SELECTION OF SPIDER PREY BY TRYPOXYLON POLITUM (SAY) (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMore than 94% of all spiders captured by Trypoxylon politum (Say) were from three genera: Neoscona, Araneus, and Eustala. The contribution of these spider genera to provisions of T. politum in the eastern and southeastern United States was estimated as follows: Eustala, 17%; Araneus, 21%; and Neoscona, 59%. Provisions in early summer were dominated by Araneus marmoreus Clerck, Eustala sp., and Neoscona hentzii (Keyserling); in mid-summer by N. hentzii; and in late summer by A. marmoreus and Neoscona domiciliorum (Hentz). The proportions of juvenile, subadult, and adult spiders captured depended on the time of year and the developmental stage of the spider. Trypoxylon politum captured male and female subadults, and female adults, but took very few male adults. Trypoxylon politum was found to be stenophagous with respect to prey species and euryphagous with respect to prey size.

Impact of extrafloral nectar availability and plant genotype on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visitation to quaking aspen (Salicaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon R. Newman ◽  
Diane Wagner ◽  
Patricia Doak
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Natural Induction ◽  
Formica Fusca ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Nectar Availability

AbstractFor quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux; Salicaceae) the rate of extrafloral (EF) sugar secretion is increased by defoliation and decreased by drought. Although wholesale blocking of EF nectar has been shown to reduce ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visitation to aspen, the effect of more subtle and realistic variations in nectar availability on ant recruitment is unknown. Working in Alaskan boreal forest (United States of America), we reduced and supplemented EF nectar availability on potted aspen ramets of three genotypes and surveyed visitation by free-living Formica fusca (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ants were more responsive to a subtle increase in sugar availability than to a decrease. While nectar reduction had no effect on ant visitation, nectar supplementation increased ant visitation to one aspen genotype by 70% during an early summer trial. Average ant visitation to different aspen genotypes varied during the late summer, indicating that aspen genotype can influence attractiveness to ants. We conclude that natural induction of EF secretion in response to herbivory may benefit aspen through improved ant recruitment, though the response is dependent on aspen genotype and time of year. Differences among aspen genets in attractiveness to ants could influence the relative success of genotypes, especially in settings in which aspen regenerates from seed.

scholarly journals Orange Cane Blotch of Commercial Blackberry in the Southeastern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Frances B. Browne ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen ◽  
Harald Scherm ◽  
Marin T. Brewer ◽  
Susan B. Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis

Orange cane blotch affects commercial blackberry production in the southeastern United States, mainly in the Coastal Plain region. The causal agent is a slow-growing parasitic alga, Cephaleuros virescens, which has a wide host range. Disease development is linked to the biennial growth pattern of blackberry, whereby symptoms appear in the early fall and algal lesions expand throughout the winter, spring, and early summer of the following year. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences suggests that blackberry isolates from different geographical locations cluster together and are genetically similar to each other and yet differ from isolates of C. virescens obtained from commercial blueberry.

scholarly journals Quantitative Aspects of the Spread of Asian Soybean Rust in the Southeastern United States, 2005 to 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1428-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. C. Christiano ◽  
H. Scherm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Short Period

The regional dynamics of soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, in six southeastern states (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia) in 2005 and 2006 were analyzed based on disease records collected as part of U.S. Department of Agriculture's soybean rust surveillance and monitoring program. The season-long rate of temporal disease progress averaged ≈0.5 new cases day–1 and was higher in nonsentinel soybean (Glycine max) plots than in sentinel soybean plots and kudzu (Pueraria lobata) plots. Despite the early detection of rust on kudzu in January and/or February each year (representing the final phase of the previous year's epidemic), the disease developed slowly during the spring and early summer on this host species and did not enter its exponential phase until late August, more than 1 month after it did so on soybean. On soybean, cases occurred very sporadically before the beginning of July, after which their number increased rapidly. Thus, while kudzu likely provides the initial inoculum for epidemics on soybean, the rapid increase in disease prevalence on kudzu toward the end of the season appears to be driven by inoculum produced on soybean. Of 112 soybean cases with growth stage data, only one occurred during vegetative crop development while ≈75% occurred at stage R6 (full seed) or higher. The median nearest-neighbor distance of spread among cases was ≈70 km in both years, with 10% of the distances each being below ≈30 km and above ≈200 km. Considering only the epidemic on soybean, the disease expanded at an average rate of 8.8 and 10.4 km day–1 in 2005 and 2006, respectively. These rates are at the lower range of those reported for the annual spread of tobacco blue mold from the Caribbean Basin through the southeastern United States. Regional spread of soybean rust may be limited by the slow disease progress on kudzu during the first half of the year combined with the short period available for disease establishment on soybean during the vulnerable phase of host reproductive development, although low inoculum availability in 2005 and dry conditions in 2006 also may have reduced epidemic potential.

scholarly journals Assessing Consumer Preferences for Country-of-Origin Labeling

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Loureiro ◽  
Wendy J. Umberger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Consumer Survey ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we assess consumer willingness to pay for a mandatory country-of-origin labeling (COOL) program applied to beef ribeye steaks, chicken breasts, and pork chops, all labeled as “Certified U.S.” products. A consumer survey was mailed in spring and early summer 2003 to households in the continental United States. Results indicate that consumers are in general very concerned about food safety issues, viewing U.S. meat as the safest among the selection of countries considered. Nevertheless, consumer willingness to pay for Certified U.S. products is relatively small, although above the expected implementation costs associated with a mandatory labeling program. This finding coincides with the fact that only 36% of the sample favored consumers paying directly for the costs related to a mandatory COOL program.

scholarly journals Does an August Singularity Exist in the Northern Rockies of the United States?

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1850
Author(s):  
Peter T. Soulé ◽  
Paul A. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Northern Rockies ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Time Of Year

Abstract Climatic singularities offer a degree of orderliness to notable meteorological events that are typically characterized by significant temporal variability. Significant deviations from normal daily maximum temperatures that occur following the passage of a strong midlatitude cyclone in mid- to late August in the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States are recognized in the local culture as the “August Singularity.” Daily standardized maximum temperature anomalies for August–October were examined for eight climate stations in Montana and Idaho as indicators of major midlatitude storms. The data indicate that a single-day negative maximum temperature singularity exists for 13 August. Further, a 3-day singularity event exists for 24–26 August. It is concluded that the concept of an August Singularity in the northern Rockies is valid, because the high frequency of recorded negative maximum temperature anomalies suggests that there are specific time intervals during late summer that are more likely to experience a major midlatitude storm. The principal benefit to society for the August Singularity is that the reduced temperatures help in the efforts to control wildfires that are common this time of year in the northern Rockies.

scholarly journals Towards an Understanding of the Twentieth-Century Cooling Trend in the Southeastern United States: Biogeophysical Impacts of Land-Use Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Ellenburg ◽  
R. T. McNider ◽  
J. F. Cruise ◽  
John R. Christy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Latent Energy

Abstract This paper explores the link between the anomalous warming hole in the southeastern United States and a major land-use/land-cover (LULC) change in the region. Land surface and satellite observations were analyzed to estimate the net radiative forcing due to LULC change. Albedo and latent energy were specifically addressed for the dominant LULC change of agriculture to forests. It was assumed that in the energy-limited environment of the region, the partition of changes in available energy due to albedo will mostly impact the sensible heat. The results show that in the southeastern United States, for the period of 1920 to 1992, the changes in sensible (as a result of albedo) and latent energies are in direct competition with each other. In the spring and early summer months, the croplands are in peak production and the latent energy associated with their evapotranspiration (ET) is comparable to that of the forests so the decrease in radiation due to albedo dominates the signal. However, during the late summer and fall months, most major crops have matured, thus reducing their transpiration rate while forests (particularly evergreens) maintain their foliage and with their deep roots are able to continue to transpire as long as atmospheric conditions are favorable. This later influence of latent energy appears to more than offset the increased radiative forcing from the spring and early summer. Overall, a mean annual net radiative forcing resulting from a LULC change from cropland to forests was estimated to be −1.06 W m−2 and thus a probable contribution to the “warming hole” over the Southeast during the majority of the twentieth century.

The Males of Dialictus laevissimus (Smith) and D. rohweri (Ellis) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Knerer ◽  
C. E. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The North ◽  
Junior Author ◽  
The Status ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Correct Association

Proper association of males with females of the bee family Halictidae presents difficulties not found in most insect groups. In the north temperate zone males emerge in late summer, mate with the females and then die, only females surviving over winter. Collecting in spring and early summer therefore yields only females and only in the later collections do males appear.Correct association between males and females may be secured by excavating burrows after males have emerged from the pupae, by collecting mating pairs or by making such extensive collections in a limited area that statistical evidence may be secured to support conclusions based on morphological features. This technique was used by the junior author in his original studies of Andrenidae and Halictidae (Atwood, 1933) but is by no means a universal practice. Consequently, many species names in the Halictidae are based on descriptions of one sex only while in other instances the association between male and female rests upon a very shaky foundation. This paper is designed to clarify the status of two species which are now in the above categories.

Landscape Scale Habitat Selection of Harlequin Coralsnakes (Micrurus fulvius) in Three Large, Protected Areas in the Southeastern United States

Copeia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Steen ◽  
Michael Barbour ◽  
Christopher J. W. McClure ◽  
Kenneth P. Wray ◽  
John N. Macey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Large Protected Areas ◽  
Selection Of

Mysid predation on amphipods and Daphnia in a shallow coastal lake: prey selection and effects of macrophytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M Wilhelm ◽  
Juliane Hamann ◽  
Carolyn W Burns
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size Preference ◽  
Paracalliope Fluviatilis

Interactions between mysids and invertebrates other than pelagic zooplankton have not been well studied. We tested the hypothesis that the mysid Tenagomysis chiltoni preys on the co-occurring amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis in laboratory experiments. In prey size preference experiments with single prey species, male and female T. chiltoni consumed more small than large amphipods in the absence of the macrophyte Elodea canadensis, but were not selective when macrophytes were present. When offered small and large Daphnia, T. chiltoni males consumed more small than large Daphnia, whereas female T. chiltoni did not show any preference. When amphipods and Daphnia of similar size were presented together, male T. chiltoni strongly selected Daphnia in the presence and absence of E. canadensis, whereas female mysids did so only in the presence of macrophytes. The total number of prey consumed by each sex did not differ between macrophyte treatments. However, female T. chiltoni, which are larger than males, consumed more prey than males. These data suggest that mysids may be an important source of mortality to the amphipod P. fluviatilis. Mysids may also prey on amphipods in other aquatic systems where they co-occur.

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