scholarly journals AGE-DEPENDENT ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING BY EXERISTES ROBORATOR (F.) (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Wardle ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Rate Intensity ◽  
Short Time

AbstractFemales of the polyphagous ichneumonid parasitoid, Exeristes roborator (F.), that were conditioned for 10 days to hosts in a specific habitat demonstrated associative learning by responding with ovipositor probes into the habitat alone. Females conditioned immediately after eclosion showed a higher participation rate, intensity, and duration (approximately 7 days) of learned behavior than those conditioned 5 or 10 days after eclosion, despite the fact that newly eclosed females did not probe for hosts with their ovipositors until 4 or 5 days after eclosion. The reduction in the learning ability of females within a short time after eclosion may impart a selective advantage to E. roborator by reducing the costs of learning. It could also reflect developmental constraints on the process of learning. The results suggest that carefully controlled associative learning could be exploited to improve the efficiency of host location by parasitoids released in biological-control programs.

scholarly journals No sex differences in learning in wild bumblebees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Muth ◽  
Amber D Tripodi ◽  
Rene Bonilla ◽  
James P Strange ◽  
Anne S Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Comparative Cognition ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Females and males often face different sources of selection, resulting in dimorphism in morphological, physiological, and even cognitive traits. Sex differences are often studied in respect to spatial cognition, yet the different ecological roles of males and females might shape cognition in multiple ways. For example, in dietary generalist bumblebees (Bombus), the ability to learn associations is critical to female workers, who face informationally rich foraging scenarios as they collect nectar and pollen from thousands of flowers over a period of weeks to months to feed the colony. While male bumblebees likely need to learn associations as well, they only forage for themselves while searching for potential mates. It is thus less clear whether foraging males would benefit from the same associative learning performance as foraging females. In this system, as in others, cognitive performance is typically studied in lab-reared animals under captive conditions, which may not be representative of patterns in the wild. In the first test of sex and species differences in cognition using wild bumblebees, we compared the performance of Bombus vancouverensis nearcticus (formerly bifarius) and Bombus vosnesenskii of both sexes on an associative learning task at Sierra Nevada (CA) field sites. Across both species, we found that males and females did not differ in their ability to learn, although males were slower to respond to the sucrose reward. These results offer the first evidence from natural populations that male bumblebees may be equally as able to learn associations as females, supporting findings from captive colonies of commercial bees. The observed interspecific variation in learning ability opens the door to using the Bombus system to test hypotheses about comparative cognition.

scholarly journals Problems and Countermeasures in the Process of Applying Multimedia Technology in Basketball Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bixia Yan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Multimedia Technology ◽  
Teaching Environment ◽  
Multimedia Teaching ◽  
Multimedia Environment ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Development Trend

Nowadays, there are few researches on using multimedia animation technology to assist basketball tactics teaching and training in college physical education. The research of multimedia animation assisting basketball tactics teaching can help promote the current teaching mode, teaching environment, and teaching methods. From the perspective of the development trend of modern education and the benefits of multimedia technology in physical education teaching, this article demonstrates the inevitability of applying multimedia technology in college basketball teaching and demonstrates the feasibility of implementing multimedia physical education in colleges and universities from the three aspects of multimedia teaching environment, teacher teaching ability analyzes the factors that affect the effect of multimedia-assisted teaching. Students’ acceptance characteristics of the multimedia environment are obtained. Relevant research results and suggestions on the use of multimedia animation in basketball tactics teaching will be submitted. Research shows the ability and student’s learning ability. It analyzes the effects of multimedia-assisted teaching in basketball tactics. In this article, at 84% of teachers feel that multimedia-assisted teaching is better. However, some objective factors restrict teachers’ use of multimedia-assisted teaching methods. Among them, poor production technology and inconvenient use are the main factors that teachers think affect the application of multimedia-assisted teaching methods in actual teaching, and these influencing factors are difficult to eliminate in a short time.

scholarly journals Strain differences rather than species differences contribute to variation in associative learning ability in Nasonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Maartje Liefting ◽  
Lisa Verwoerd ◽  
Myrthe L. Dekker ◽  
Katja M. Hoedjes ◽  
Jacintha Ellers
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Learning Ability

Construction of a Molecular Learning Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-918
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Shirakawa ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Learning ability in unicellular organisms has been studied since the first half of the 20th century, but there is still no clear evidence of unicellular learning. Based on results from previous associative learning experiments using thePhysarumplasmodium, a gene regulatory network model of unicellular learning was constructed. The model demonstrates that, in principle, unicellular learning can be achieved through the cooperation of several biomolecules.

Comparative Learning Ability of Selected Fishes

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Coble ◽  
Gordon B. Farabee ◽  
Richard O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Better Than

Fourteen species of freshwater fish were trained to execute a simple conditioned response in a shuttle box – to move in response to light to avoid an electrical shock. There was no relation between learning ability and phylogenetic position. Better learners included striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bigmouth buffalo (Ictiohus cyprinellus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and northern pike (Esoxlucius) were poor learners. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zilli) could not be trained. Some fish retained their learned behavior for months, although performance deteriorated with time. Older channel catfish learned better than juveniles, but there was no difference between juvenile and older largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Temperature (18–28 °C) and feeding level (ranging from starvation for 25 d to ad libitum) did not affect learning of channel catfish, but the protozoan disease, ichthyophthiriasis, and perhaps our treatment of fish for the disease retarded it.

scholarly journals Regulatory and sequence evolution in response to selection for improved associative learning ability in Nasonia vitripennis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Kraaijeveld ◽  
Vicencio Oostra ◽  
Maartje Liefting ◽  
Bregje Wertheim ◽  
Emile de Meijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals A Test-and-Not-Treat Strategy for Onchocerciasis Elimination in Loa loa–coendemic Areas: Cost Analysis of a Pilot in the Soa Health District, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1628-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edeltraud J Lenk ◽  
Henri C Moungui ◽  
Michel Boussinesq ◽  
Joseph Kamgno ◽  
Hugues C Nana-Djeunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Health District ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Safe Strategy ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Severe adverse events after treatment with ivermectin in individuals with high levels of Loa loa microfilariae in the blood preclude onchocerciasis elimination through community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) in Central Africa. We measured the cost of a community-based pilot using a test-and-not-treat (TaNT) strategy in the Soa health district in Cameroon. Methods Based on actual expenditures, we empirically estimated the economic cost of the Soa TaNT campaign, including financial costs and opportunity costs that will likely be borne by control programs and stakeholders in the future. In addition to the empirical analyses, we estimated base-case, less intensive, and more intensive resource use scenarios to explore how costs might differ if TaNT were implemented programmatically. Results The total costs of US$283 938 divided by total population, people tested, and people treated with 42% coverage were US$4.0, US$9.2, and US$9.5, respectively. In programmatic implementation, these costs (base-case estimates with less and more intensive scenarios) could be US$2.2 ($1.9–$3.6), US$5.2 ($4.5–$8.3), and US$5.4 ($4.6–$8.6), respectively. Conclusions TaNT clearly provides a safe strategy for large-scale ivermectin treatment and overcomes a major obstacle to the elimination of onchocerciasis in areas coendemic for Loa loa. Although it is more expensive than standard CDTI, costs vary depending on the setting, the implementation choices made by the institutions involved, and the community participation rate. Research on the required duration of TaNT is needed to improve the affordability assessment, and more experience is needed to understand how to implement TaNT optimally.

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