EFFECTS OF THE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUS) ON THE CAPTURE OF MOTHS IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS AND ON LARVAL DENSITY OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Male Moth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Valid Index ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe number of moths captured during short intervals in traps containing a sex attractant for males of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., is related to the stage of plant development in the fields of canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) in which the traps are placed. More moths were captured in fields with plants in the early bloom stage than in those with plants in earlier (leaf, bud) or later (late bloom, pod) stages of development. The effect of this relationship on the total number of moths captured in any field during the entire period of moth flight depended in part on the synchronization of crop development with moth flight. Neither the total number of moths captured per field nor larval density were significantly related to crop development because of high inter-field variability among groups of fields with similar patterns of crop development. Early-maturing fields contained older larvae than later-maturing fields so they should be sampled first to determine larval density and the need for insecticidal application. The estimated patterns of egg-laying were similar to those for male moth capture in early-, mid-, and late-flowering fields. Therefore, male moth captures in sex attractant traps provide a valid index to the abundance of female moths and their egg-laying activities.

PREDICTING LARVAL ABUNDANCE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WLK., IN MANITOBA FROM CATCHES OF MALE MOTHS IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Trap Field ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractTwo cone-orifice-type traps baited with (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (1.0 mg) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (0.05 mg) were placed in each of 5–13 canola (Brassica spp.) fields per year for 7 years at locations distributed throughout the area in Manitoba subject to outbreaks of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The number of male moths per trap varied from 0 to 821 in the 90 fields trapped. Larval density, in the trap fields and in 185 nearby canola fields, varied from 0 to 105 per square metre. There was a direct relationship between the number of moths per trap and the density of late-instar larvae (L4–L6) for the trap fields and for nearby (within 5 km) fields but variability was loo high to allow accurate prediction of larval densities for individual fields. However, the number of moths per trap could be used to predict the proportion of fields in the vicinity of the trap field that would have larval densities above the economic threshold. No fields with above-threshold larval densities occurred with captures of <20 moths per trap. The proportion of fields with larval densities above the economic threshold increased from 0.10 with 20–30 moths per trap, lo 0.19 with 30–60 moths per trap, 0.64 with 70–100 moths per trap, and 0.91 with over 100 moths per trap. Contamination of catches by non-target species of noctuid moths had insignificant effects on the accuracy of these predictions because even if they were misidentified as M. configurata the number of moths per trap changed only marginally. Populations of M. configurara were higher and local outbreaks occurred more frequently in canola-growing areas adjacent to morainic hills along the Manitoba Escarpment, whereas populations were low in areas of the Manitoba Lowlands and of the Western Uplands. A proposed monitoring system for M. configurata in Manitoba is described.

EFFECTS OF AGE, EGG DEVELOPMENT, AND MATING ON CALLING BEHAVIOR OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE),

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Howlader ◽  
G.H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe effects of age, egg development, and mating on calling behavior of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, were studied at 20°C, 60% RH, and a 16-h L: 8-h D photoperiod. Most virgin females called and copulated for the first time during the second or third scotophase after emergence. The first copulation was 17.0 ± 0.2 h (mean±SE) long and was terminated within 1 h after lights off in the scotophase following the initiation of copulation. The ovaries contained the first chorionated eggs before the beginning of the second scotophase after emergence. The first egg laying occurred during the same scotophase in which the first copulation was terminated, i.e. scotophase three or four. Almost 75% of the eggs were laid by the end of the seventh scotophase after emergence. Mated females resumed calling after a refractory period of about 2 days. Once calling was resumed after copulation, most females laid eggs and called nightly, with egg laying occurring during the first 5–6 h and calling during the last 2–3 h of the scotophase. Mated females called for a shorter period during each scotophase than virgin females of the same age (1–3 h vs. 4–6 h). In virgin females, the diel periodicity of calling was advanced and the length of the daily calling period was increased with age until the seventh scotophase after emergence; thereafter, both remained relatively unchanged.

A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS OF EXAMINING THE DENSITY OF LARVAE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA, IN FIELDS OF CANOLA (BRASSICA SPP.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock ◽  
R.J. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Metal Frame ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

The bertha armyworm, Mamestra conjigurata Wlk., is a polyphagous climbing cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) that attacks canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.) in the prairie provinces of Canada. Following the outbreaks of 1971–1974 (Turnock and Philip 1977), sampling methods to determine larval density in the field were developed by researchers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. The methods were basically similar, using a 3-sided metal frame to outline each 0.5-m2 sample unit, with the long side of the frame (1 m) parallel to the rows of the crop. The differences were in the way in which the plants and soil surface were searched for larvae. In Manitoba, the plants within each sampling unit were shaken by hand, then the soil surface was examined for larvae and earthen lumps and plant debris were moved to expose hidden larvae. In Saskatchewan, the plants were shaken, then cut near the base and discarded before the ground surface and debris were searched. In Alberta, the plants were cut near the base, then shaken over a sheet, and the sheet and ground surface were examined for larvae.

WITHIN PLANT PREFERENCES OF LARVAE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FEEDING ON OILSEED RAPE

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe order of feeding preference on plant parts of rape (Brassica napus L.) by sixth instar (L6) larvae of bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, in laboratory tests was leaves, bracts, immature pods, and mature pods. Field sampling showed that upper, immature pods are attacked with greater frequency than lower, more mature pods. In a greenhouse test, a slightly larger proportion of L6 larvae was recorded on inflorescences of rape plants during darkness than during light; the proportion of larvae found on the inflorescences was about 20%. Larvae pupated more quickly, formed heavier pupae, and gained more dry weight when fed exclusively from mid L4 on leaves than when fed mature or immature pods; mortality for larvae fed mature pods was 30% compared with none for larvae fed leaves or immature pods.The finding that pods are neither as preferred nor as adequate a dietary source as leaves is discussed in relation to the phenology of leaf retention of rape on the economic impact of bertha armyworm infestations.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), TO COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS OF BACILLUS THURMGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractCommercial Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.k.) (Dipel 132® and Thuricide 48 LV®) were bioassayed at 20 and 25°C against 3rd- (L3), 4th- (L4), 5th- (L5), and 6th- (L6) instar larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, on greenhouse-grown canola, Brassica napus L. cv. Westar. The L4 was the most susceptible stage to B.t.k. but it was much less susceptible than the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), a species against which this bacterium is currently used. The lethal time of B.t.k. to the larvae was inversely related to dosage applied. Younger instars (L3 to L4) were more sensitive to Dipel than older instars (L5 to L6) at 20°C but the reverse was true for Thuricide-treated larvae. All B.t.k. treatments reduced weight gain and frass deposition (by inference feeding activity) compared with untreated controls. The LC50 concentration of B.t.k. for larvae reduced survival to adult emergence by 87–100%.

Trap response of cutworm moths (Abagrotis orbis) to a sex-attractant lure in grape vineyards

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Landolt ◽  
D. Thomas Lowery ◽  
Lawrence C. Wright ◽  
Constance Smithhisler ◽  
Christelle Gúedot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
South Central ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Feltia Jaculifera ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractLarvae of Abagrotis orbis (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are climbing cutworms and can damage grapevines, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), in early spring by consuming expanding buds. A sex attractant would be useful for monitoring this insect in commercial vineyards. (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate were found in extracts of female abdominal tips. In multiple field experiments, male A. orbis were captured in traps baited with a combination of these two chemicals but not in traps baited with either chemical alone. Males were trapped from mid-September to early October in south-central Washington and south-central British Columbia. Other noctuid moths (Mamestra configurata Walker, Xestia c-nigrum (L.), and Feltia jaculifera (Guenée)) were also captured in traps baited with the A. orbis pheromone and may complicate the use of this lure to monitor A. orbis. Abagrotis discoidalis (Grote) was captured in traps baited with (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate but not in traps baited with the two chemicals together.

FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THE WHITE CUTWORM, EUXOA SCANDENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103
Author(s):  
D. G. R. McLeod ◽  
T. Nagai ◽  
A. N. Starratt ◽  
C. Bonenfant ◽  
E. W. Rud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Insecticide Control

The white cutworm, Euxoa scandens (Riley), is a sporadic pest of tobacco in Quebec (Mailloux and Desrosiers 1978), asparagus in Michigan (A. L. Wells, pers. comm.), and other vegetable crops grown in light sandy soils (Beirne 1971). The immature larvae overwinter and cause serious damage when they resume feeding in the spring (Hudson and Wood 1930). Moths emerge and oviposit from late June until late July (McLeod and Dupré 1981). An efficient monitoring method utilizing the female sex pheromone would be an important aid in estimating the size and distribution of the adult population and would help in planning insecticide control. We report here some results of electroantennogram screening of potential sex attractants and the results of field tests of the most active of these.

Effects of some crop management practices on reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Brassica napus

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Christopher Steel ◽  
John Kirkegaard ◽  
Rod McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Soil Temperatures

AbstractThe effects of seed treatments with pesticides, soil temperature at sowing, cutting of plants with and without glyphosate herbicide, root disruption and age of crop at inoculation on reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on Brassica napus were investigated. When inoculated at sowing, plants grown from fodder rape cv. Rangi seed treated with fenamiphos (0.35 g a.i. per 100 g) and from fodder swede cv. Highlander seed with a coating including imidacloprid had fewer galls than plants from seed untreated or treated with omethoate (0.7 g a.i. per 100 g). When nematode inoculation was delayed until 4 weeks after sowing, omethoate and the imadacloprid treatments had no effect while fenamiphos (0.7 g a.i. per 100 g seed) suppressed galling but also impaired seedling emergence and induced chlorosis. Green manure rape plants cvs Rangi and Humus transplanted into infested soil in the field in mid-autumn (soil temperature 17°C) remained nematode and gall-free, but tomato cv. Grosse Lisse plants were heavily galled. All three cultivars were gall-free when transplanted and grown in early winter (soil temperatures 8-14°C). Cutting off the tops of cv. Rangi plants at from 6 to 11 weeks after sowing and inoculation had no effect on egg production compared to that on intact plants. Predominant nematode stages in cut plants ranged from developing juveniles to egg-laying females. Application of glyphosate to freshly cut stems had no effect on egg production at any stage. Infesting soil with roots of cv. Rangi, finely chopped while nematodes in them were still juveniles, resulted in a low incidence of infection of bioassay tomato plants compared with infesting soil with rape roots chopped later, when females and females with eggs predominated. Young females in tomato roots laid eggs despite fine chopping of the roots. When cv. Rangi plants were inoculated at 3, 5 and 7 weeks after sowing, the 7-week-old plants were the least invaded and fewer eggs were produced on the 5 and 7-week-old plants than on the 3-week-old ones.

SURVIVAL OF PUPAE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND TWO OF ITS PARASITES IN UNTILLED AND TILLED SOIL

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
R.J. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Athrycia Cinerea

AbstractThe survival of Mamestra configurata Wlk. was determined from autumn and spring samples in 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1981/82 taken from unfilled and tilled portions of 12 fields of canola (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). Survival from the pre-pupal stage in the autumn to post-diapause pupae in the spring varied from 2.9 to 56.5% in unfilled soil and from 0 to 25.4% in tilled soil. In untilled soil, the variations among fields in total mortality of M. configurata were related to parasitism by Banchus flavescens and to overwintering mortality. In tilled soil, overwintering mortality accounted for most of the variability in total mortality among fields. The percentage of mortality from injury to pupae, and their disappearance following tillage, greatly increased but this type of mortality did not account for much of the variability in total mortality. The disappearance of pupae following tillage was attributed to predation. In both untilled and tilled soils, the amount of overwintering mortality was related to the depth of accumulated snow, and mortality was lower in untilled soil because the stubble trapped more snow. The survival of M. configurata was not related to soil type, the type of tillage equipment, or the frequency of tillage. The number of adults emerging from untilled and tilled soil in one field were 2.58 and 0.27/m2 for M. configurata, 5.22 and 2.85/m2 for the parasite B. flavescens, and 4.46 and 3.60/m2 for the parasite Athrycia cinerea, indicating that the survival of the parasites was less affected by tillage than that of their host.Tillage may reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks of M. configurata not only by increasing mortality but also by differentially affecting the survival of its main parasites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document