ANAPHES SORDIDATUS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE), AN EGG PARASITE OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (LE CONTE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Egg Parasite ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Seeding Time ◽  
Carrot Weevil

The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (Le Conte), is an important pest of carrot and celery in eastern Canada (Stevenson 1985). In Quebec, it is univoltine and overwinters as adults (Boivin 1985). At present, the only way to control this pest is with chemical insecticides applied either as granules at seeding time to control the larvae or as foliar sprays to control the adults before they start to oviposit. If integrated pest management (IPM) programs are to be applied to crops attacked by the carrot weevil, additional control methods are needed.

scholarly journals A volatile compound 2undecanone increases walking but not flying tomato potato psyllid movement toward an odour source

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
N.M. Taylor ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
C.E. Sansom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
Important Pest

Bactericera cockerelli (tomato potato psyllid; TPP) is an important pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand and North America A volatile compound that alters the behaviour of TPP could be developed into a component of an integrated pest management strategy for solanaceous crops One compound 2undecanone was found to increase the percentages of female and male TPP (65 P

Degree-day models to predict carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) emergence and oviposition in Nova Scotia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-388
Author(s):  
Suzanne Blatt ◽  
Deney Augustine Joseph ◽  
G. Christopher Cutler ◽  
A. Randall Olson ◽  
Scott White
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Hill Equation ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil

AbstractCarrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a pest of carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus Hoffmann; Apiaceae) throughout eastern Canada. Carrot weevil emergence and oviposition were monitored in commercial carrot fields in Nova Scotia. Cumulative degree days were calculated using a base temperature of 7 °C (DD7), and models were developed to predict cumulative emergence and oviposition using nonlinear regression. Cumulative emergence and oviposition were adequately explained as functions of DD7 by a three-parameter sigmoidal Hill equation. Our emergence model predicted initial and peak adult emergence at 35 and 387 DD7, respectively, with oviposition on carrot baits occurring as early as 42 DD7. Models were then validated to evaluate how well they performed. Oviposition on carrot plants began at the fourth true-leaf stage (342 DD7) and continued until eleventh true-leaf stage. Growers using these models can identify their window of opportunity to manage their carrot weevil populations targeting the majority of emerged adults before oviposition begins in the field.

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Horne ◽  
Jessica Page
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Cultural Changes

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures describes in straightforward language what is required for farmers to successfully implement Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in cropping and grazing operations. It explains the differences between conventional pesticide-based controls and IPM, and demonstrates the advantages of IPM. Effective control of pests depends on a number of approaches, not just chemical or genetic engineering. The opening chapters cover the different approaches to pest management, and the importance of identification and monitoring of pests and beneficials. Most farmers and advisors can identify major pests but would struggle to recognise a range of beneficial species. Without this information it is impossible to make appropriate decisions on which control methods to use, especially where pests are resistant to insecticides. The book goes on to deal with the control methods: biological, cultural and chemical. The biological control agents discussed include both native and introduced species that attack pests. Cultural changes that have led to an increase in the incidence or severity of pest attack are also examined. The chapter on chemical control describes the different ways chemicals can affect beneficial species, also detailing acute, sub-lethal and transient toxicities of pesticides, drawing on examples from horticulture where necessary. Finally, the authors bring all the components of integrated pest management together and show farmers how to put their IPM plan into action.

scholarly journals Agricultural pest control programmes, food security and safety

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6582-6592
Author(s):  
SC Eze ◽  
◽  
BC Echezona
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pest Control Methods

Agricultural pest management control strategies are primarily concerned with food security and safety. Popular pest control methods include application of synthetic pesticides, biopesticides (plant extracts), non-chemical pest management and integrated pest management (IPM). The resistance of some of the pests to the chemical pesticides, coupled with potential health hazards on the environment gave birth to a search for botanicals as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Botanicals as biopesticides were, though effective but their shelf lives and specific actions on the target organisms have not been determined. Non-chemical pest control methods involve common cultural practices which include crop rotation, tillage, and varying time of planting or harvesting, trap cropping which appear to be the best in terms of food safety and quality but the ability of this approach to reduce pest population may be minimal. Because no single pest control method can guarantee food security and safety, integrated pest management (IPM) approach appears to hold promise. The IPM is an ecologically based approach that combines all the available pest control methods to manage pest damage by the most economical means, with the fewest possible hazards to life, property and environment. However, this review shows that the impact of integrated pest management in the rural farm communities is low. In an era of growing consumer awareness and sophistication, food quality is being emphasized. Food safety means that the agro-products should be free from pesticide residues:- therefore, aspects of farm management such as sources of seeds and seedlings, pests and weed elimination, pesticide application dates, dates and amount of fertilization, harvesting or post harvest treatments and basic information regarding the individual farmer or marketing agents activities should be certified before consuming agricultural products. Federal governments especially in developing countries are advised to mount regulating Agencies that will be responsible for a number of activities that contribute to food security and safety, water quality and pesticide applicator training as practiced in the United States of America, India and Indonesia. The agencies will ensure that the public is protected from potential health risks posed by pesticide treated foods.

scholarly journals Can Bacillus thuringiensis affect the biological variables of natural enemies of Lepidoptera?

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Aparecida Salis de Carvalho ◽  
Daniel Júnior Martins ◽  
Isadora Mileny Costa de Brito ◽  
Sebastião Lourenço de Assis Júnior ◽  
Marcus Alvarenga Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

ABSTRACT: The entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is widely used as one of the ingredients in pest control formulations, but researches conducted on its effect on non-target organisms are still in the nascent stage. This investigation aimed to uncover if Bt treated with Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and pupae could affect the biological variables of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), all of which established natural enemies of leaf defoliator caterpillars in the eucalyptus culture. Larvae of T. molitor were fed on wheat bran containing different concentrations of B. thuringiensis (0.00; 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 2.00 and 4.00 g Agree/kg bran). When the larvae attained size of about 2 cm, they were used as prey for P. nigrispinus (Bioassay I), and their pupae used as hosts for P. elaeisis (Bioassay II). Only the biological variables oviposition period and egg numbers by posture of the predator P. nigrispinus were altered. The biological variables of P. elaeisis were not altered, since it was possible to use these control methods within the integrated pest management.

scholarly journals Attraction ofTomicus yunnanensis(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Yunnan Pine Logs with and without Periderm or Phloem: An Effective Monitoring Bait

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Chun Lu ◽  
Hong Bin Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
John A. Byers ◽  
You Ju Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Selection Of

The Yunnan pine shoot beetle,Tomicus yunnanensisKirkendall and Faccoli (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is an important pest of Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensisFranch) in China. Experiments with host log baits were done to develop a pest monitoring system using host tree kairomone. Five Yunnan pine logs (each 10–15 cm diam. × 30-cm long) in a trap-log bundle were treated by peeling periderm (outer bark) off to expose the phloem, and half of each log was covered with sticky adhesive to capture any attracted adult beetles. Significantly, more beetles were attracted and caught on the periderm-peeled logs (ca 30 beetles/m2log surface/day) than on untreated control logs with adhesive (ca 2.5/m2/day). No significant differences were observed between catches on logs taken from lower or upper halves of Yunnan pines.T. yunnanensisflies mostly during the afternoon according to trap catches throughout the day. Attraction to the periderm-peeled logs decreased considerably when they were peeled further to remove the phloem, indicating phloem volatiles play a role in selection of the host by the beetle. The readily-available log baits appear useful for monitoring pine shoot beetle populations in integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of a nematode castrator of the carrot weevil and impact on fecundity and survival

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie-Ève Gagnon ◽  
Guy Boivin ◽  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Benjamin Mimee
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Parasitic Castration ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unique Potential

AbstractBradynema listronoti is a parasitic nematode described from infected specimens of the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis. Prevalence of infection by B. listronoti under field conditions was followed over a period of 16 years in an untreated carrot field. Susceptibility of different carrot weevil life stages was evaluated as well as the impact of infection on fecundity and mortality. Gene expression in infected and uninfected carrot weevils was also compared to evaluate the impact of the parasite on the host transcriptome. Prevalence of B. listronoti in carrot weevil populations was sustained over the years ranging from 20 to 63%. All the weevil stages exposed to B. listronoti inoculum were susceptible to infection, larvae being more vulnerable (59 ± 8% infected) compared with pupae (4 ± 3% infected) and adults (7 ± 3% infected). The fecundity of infected female weevils was greatly reduced (60-fold) due to an inhibition of the maturation of the reproductive system. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that this parasitic castration may have been triggered by the inhibition of reproductive hormone production. The B. listronoti–L. oregonensis interaction represents a case of parasitic castration with a unique potential for biological control of an important pest of carrots.

scholarly journals Developing an Integrated Pest Management for the Control of Groundnut Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) [Homoptera: Aphididae] in Ganye Area Adamawa State-Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Oaya C. S.
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Physical Control ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Number Of Branches

Field experiment was carried out under rain-fed conditions during the 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, solely to develop an integrated pest management for the control of groundnut Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) [Homoptera: Aphididae]. The experimental Design used was the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Parameters measured were, average number of leaves per plot at 6 weeks after sowing, number of branches at 3 weeks after sowing, number of branches at 6 weeks after sowing, number of pods per plot, weight of harvested seeds per plot. The result obtained shows that, there was significant difference among the treatments in all the parameters measured at 0.05 level of probability using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). According to the results recorded, the highest mean yield of groundnut was obtained on plots treated with the combination of chemical and physical control methods (1444g) followed by plots treated with physical, chemical and cultural control methods combined (1296g). The highest mean number of pods per plant was recorded in the combination of physical, chemical and cultural control methods (18.00) followed by chemical and physical control methods as combined (15.00). The work shows that, the cultivation of groundnut with the control of groundnut Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) using integrated pest control applied as recommended facilitates better growth and guarantees good crop yield. The use of physical, chemical and cultural control method is profitable in Ganye Area of Adamawa State and is therefore suggested for use to local farmers.

Evaluating the current integrated pest management recommendations in Canada for carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and carrot rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-405
Author(s):  
Zachariah Telfer ◽  
Jason Lemay ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald ◽  
Cynthia Scott-Dupree
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Carrot Weevil ◽  
Management Recommendations

AbstractThe primary insect pests in Canadian carrot production are carrot rust fly (Psila rosae (Fabricius); Diptera: Psilidae) and carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte); Coleoptera: Curculionidae). An integrated pest management programme for these pests exists in Québec and Ontario, where most Canadian carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffmann) Schübler and Martens; Apiaceae) production occurs. As current carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations are decades old, laboratory and field trials were performed to evaluate the carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations. Carrot weevil populations were evaluated in the laboratory for resistance to the primary product used for control, phosmet. Ontario carrot weevils exhibited negligible mortality when exposed to phosmet compared with > 80% mortality in a susceptible strain. Using data from a carrot integrated pest management programme, weather data was correlated with monitoring and damage data of both pests from historical records. Increased carrot weevil captures were weakly related to increased damage. Carrot weevil damage was reduced by following integrated pest management recommendations in one of three trials. No strong relationship between weather and carrot rust fly captures was identified, suggesting the degree day model for carrot rust fly activity needs revision. In field trials, carrot rust fly damage was negligible despite integrated pest management recommendations for insecticide applications. Future research should include improving carrot weevil monitoring and control and increasing the carrot rust fly action threshold to optimise insecticide applications.

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