MONITORING SPRUCE BUDWORM POPULATION DENSITY WITH SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps

AbstractAnnual catches of male spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]) in sex pheromone traps over a 21-year period in northwestern Ontario were well correlated with larval population densities in each subsequent year (r2 = 81%). On the basis of the criterion of 3 successive years of increasing catches or a threshold of 50 moths per trap, warning of extensive defoliation could have been given 6 years in advance. In 18 plots in northwestern Ontario and 35 plots distributed throughout the province, coefficients of determination (r2) between catch and population density in the same generation ranged from 40 to 74% in 1982 and 1983, but fell below 23% in 1984 when population densities in many plots were high. Coefficients of determination between catch and population densities in the following generation (eggs or larvae) ranged from 41 to 62%. On the basis of several years of cooperative research, sex pheromone traps are now in operational use in eastern North America for monitoring spruce budworm populations.

EVALUATION OF HIGH-CAPACITY, NONSATURATING SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS FOR MONITORING POPULATION DENSITIES OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps

AbstractThe efficiency of two sticky-bottomed traps and seven high-capacity, nonsticky traps in catching male spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] moths was evaluated in a wind tunnel. The place where the male moths first contacted the trap, the length of time that passed until they entered the trap, and the number remaining in the trap after 5 min were recorded. The most efficient traps were the Pherocon 1 C, a sticky-bottomed trap, and the Multi-Pher and Uni-trap, both nonsticky traps with internal funnel-shaped baffles that prevent moths from escaping. As sticky traps become saturated at relatively low densities they are not suitable for monitoring wide changes in population density. The Multi-Pher and Uni-trap are therefore recommended for monitoring population changes of the spruce budworm, establishing thresholds for management action, and estimating population density.

Spruce budworm outbreaks and the incidence of vagrancy in eastern North American wood-warblers

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Patten ◽  
Jutta C Burger
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
North American ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Seiurus Aurocapillus ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Wood Warblers

The Tennessee (Vermivora peregrina), Cape May (Dendroica tigrina), Bay-breasted (D. castanea), and Canada (Wilsonia canadensis) warblers and the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) appear to show positive numerical responses to outbreaks of the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana); the Magnolia (D. magnolia), Black-throated Green (D. virens), and Blackburnian (D. fusca) warblers may occur in lower numbers during outbreaks because of increased competition with these budworm specialists. Thus, we predicted that the number of fall vagrant Tennessee, Cape May, and Bay-breasted warblers and Ovenbirds occurring in California are highly positively associated with budworm population density, positively intercorrelated, and negatively associated with numbers of Magnolia, Black-throated Green, and Blackburnian warblers. A 23-year (1972-1994) data set of budworm population densities and vagrant warbler occurrences in California showed that (i) budworm population density was an excellent predictor (explaining about 50% of the variance) of numbers of occurrences of the Cape May, Bay-breasted, and Canada warblers; (ii) all warbler species tended to co-occur, with numbers of Cape May and Bay-breasted warblers especially highly intercorrelated; and (iii) Magnolia Warbler numbers were negatively associated with those of budworm specialists, but Black-throated Green and Blackburnian warblers showed no association.

FACTORS AFFECTING SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA) (CLEM.) MATING AND MATING DISRUPTION WITH PHEROMONE IN THE LABORATORY

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Ponder ◽  
L.R. Kipp ◽  
C. Bergh ◽  
G.C. Lonergan ◽  
W.D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pheromone Components

AbstractFactors influencing spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) mating and mating suppression in an enclosed environment in the laboratory were investigated to develop a quantitative assay suited to statistical analysis. Mating in the absence of the two major components of spruce budworm sex pheromone (control) was not affected by changes in moth population density nor by increasing the experimental duration from 20 to 44 h. The proportions mated increased with an increase in the male:female ratio to 1.5:1 and when the experimental duration was prolonged to 68 h. Using a population density, sex ratio combination of 15:10 (male:female) the proportions of mated females decreased with increasing source concentrations of the two major spruce budworm sex pheromone components (95:5 E/Z-11–14-tetradecenal). This effect was diminished with increases in the population density and with extended test duration. Mating in the presence of pheromone remained lower than controls over all durations tested.

A LARGE-CAPACITY PHEROMONE TRAP FOR SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE),

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Kendall ◽  
Daniel T. Jennings ◽  
Mark W. Houseweart
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
High Population ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Moth Scales

Several types of pheromone-baited traps have been used for trapping males of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Most pheromone traps have sticky surfaces for capturing attracted moths; however, the sticky surface often becomes saturated with moths, moth scales, and debris, thus diminishing the traps' effectiveness. At high population densities, saturation may occur within a few hours after the traps are placed in the field. The Pherocon 1CP® trap found most effective by Sanders (1978) functionally saturates after about 50 spruce budworm moths are caught (Houseweart et al. 1981).

LONG TERM STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AERIAL APPLICATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS – ACEPHATE COMBINATIONS AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Long Term Study

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Dipel® 36B) mixed with a sublethal concentration of acephate (Orthene®) (O, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate), an organophosphorous insecticide, was applied at 2.35–14 l./ha to white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) trees infested with spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). The treatment rate was 20 Billion International Units of B. thuringiensis (B.t.) activity with or without 42 g of active ingredient of acephate/ha.The ground deposit of the standard Dipel wettable powder formulation was 12% of emitted volume compared with 21–32% for the Dipel 36B flowable. The viability of B.t. spores was drastically reduced after 1 day of weathering but a high level of biological activity by the spore–crystal complex persisted for up to 20 days post-spray due probably to crystal activity.The addition of about 10% of the recommended operational rate of acephate to the B.t. suspension increased larval mortality by 34% when applied at 4.7 l./ha. Reductions in budworm populations were 97–99% in B.t. + acephate plots and 86–90% in B.t. alone plots.Plots with moderate budworm densities of up to 27 larvae/100 buds on white spruce and 36/100 on balsam fir were satisfactorily protected from excessive defoliation in the year of spray by B.t. with or without acephate. Plots with higher population densities were not satisfactorily protected based on the branch sample examination but aerial color photographs indicated good protection to the top third of the trees. Population declines were greater and defoliation and oviposition were lower in the treated plots than in the untreated checks 1 year later without further treatment. Two years later the larval population densities in all plots were low but the density was twice as high in the untreated check as in the treated plots, indicating long term suppression by the treatments. Defoliation was negligible in all plots.The treatments had no deleterious effect on spruce budworm parasitism. The data indicate that the integrated approach using Bacillus thuringiensis – chemical pesticide combinations is a viable alternative to the use of chemical pesticides alone in spruce budworm control. Large scale testing is now warranted.

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