LATE-QUATERNARY FOSSIL CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM HIPPA LAKE, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOCORYNOCERAZETT.

Ian R. Walker; Rolf W. Mathewes

doi:10.4039/ent120739-8

LATE-QUATERNARY FOSSIL CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM HIPPA LAKE, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOCORYNOCERAZETT.

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent120739-8 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 120 (8-9) ◽

pp. 739-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ian R. Walker ◽

Rolf W. Mathewes

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Special Reference ◽

Climatic Change ◽

North American ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Glacial Refugium ◽

Coastal Lakes ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands ◽

Early Arrival

AbstractChironomid stratigraphic analyses of sediment from Hippa Lake, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C., revealed a fossil chironomid record unlike that reported for deeper lakes of southwestern British Columbia, but similar to an arctic Alaskan sequence. Little evidence of trophic succession or climatic change was noted.Chironomids, includingCorynoceranr.ambiguaZett., rapidly colonized the lake. Because the known adults ofCorynoceraZett. are brachypterous, the early arrival ofC. nr.ambiguaat Hippa Lake suggested either that this species survived in a Queen Charlotte glacial refugium, that chironomids can disperse very rapidly, even without active flight, or the existence of a previously undescribedCorynoceraspecies with well-developed wings.Elsewhere, fossils of theC.ambiguagroup are commonly associated with fossil oospores ofCharaValliant andNitellaAgardh. North American records are inconsistent, although similar correlations existed in some coastal lakes of British Columbia.

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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA INGASTEROSTEUSAND PLEISTOCENE GLACIAL REFUGIUM ON THE QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Evolution ◽

10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb02122.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 678-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

P. O'Reilly ◽

T. E. Reimchen ◽

R. Beech ◽

C. Strobeck

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Glacial Refugium ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands

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Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, with discussion of their origin and description of Simulium (Hellichiella) nebulosum n. sp.

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z86-035 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 218-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. C. Currie ◽

P. H. Adler

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

North American ◽

Cytological Study ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands ◽

The North

A morphological and cytological study on blackflies of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, revealed a total of 16 species in three genera: Prosimulium (6 species), Simulium (9 species), and Stegopterna (1 species). Included is a description of Simulium (Hellichiella) nebulosum n. sp. Notes on distribution and bionomics are provided for each species. AH species collected on the Queen Charlotte Islands are also found on the North American mainland. We conclude that the origin of the present-day simuliid fauna is best explained by post-Wisconsinan dispersal from mainland populations. This conclusion does not support the hypothesis of a continuously mild, Wisconsinan refugium on the Queen Charlotte Islands.

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Mitochondrial DNA in Gasterosteus and Pleistocene Glacial Refugium on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia

Evolution ◽

10.2307/2410080 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 678 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

P. O'Reilly ◽

T. E. Reimchen ◽

R. Beech ◽

C. Strobeck

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Glacial Refugium ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands

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Late Pleistocene coastal paleogeography of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada, and its implications for terrestrial biogeography and early postglacial human occupation

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e03-071 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 1755-1766 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Renée Hetherington ◽

J Vaughn Barrie ◽

Robert GB Reid ◽

Roger MacLeod ◽

Dan J Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Glacial Refugia ◽

Spatial Modelling ◽

Early Holocene ◽

Human Occupation ◽

Land Bridge ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands

Molluscs, sediment lithology, and published sub-bottom profiles are used to deduce sea levels, outline the influence of glacially induced crustal displacement, and reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the northeast Pacific late Quaternary coastline. Geo-spatial modelling shows subaerially exposed land that could have been inhabited by plants and animals, and also coastally migrating early North American peoples. Ice-free terrain, present by at least 13 790 ± 150 14C years BP, a land bridge, and edible molluscs are identified. Queen Charlotte Islands (QCI) late Pleistocene coastal paleogeography may assist in explaining the biogeography of many terrestrial plant and animal species along the broader northeastern Pacific margin and provide evidence for researchers seeking late Pleistocene early Holocene glacial refugia. Late Pleistocene early Holocene coastlines that are not drowned and that may harbour early archaeological sites are identified along the western QCI, where migrants probably first travelled and the westernmost British Columbia mainland, where the effects of glacial ice were reduced.

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The Hepatic Flora and Floristic Affinity of Hepatics Around Takakia Lake, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v121i1.388 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Won Shic Hong

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

North American ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Lake Area ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands ◽

Floristic Affinity

The known hepatic flora of the Takakia Lake area consists of 66 species, 2 subspecies, and 2 varieties, in 30 genera and 18 families. Thirty-seven taxa (51.8%) of the total 70 taxa present are boreal in distribution. Seven taxa (10.1%) are western North American and Amphi-Pacific elements. This clearly demonstrates that the greatest diversity of western North American hepatics occurs between 45°–55°N and between 120°–135°W which includes the lake (Hong 1988). Other distribution patterns include a taxon which is a North American boreal endemic and one which is a North American temperate endemic; two are cosmopolitan and disjunct montane; three are circumtemperate and circum-montane; six are temperate disjunct; eight are arctic and alpine; fourteen are boreal disjunct and twenty-three are circumboreal.

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Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, coastal British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e82-048 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 597-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 155

Author(s):

John Clague ◽

John R. Harper ◽

R. J. Hebda ◽

D. E. Howes

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Sea Level ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Sea Level Change ◽

Vancouver Island ◽

Relative Sea Level ◽

Crustal Movements ◽

Level Change ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands

Late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations on the British Columbia coast have been established from studies of terrestrial and marine sediments and landforms. These studies indicate that the sea-level history of mainland British Columbia and eastern Vancouver Island is very different from that of the Queen Charlotte Islands and western Vancouver Island. Specifically, in the former areas, there was a rapid rise of submerged coastal lowlands between about 13 000 and 10 000 years ago. Emergence culminated about 6000–9000 years ago, depending on the locality, when the sea, relative to the land, was 12 m or more lower than at present in some areas. During middle and late Holocene time, relative sea level rose on the mainland coast and at least locally on eastern Vancouver Island, resulting in inundation of coastal archaeological sites and low-lying terrestrial vegetation. Tidal records and precise levelling suggest ongoing submergence of at least part of this region.In contrast, shorelines on the Queen Charlotte Islands were below present from before 13 700 years ago until approximately 9500–10 000 years ago. A transgression at the close of the Pleistocene climaxed about 7500–8500 years ago when relative sea level probably was about 15 m above present in most areas. Most of the emergence that followed apparently occurred in the last 5000–6000 years. There has been a similar pattern of emergence on the west coast of Vancouver Island during late Holocene time.The above patterns of late Quaternary sea-level change are attributed to complex isostatic response to downwasting and retreat of the late Wisconsin Cordilleran Ice Sheet, to transfers of water from melting ice sheets to oceans, and to plate interactions on the British Columbia continental margin. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene crustal movements were dominantly isostatic. Although the recent regression on the outer coast likely is due, at least in part, to tectonic uplift, some late Holocene sea-level change in this area and elsewhere on the British Columbia coast may be either eustatic in nature or a residual isostatic response to deglaciation, which occurred thousands of years earlier.

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Population structure and stock identification of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in coastal lakes in British Columbia, Canada

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z05-066 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 834-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

T D Beacham ◽

B McIntosh ◽

C MacConnachie

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Population Structure ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Coastal Lakes ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

The Mean ◽

Mixed Stock

Population structure of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792), from coastal lakes in British Columbia was determined from a survey of variation of 14 microsatellite loci, with approximately 6400 sockeye salmon analyzed from 40 populations. Populations from the Queen Charlotte Islands displayed fewer alleles per locus than did populations in other regions. Genetic differentiation among the populations surveyed was observed, with the mean FST for all loci being 0.077 (SD = 0.006). Differentiation among populations was approximately 13 times greater than annual variation within populations. Regional structuring of the populations surveyed was observed. The accuracy and precision of the estimated stock compositions generally increased as the number of observed alleles at the loci increased. Simulated mixed-stock samples generated from observed population frequencies in different regions suggested that variation at microsatellite loci provided reasonably accurate and precise estimates of stock composition for potential samples from marine or freshwater fisheries.

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The Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z91-069 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 443-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. A. Marshall ◽

Terry A. Wheeler

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

North America ◽

Rocky Mountains ◽

Glacial Refugium ◽

Coastal Forest ◽

Coast Range ◽

Postglacial Colonization ◽

Source Areas ◽

Queen Charlotte Islands ◽

Parsimonious Explanation

Sphaeroceridae were collected in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, in July 1988, and their distributional patterns were examined to test the hypothesis that the archipelago was the site of a Wisconsinan glacial refugium. A total of 27 species of Sphaeroceridae was identified. Ten of these species show widespread Holarctic distributions, four species are widespread across North America, seven species are restricted to North America west of the Rocky Mountains, three species are restricted to the coastal forest west of the Coast Range, and three species are supralittoral along the coast. There is no indication of endemism or relict distributions on the islands; the sphaerocerid fauna is similar to that found on the adjacent mainland. The most parsimonious explanation for the origin of the present sphaerocerid fauna of the archipelago is postglacial colonization from mainland North America. The sphaerocerid distribution pattern was compared with patterns for other Diptera and Coleoptera from the region. In general, the Sphaeroceridae corroborate the pattern seen in most other insect taxa, with postglacial dispersal from mainland source areas accounting for the present sphaerocerid fauna of the Queen Charlotte Islands.

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