TOXICITY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI TO AQUATIC INSECTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Eidt
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Spray Rate

AbstractRepresentative aquatic insects, larvae of Simuliidae, Chironomidae, Trichoptera, Megaloptera, and nymphs of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, were tested for susceptibility to continuous exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki at 4.3, 43, and 430 IU/mL. Only Simulium vittatum was affected, and at the highest concentration. Effects on other organisms, particularly Prosimulium fuscum/mixtum, were suggested. The lowest of the concentrations tested was twice the worst-case transitory concentration peaks expected in water from aerial forest spraying at 30 BIU/ha. Spray buffer zones around water bodies are unnecessary at this spray rate.

The Effect of Seston on Mortality of Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Insecticidal Proteins Produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Iburg ◽  
Elmer W. Gray ◽  
Roger D. Wyatt ◽  
Julia E. Cox ◽  
Robert A. Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp

HIGH-DOSAGE TREATMENT OF A QUEBEC STREAM WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SEROVAR. ISRAELENSIS: EFFICACY AGAINST BLACK FLY LARVAE (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND IMPACT ON NON-TARGET INSECTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1523-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Back ◽  
J. Boisvert ◽  
J.O. Lacoursière ◽  
G. Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Drifting Larvae

AbstractA typical lake outlet of the Canadian Shield was treated for 15 min with a high dose (5.28 g/L s−1 of discharge) of Teknar®, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis. Efficacy on Simuliidae larvae and impact on non-target aquatic insects of this stream were monitored using drift nets, counting plates, and artificial turf substrates along a 1000-m section downstream of the site of application. Compared with a 4-day pre-treatment average for 12-h sampling periods, drift of Simuliidae increased from 64 to 92 ×, with shorter peaks of 133–184 ×, 2–6 h after treatment. There was no evident drift increase in larvae of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Chironomidae, or dipterous pupae, but larvae of Blephariceridae (Diptera) were severely affected as their drift was increased by up to 50 × and remained high for 3 days. After 30 h the mortality of Simuliidae on counting plates ranged from 95 to 82% in the first 300 m, with detachment rates of 78.5–46.5%. Densities of non-target insect larvae were not reduced on the artificial substrates, except for 2 genera of Chironomidae (Eukiefferella and Polypedilum) which were reduced 26 to 39% of their original density. Drifting larvae of 1 chironomid genus (Phaenopsectra) also showed symptoms of toxemia by B.t.i. The main impact of the treatment was thus seen in 2 Nematocera families (Chironomidae and Blephariceridae) which were mainly exposed to B.t.i. sedimented on the bottom of the stream or attached to periphyton growing on rocks.

scholarly journals Land characterisation for soil-based constructed wetlands: Adapting investigation methods to design objectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petitjean ◽  
N. Forquet ◽  
J.-M. Choubert ◽  
M. Coquery ◽  
M. Bouyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Buffer zones between wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies have recently gained interest in France. These soil-based constructed wetland (SBCW) systems receive treated wastewater and may have various designs aiming to mimic ‘natural’ wetlands. Research is needed to assess the treatment efficiency of such systems. To this aim, a comprehensive study is carried out to understand the fate of water, conventional pollutants (suspended solids, organic carbon, ammonium, and phosphates), micro-pollutants that are refractory to up-stream biological treatment, and pathogens. Special attention must be paid to understand the fate of the infiltrated treated wastewater in the field where systems are built, in order to ensure their long-term operation and to protect the underground water bodies. To address these issues, we propose a comprehensive strategy combining successive steps using either geological or hydrological methods. It provides the following prominent information for a proper design of SBCW: (1) the number and the location of the different soil layers; (2) the infiltration capacity of each layer; (3) the water table depth. The paper presents a successful application of the proposed strategy to evaluate the fate of the infiltrated treated wastewater before the implementation of a semi-industrial scale SBCW in Bègles (France). Moreover, methods used for long-term efficiency assessment are introduced.

scholarly journals Aquatic Insects Diversity and Water Quality Assessment of a Tropical Freshwater Pond in Benin City, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136
Author(s):  
B.O. Komolafe ◽  
T.O.T. Imoobe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Freshwater Pond

Aquatic insects are species of significant importance to water bodies because they serve various purposes including nutrient cycling, vectors of  pathogens and bioindicators of water quality. Analyzing their community structure is a veritable tool in studies of biodiversity and quality of limnetic  ecosystems. Therefore, we investigaTed the health status of a pond in Benin City, Nigeria using insect’s abundance, composition, distribution and physicochemical parameters of the waterbody. Insects were sampled using sweep nets and identified to the species level while water samples were collected and analyzed using in-situ and ex-situ methods to determine the physicochemical properties in three sampling stations. The results of the physicochemical assessment of the water indicated that conditions did not differ widely between sites (P > 0.05) except for total alkalinity, and the recorded values were well within the ambient FMEnv permissible limits for surface water except for dissolved oxygen,turbidity and phosphate. A total of 10 insect taxa, comprising of 103 individuals in 2 orders were recorded in the study and among the orders, Hemiptera comprised of 7 species and Coleoptera comprised of 3 species. Majority of the insect fauna found in this study are typically found in similar water bodies in the tropics. However, the obsereved insect community structure revealed a relatively low taxa richness with a dominance of pollution-resistant species which suggests a moderately polluted condition of the waterbody. Keywords: Aquatic insects, bioindicators, biodiversity, water quality, pond.

scholarly journals Environmental heterogeneity at different scales: key factors affecting caddisfly larvae assemblages in standing waters within a lowland river catchment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Buczyńska ◽  
Stanisław Czachorowski ◽  
Paweł Buczyński ◽  
Joanna Pakulnicka ◽  
Edyta Stępień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Caddisfly Larvae ◽  
Standing Waters ◽  
Different Levels

<p>We examined the importance of environmental parameters at different spatial scales influencing the occurrence of caddisfly larvae at different levels of their organization (species, faunistic metrics and functional groups) in lentic floodplain waters, in order to gain information on the ecological status and management of a small lowland river catchment. <br />At the lowest spatial level – pH, sediment grain size, insolation and the presence of aquatic macrophytes proved significant for caddisfly larvae, at higher and the highest level (including buffer zones and the catchment) – the surface areas of watercourses and the river, distance from standing waters and distance from broadleaf forests, respectively. Rheophilous hydropsychids accounted for 17% of the whole fauna of the examined water bodies. They spread from the river via water during flood in the spring. We also detected some significant correlations between functional groups of caddisfly larvae and parameters describing buffer zones and the river catchment against the sub-catchment type use. Information provided by the Caddisfly Habitat Index showed an overall  good ecological status of the river-floodplain. Caddisfly larvae may be good indicators of numerous factors and processes, but they should be studied comprehensively, at different levels of organization. Our results can be useful for preservation of biodiversity and management of river valleys. We suggest: 1) maintaining the varied structure of aquatic macrophytes in water bodies, 2) securing the long-term presence of broadleaf trees in buffer zones in order to provide detritus input, varied insolation and shelter for caddisflies, 3) limiting drainage activities in the river valley in order to save varied habitats, especially temporary ones, 4) providing heterogeneous landscape in the river catchment (homogenous land use is inappropriate). </p>

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