ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS FOR THE GREEN APPLE BUG, LYGOCORIS COMMUNIS (KNIGHT) (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE), IN QUEBEC APPLE ORCHARDS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
O. Michaud ◽  
R.K. Stewart ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Control Implementation

AbstractEconomic injury levels and economic thresholds for nymphs of Lygocoris communis (Knight) were defined in apple orchards, using the beating technique. These were determined with 1987 apple market value and chemical control costs. Economic thresholds were established, assuming a 24-h period required for control implementation. Highly significant relationships were found between the damage at harvest and the captures of young nymphs of L. communis. The economic injury levels ranged from 0.4 to 5.8 young nymphs per sample unit depending on the sample unit and insecticide used.

ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS AND ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF CEREAL APHIDS ON BARLEY IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ba-Angood ◽  
R. K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Percentage Protein

AbstractArtificial infestations of cereal aphids in caged plants were made at different growth stages of barley in the field in 1978 and 1979. Forty, 80, 160, and 200 aphids/tiller reduced grain yield significantly (P < 0.01) when introduced into caged plants at flowering and milky stages for 2 weeks. Only the 150 and 200 aphids/tiller-treatments gave significant reductions in yield when introduction was at the mealy ripe stage. Twenty aphids/tiller gave a significant reduction in yield only when they were introduced at the beginning of ear emergence and flowering, but not at the milky ripe stage. Significant reduction in percentage protein was obtained only when 160 and 200 aphids/tiller were introduced at flowering and milky ripe stages. The economic injury and threshold levels were calculated as 10–18 and 8–16 aphids/tiller, respectively, depending on rate of increase of aphids, costs of chemical control, and the value of the crop in 1978 and 1979.

scholarly journals Perception and Use of Economic Thresholds Among Farmers and Agricultural Professionals: A Case Study on Soybean Aphid in Minnesota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Hoidal ◽  
Robert L Koch
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Foundational Principle ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Commercial Pesticide ◽  
Agricultural Professionals

Abstract Economic thresholds (ETs) are a foundational principle of integrated pest management but are not always widely accepted by farmers and agricultural professionals. This article reports on a survey of Minnesota farmer and agricultural professional perceptions of the ET for soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hempitera: Aphididae). We discuss insights for Extension programs on how to frame the importance of thresholds and teach stakeholders to use them effectively. Key takeaways include farmers and agricultural professionals often worry about combined effects of insect, disease, and physiological pressures, whereas effects of interactions with these other stressors are seldom discussed in educational outreach. Across groups, there is a fundamental misunderstanding about the difference between ETs and economic injury level. Many survey participants reported believing in the ET but lacked the time and capacity to fully implement it. Sales agronomists and farmers were the least likely groups to trust the university-determined soybean aphid ET, whereas commercial pesticide applicators and independent consultants were the most likely groups to trust it. Based on these results, we recommend adapting communication about ETs based on the target audience to address common misconceptions and barriers to ET use that are unique to each group.

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA): MIRIDAE), ON GREEN BEANS IN QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Stewart ◽  
A. R. Khattat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractCaged microplots of “Contender” green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were artificially infested with various densities of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) to determine the effect of feeding on yield and quality, and to establish economic injury levels. Plants infested at bloom or pod set stage were more severely injured than those infested at the flower bud stage. Higher infestation levels reduced crop yield, but the percentage of crude protein in bean seeds was not affected. Based on 1975 crop values and chemical control costs, economic injury levels ranged between 0.3 and 4.4 insects/10 plants depending on crop use, chemical control, and plant stage infested.

scholarly journals Western Bean Cutworm Survival and the Development of Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds in Field Corn

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paula-Moraes ◽  
T. E. Hunt ◽  
R. J. Wright ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
E. E. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Field Corn ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Western Bean Cutworm ◽  
Economic Injury

Principles of Integrated Pest Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Activity Setting ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

This chapter examines the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). IPM often is defined as a program that, in the context of the environment and the population dynamics of pests, uses many different techniques and strategies in as compatible a manner as possible to maintain pest population levels below those causing economic injury. The concept of IPM was initially developed in traditional agriculture, where the success of a crop was measured in economic yield (quantity and quality of produce). The key to such agricultural IPM programs has always been establishing consistent and reliable “economic thresholds” — pest populations at which the cost of expected crop damage exceeds the cost of implementing control. In turf, the expected economic benefit from reducing a pest population usually is much more difficult to measure than in agriculture. It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine the economic value of suppressing pest insects. As a result, “economic thresholds” in turf IPM usually are more accurately described as “tolerance levels,” or “action thresholds.” In a turf IPM program, the turf manager must determine what pest populations can be tolerated without incurring unacceptable damage. The basic components of an IPM approach include assessing a site, monitoring and predicting pest activity, setting thresholds, managing turf stress, identifying and optimizing management options, and evaluating the results.

Trap-Based Economic Injury Levels and Thresholds for Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Florida Peach Orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1347-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Penca ◽  
Amanda C Hodges ◽  
Norman C Leppla ◽  
Ted E Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Stink Bug ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
And Control ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Abstract Populations of the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), in Florida peach orchards were monitored during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons using yellow pheromone-baited pyramid traps. Peaches were evaluated at harvest for the presence of stink bug injury. A relationship between E. servus trap capture and fruit injury was used to estimate the economic injury level (EIL) for varying scenarios of crop price, per-hectare yield, and control costs. Economic thresholds were then set based on observed E. servus population trends and expected rates of increase. Thresholds were lowest in the period immediately following shuck split due to the rapid increase in E. servus populations during this period. Euschistus servus trap capture trended downward at the time of harvest. Therefore, increased E. servus management early in the Florida peach season provides the greatest overall benefit, whereas late season populations decline independent of management actions. The proposed EIL for Florida peaches determined by this study is 5.53 E. servus per trap over a 14-d trapping period, which was surpassed in only 16 of the 60 recorded trapping periods. This suggests that the current recommended spray frequency may not be economically justified.

scholarly journals Apple powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha: some aspects of disease management

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Apple powdery mildew (Podoshphaera leucorticha) occurs wherever apples are grown. One of the most important fungal disease of apple which causing severe econimic loss on susceptible apple cultivars. This review focuses on the control of apple powdery mildew. The first part of the study provides details of novel aspects of non-chemical control approaches, including agronomic measures, mechanical and biological control options as well as essential features of apple cultivar resistance. After this, developments in chemical control options are described sperately for integrated and organic apple orchards.

scholarly journals Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) infesting seed maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josemar Foresti ◽  
Cristina S Bastos ◽  
Flávio L Fernandes ◽  
Paulo R da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Economic Injury

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. III. Mites and their Predators

1949 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Apple Orchards

The commercial production of apples has led growers to greater reliance on chemical control measures for pests than have most fields of agricultural production. Since the turn of the century orchardists have plunged deeper and deeper into artificial measures to produce fruit free from blemishes without greatly alleviating the over-all pest problem and, in some cases, actually producing conditions conducive to still greater problems.

Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Paddy Rice Based on Insect-Days

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2242-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Santana ◽  
Renan da S Macedo ◽  
Tássia Tuane M dos Santos ◽  
José A F Barrigossi
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Economic Injury
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