SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FLOWER THRIPS (FRANKLINIELLA TRITICI (FITCH)) AND ONION THRIPS (THRIPS TABACI LINDEMAN) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON SAFFLOWER IN EASTERN MONTANA

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael John Weiss ◽  
Ramona J. Beshear
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Flower Thrips

Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., is an important drought-tolerant oilseed crop, used for the production of vegetable oil and protein meal. It is one of the few broadleaf crops that can be used for crop rotation in the small grains agroecosystem of the Northern Great Plains. Safflower is currently produced on about 60 000 ha in eastern Montana and northwestern North Dakota and about 10 000 ha in Alberta and Saskatchewan. There is little information available on the pest insect species on safflower in the Northern Great Plains; however, four pest species have been reported from California, including the westem flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)), lygus bug (Lygus hesperus Knight), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), and the bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli) (Carlson 1966, 1972).

scholarly journals Symbiont-mediated RNA interference in insects

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1825) ◽  
pp. 20160042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda M. A. Whitten ◽  
Paul D. Facey ◽  
Ricardo Del Sol ◽  
Lorena T. Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Meirwyn C. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Blood Sucking

RNA interference (RNAi) methods for insects are often limited by problems with double-stranded (ds) RNA delivery, which restricts reverse genetics studies and the development of RNAi-based biocides. We therefore delegated to insect symbiotic bacteria the task of: (i) constitutive dsRNA synthesis and (ii) trauma-free delivery. RNaseIII-deficient, dsRNA-expressing bacterial strains were created from the symbionts of two very diverse pest species: a long-lived blood-sucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus , and a short-lived globally invasive polyphagous agricultural pest, western flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ). When ingested, the manipulated bacteria colonized the insects, successfully competed with the wild-type microflora, and sustainably mediated systemic knockdown phenotypes that were horizontally transmissible. This represents a significant advance in the ability to deliver RNAi, potentially to a large range of non-model insects.

Comparing Brassica oilseed crop productivity under contrasting N fertility regimes in the semiarid northern Great Plains

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Miller ◽  
S. V. Angadi ◽  
G. L. Androsoff ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
C. L. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Available N ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Primary Yield ◽  
The Mean ◽  
N Fertility

We compared the growth and yield of five Brassica spp. genotypes [two B.juncea (L.) Coss., two B. napus L. and one B. rapa L.] in 11 environments spanning two degrees of latitude and longitude in southern Saskatchewan in 1996–1998. All entries were managed with three levels of N fertility at each site. Plant height for the canola-quality B. juncea breeding line J904316 was 21% greater than the mean of the other genotypes, but shoot biomass did not differ for the same comparison. Cutlass Oriental mustard consistently yielded greatest across all environments while the yield of J904316 was highly variable among environments. The mean seed yield of Cutlass was 12% greater than the highest-yielding B. napus cultivar and 32% greater than the B. rapa cultivar, and had a greater harvest index. Earlier genotypes yielded greater than late-flowering and maturing genotypes within B. juncea and B. napus, but the earliest genotype, Maverick (B. rapa), yielded lower than all other genotypes. All Brassica spp. genotypes were responsive to N fertilization, and high total available N (average = 109, range = 91 to 131 kg N ha-1) was generally required to maximize seed yield, but not shoot biomass, under the conditions of this study. Pod density was the primary yield component influenced by N level. This study illustrates the potential adaptive advantage of B. juncea on the semiarid northern Great Plains. Key words: Brassica, canola, genotype, mustard, N fertility, semiarid, northern Great Plains

scholarly journals Complexity and local specificity of the virome associated with tospovirus-transmitting thrips species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiapello ◽  
Lara Bosco ◽  
M. Ciuffo ◽  
S. Ottati ◽  
N. Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis

Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips=WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips=OT) are insect species that greatly impact horticultural crops through direct damage and their efficient vectoring of tomato spotted wilt virus and iris yellow spot virus. In this study we collected thrips of these species from 12 field populations in various regions in Italy. We also included one field population of Neohydatothrips variabilis (soybean thrips=ST) from the U.S.A. Total RNAseq from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to assemble the virome and then we assigned putative viral contigs to each thrips sample by qRT-PCR. Excluding plant and fungal viruses, we were able to identify 61 viral segments, corresponding to 41 viruses: 14 were assigned to WFT, 17 to OT, one from ST and 9 viruses could not be assigned to any species based on our stringent criteria. All these viruses are putative representative of new species (with only the exception of a sobemo-like virus that is 100% identical to a virus recently characterized in ST) and some belong to new higher-ranking taxa. These additions to the viral phylogeny suggest previously undescribed evolutionary niches. Most of the Baltimore’s classes of RNA viruses were present (positive- and minus- strand and dsRNA viruses), but only one DNA virus was identified in our collection. Repeated sampling in a subset of locations in 2019 and 2020 and further virus characterization in a subset of four thrips populations maintained in laboratory allowed us to provide evidence of a locally persistent thrips core virome that characterizes each population. IMPORTANCE Harnessing the insect microbiome can result in new approaches to contain their populations or the damage they cause vectoring viruses of medical, veterinary, or agricultural importance. Persistent insect viruses are a neglected component of their microbiota. Here for the first time, we characterize the virome associated with the two model systems for tospovirus-transmitting thrips species, of utmost importance for the direct and indirect damage they cause to a number of different crops. The thrips virome here characterized includes several novel viruses, that in some cases reveal previously undescribed clades. More importantly, some of the viruses we describe are part of a core virome that is specific and consistently present in distinct geographical locations monitored over the years, hinting at a possible mutualistic symbiotic relationship with their host.

scholarly journals Diversity and seasonal fluctuation of thrips species on yellow tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. He ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
L.L. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Lupinus Arboreus ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species

Yellow tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) an abundant weed in New Zealand is host to several economically important thrips species The diversity and relative abundance of thrips found on yellow tree lupin were measured weekly via handcollections over the 2008/09 summer at two locations in Canterbury separated by 8 km From the 1540 thrips that were collected and slidemounted eight thrips species were identified The most abundant species was New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) followed by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) the lupin strain of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Thrips vulgatissimus Thrips australis Limothrips cerealium Chirothrips manicatus and Tenothrips frici The largest variation in relative abundance occurred in early December with onion thrips dominant at Killinchy and western 64258;ower thrips dominant at Rakaia In late December at Rakaia the dominant species shifted to New Zealand 64258;ower thrips This indicates considerable spatial and temporal variation in relative abundance of thrips species

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES ON ONION SEED AND BROCCOLI SEED PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWEST ARIZONA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409a-1409
Author(s):  
Michael D. Rethwisch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Aphid Control

In 1991 and 1992, insecticide trials were conducted on onion and broccoli grown for seed, respectively, near Yuma, Ariz., to evaluate the effects of insects and insecticide treatments on seed production. Four insecticides (Agri-Mek, Ammo, Capture, Lorsban) were evaluated on onions where both western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) were present. Visual differences between treatment resultant from onion thrips damage were evident within 10 days after treatments were applied at flower opening. Lorsban, Ammo, and Capture treatments provided control of onion thrips based on condition of seed heads. Ammo and Capture were the only treatments that increased seed yield, as the Lorsban treatment was thought to repel bees needed for pollination. Pyrethroid treatments yielded 40% more seed than the nontreated check, which yielded more than Lorsban and Agri-Mek treatments. Four insecticide treatments (Thiodan, CGA-215944, and two rates of RH7988) were evaluated on broccoli seed where green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] was present. All treatments reduced aphid numbers compared to the nontreated check, with RH7988 providing most control. Seed yields (g/plant) were reduced in all insecticide-treated plots compared with the nontreated plots, although percentage of seed sized larger than 4.5/64” was apparently correlated with increased aphid control. Seed yield per plant was higher from the lower rate of RH7988 than the higher rate. Plants treated with RH7988 had almost 0.5 g/plant more seed sized 5.5/64” than other treatments.

scholarly journals Onion Thrips,Thrips tabaci, Have Gut Bacteria That are Closely Related to the Symbionts of the Western Flower Thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egbert J. de Vries ◽  
André W. G. van der Wurff ◽  
Gerrit Jacobs ◽  
Johannes A. J. Breeuwer
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips

scholarly journals Evaluation of new volatile compounds as lures for western flower thrips and onion thrips in New Zealand and Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
C. Casta?? ◽  
M-C Nielsen ◽  
A.M. El-Sayed ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
White Water

Two glasshouse trials in a capsicum crop near Warkworth New Zealand in January 2011 and two field trials in a nectarine orchard near Lleida Spain in July 2013 were undertaken to determine if trap capture of Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips OT) could be increased by alternative volatile compounds beyond the known thrips attractant methyl isonicotinate (MI) On blue sticky board traps in the crop in New Zealand none of six alternative compounds tested caught more thrips (mostly WFT OT and two other species) than the Control traps In contrast to MI catches with the alternative lures were mostly significantly lower For both trials in the orchard in Spain using white water traps the highest numbers of WFT and OT were caught higher than most of the nine alternative odour compounds tested

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