PREDICTING LARVAL ABUNDANCE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WLK., IN MANITOBA FROM CATCHES OF MALE MOTHS IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Trap Field ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractTwo cone-orifice-type traps baited with (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (1.0 mg) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (0.05 mg) were placed in each of 5–13 canola (Brassica spp.) fields per year for 7 years at locations distributed throughout the area in Manitoba subject to outbreaks of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The number of male moths per trap varied from 0 to 821 in the 90 fields trapped. Larval density, in the trap fields and in 185 nearby canola fields, varied from 0 to 105 per square metre. There was a direct relationship between the number of moths per trap and the density of late-instar larvae (L4–L6) for the trap fields and for nearby (within 5 km) fields but variability was loo high to allow accurate prediction of larval densities for individual fields. However, the number of moths per trap could be used to predict the proportion of fields in the vicinity of the trap field that would have larval densities above the economic threshold. No fields with above-threshold larval densities occurred with captures of <20 moths per trap. The proportion of fields with larval densities above the economic threshold increased from 0.10 with 20–30 moths per trap, lo 0.19 with 30–60 moths per trap, 0.64 with 70–100 moths per trap, and 0.91 with over 100 moths per trap. Contamination of catches by non-target species of noctuid moths had insignificant effects on the accuracy of these predictions because even if they were misidentified as M. configurata the number of moths per trap changed only marginally. Populations of M. configurara were higher and local outbreaks occurred more frequently in canola-growing areas adjacent to morainic hills along the Manitoba Escarpment, whereas populations were low in areas of the Manitoba Lowlands and of the Western Uplands. A proposed monitoring system for M. configurata in Manitoba is described.

EFFECTS OF THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUS) ON THE CAPTURE OF MOTHS IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS AND ON LARVAL DENSITY OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Male Moth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Valid Index ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe number of moths captured during short intervals in traps containing a sex attractant for males of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., is related to the stage of plant development in the fields of canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) in which the traps are placed. More moths were captured in fields with plants in the early bloom stage than in those with plants in earlier (leaf, bud) or later (late bloom, pod) stages of development. The effect of this relationship on the total number of moths captured in any field during the entire period of moth flight depended in part on the synchronization of crop development with moth flight. Neither the total number of moths captured per field nor larval density were significantly related to crop development because of high inter-field variability among groups of fields with similar patterns of crop development. Early-maturing fields contained older larvae than later-maturing fields so they should be sampled first to determine larval density and the need for insecticidal application. The estimated patterns of egg-laying were similar to those for male moth capture in early-, mid-, and late-flowering fields. Therefore, male moth captures in sex attractant traps provide a valid index to the abundance of female moths and their egg-laying activities.

DENSITY, PARASITISM, AND DISEASE INCIDENCE OF LARVAE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN MANITOBA, 1973–1986’

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Physiographic Regions ◽  
River Plain ◽  
Swan River ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractPopulations of larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., in four physiographic regions of Manitoba showed similar trends over time: a decline from the outbreak of 1971–1972 to very low densities in 1975–1977, an increase to a peak during the years 1979–1981, and a subsequent decline. During the period of peak larval populations, brief (1 or 2 years) outbreaks [at least some fields with > 20 larvae per square metre) occurred at five locations in two regions, the Swan River Plain and the Valley River Plain, but not in the Western Uplands or the Manitoba Lowlands. In the first two regions, larval densities rose rapidly (from < 1.6 to > 13.8/m2) in 1 year. Although the general trend of population density was similar, there were differences in density among and within regions, and in the timing, severity, and duration of peak populations. Two parasitoids (Banchus flavescens Cress., Athrycia cinerea (Coq.)) and two pathogens (a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and fungi of the Entomophthorales) occurred regularly in larval populations. Of these, B. flavescens had the highest constancy among collections and may help to keep bertha armyworm populations at low densities. NPV was rarely found among larvae from low-density populations but appeared in all populations that reached outbreak levels. No single biotic agent could be associated with the population declines because of multiple parasitism and the difficulty in partitioning mortality when only a single sample could be taken. The rapid increase of bertha armyworm larvae from very low to outbreak levels in 1 year will prevent predictions of outbreaks from being based on larval densities in the preceding year.

EFFECT OF LATITUDE ON THE CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD FOR DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Hegdekar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
H 20 ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe critical photoperiod for diapause induction in pupae of Mamestra configurata Walker in Manitoba was 16 h 06 min at Glenlea (49°38′ N), 16 h 20 min at Grandview (51°10′ N), and 16 h 42 min at Birch River (52°24′ N). The differences in cirtical photoperiods observed at Glenlea and Grandview were not significant. At least two different photoperiods exist, one in the Glenlea and Grandview areas and the other in the Birch River area. In the laboratory, the critical photoperiod was 13.5 h when larvae were exposed to a daily fluctuating temperature regime of 12 h at 25 °C and 12 h at 10 °C. Longer critical photoperiods found for the field populations may be related to the relatively low ambient temperatures to which the larvae were exposed in field cages.

EFFECTS OF AGE, EGG DEVELOPMENT, AND MATING ON CALLING BEHAVIOR OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE),

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Howlader ◽  
G.H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe effects of age, egg development, and mating on calling behavior of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, were studied at 20°C, 60% RH, and a 16-h L: 8-h D photoperiod. Most virgin females called and copulated for the first time during the second or third scotophase after emergence. The first copulation was 17.0 ± 0.2 h (mean±SE) long and was terminated within 1 h after lights off in the scotophase following the initiation of copulation. The ovaries contained the first chorionated eggs before the beginning of the second scotophase after emergence. The first egg laying occurred during the same scotophase in which the first copulation was terminated, i.e. scotophase three or four. Almost 75% of the eggs were laid by the end of the seventh scotophase after emergence. Mated females resumed calling after a refractory period of about 2 days. Once calling was resumed after copulation, most females laid eggs and called nightly, with egg laying occurring during the first 5–6 h and calling during the last 2–3 h of the scotophase. Mated females called for a shorter period during each scotophase than virgin females of the same age (1–3 h vs. 4–6 h). In virgin females, the diel periodicity of calling was advanced and the length of the daily calling period was increased with age until the seventh scotophase after emergence; thereafter, both remained relatively unchanged.

RESIDUES OF METHOMYL IN RAPE PLANT AND SEED FOLLOWING ITS APPLICATION FOR THE CONTROL OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1745-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. Lee ◽  
R. J. Ford ◽  
H. McDonald ◽  
K. S. McKinlay ◽  
L. G. Putnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rape Seed ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Rape Plant ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractResidues of methomyl in rape plants and seed were determined after its application for bertha armyworm control. In one experiment application of 3 oz of methomyl per acre left 17 p.p.m. residue on the rape plants immediately after application. This level rapidly declined to 1.5, 1.0, 0.4, and 0.2 p.p.m. 1, 2, 5, and 9 days later, respectively, and no residue was detected (less than 0.02 p.p.m.) in seed harvested 22 days after application of the toxicant. Rape plant samples collected from several farms immediately after the application of 3 to 4 oz of methomyl per acre had 2.5 to 16 p.p.m. residues, indicating inefficient application of the insecticide in some cases. Analysis of rape seed samples collected from 36 farms showed little residue in three samples (0.02 to 0.03 p.p.m.) and none in 33, indicating that the use of methomyl for bertha armyworm control is not likely to contaminate rape seed with undesirable levels of residues.

Mamestra configurata Walker, bertha armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

2009 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
P. G. Mason ◽  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
M. A. Erlandson ◽  
U. Kuhlmann ◽  
L. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

THE LIFE HISTORY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF BANCHUS FLAVESCENS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN WESTERN CANADA

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Arthur ◽  
P.G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Parasitoid Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractBanchus flavescens Cresson is the most abundant hymenopterous parasitoid of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, in western Canada. The females attack 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the host. The speed of parasitoid development is adjusted so that the 2nd instar is completed when the host finishes feeding. Banchus flavescens has an obligate diapause and overwinters as a prepupa within a cocoon in the soil. Notes on life history and descriptions of the egg and 5 larval instars of B. flavescens are given.

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