Intrinsically Stretchable Carbon Nanotube Synaptic Transistors with Associative Learning Ability and Mechanical Deformation Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Huang ◽  
Yarong Wang ◽  
Yiming Zhang ◽  
Dexing Liu ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Deformation Response

scholarly journals No sex differences in learning in wild bumblebees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Muth ◽  
Amber D Tripodi ◽  
Rene Bonilla ◽  
James P Strange ◽  
Anne S Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Comparative Cognition ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Females and males often face different sources of selection, resulting in dimorphism in morphological, physiological, and even cognitive traits. Sex differences are often studied in respect to spatial cognition, yet the different ecological roles of males and females might shape cognition in multiple ways. For example, in dietary generalist bumblebees (Bombus), the ability to learn associations is critical to female workers, who face informationally rich foraging scenarios as they collect nectar and pollen from thousands of flowers over a period of weeks to months to feed the colony. While male bumblebees likely need to learn associations as well, they only forage for themselves while searching for potential mates. It is thus less clear whether foraging males would benefit from the same associative learning performance as foraging females. In this system, as in others, cognitive performance is typically studied in lab-reared animals under captive conditions, which may not be representative of patterns in the wild. In the first test of sex and species differences in cognition using wild bumblebees, we compared the performance of Bombus vancouverensis nearcticus (formerly bifarius) and Bombus vosnesenskii of both sexes on an associative learning task at Sierra Nevada (CA) field sites. Across both species, we found that males and females did not differ in their ability to learn, although males were slower to respond to the sucrose reward. These results offer the first evidence from natural populations that male bumblebees may be equally as able to learn associations as females, supporting findings from captive colonies of commercial bees. The observed interspecific variation in learning ability opens the door to using the Bombus system to test hypotheses about comparative cognition.

scholarly journals Strain differences rather than species differences contribute to variation in associative learning ability in Nasonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Maartje Liefting ◽  
Lisa Verwoerd ◽  
Myrthe L. Dekker ◽  
Katja M. Hoedjes ◽  
Jacintha Ellers
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Learning Ability

Construction of a Molecular Learning Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-918
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Shirakawa ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Learning ability in unicellular organisms has been studied since the first half of the 20th century, but there is still no clear evidence of unicellular learning. Based on results from previous associative learning experiments using thePhysarumplasmodium, a gene regulatory network model of unicellular learning was constructed. The model demonstrates that, in principle, unicellular learning can be achieved through the cooperation of several biomolecules.

Nano Electro Mechanics of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Peng ◽  
K. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
First Principles Calculations

The effect of a flattening distortion on the electronic properties of a semiconducting carbon nanotube is investigated through first-principles calculations. As a function of the mechanical deformation, electronic bandgap is reduced leading to a semiconductor-metal transition. However, further deformation reopens the bandgap and induces a metal-semiconductor transition. The semiconductor–metal transitions take place as a result of curvature-induced hybridization effects, and this finding can be applied to develop novel nano electro mechanical systems.

scholarly journals AGE-DEPENDENT ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING BY EXERISTES ROBORATOR (F.) (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Wardle ◽  
J.H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Rate Intensity ◽  
Short Time

AbstractFemales of the polyphagous ichneumonid parasitoid, Exeristes roborator (F.), that were conditioned for 10 days to hosts in a specific habitat demonstrated associative learning by responding with ovipositor probes into the habitat alone. Females conditioned immediately after eclosion showed a higher participation rate, intensity, and duration (approximately 7 days) of learned behavior than those conditioned 5 or 10 days after eclosion, despite the fact that newly eclosed females did not probe for hosts with their ovipositors until 4 or 5 days after eclosion. The reduction in the learning ability of females within a short time after eclosion may impart a selective advantage to E. roborator by reducing the costs of learning. It could also reflect developmental constraints on the process of learning. The results suggest that carefully controlled associative learning could be exploited to improve the efficiency of host location by parasitoids released in biological-control programs.

scholarly journals Regulatory and sequence evolution in response to selection for improved associative learning ability in Nasonia vitripennis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Kraaijeveld ◽  
Vicencio Oostra ◽  
Maartje Liefting ◽  
Bregje Wertheim ◽  
Emile de Meijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Selection For

Visuospatial memory and learning in first-episode schizophreniform psychosis and established schizophrenia: a functional correlate of hippocampal pathology?

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. WOOD ◽  
T. PROFFITT ◽  
K. MAHONY ◽  
D. J. SMITH ◽  
J.-A. BUCHANAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
The Right

Background. Despite a number of studies that have indicated impaired memory function in patients with schizophrenia, there have been few that have used a sensitive measure of right medial temporal lobe pathology. Given the reported findings of reduced hippocampal volume in schizophrenia, we used a theoretically sensitive test of the right medial temporal lobe to determine the nature of the visuospatial memory deficit in the disorder.Methods. Seventy-six patients (37 with a first-episode schizophreniform psychosis, and 39 with established schizophrenia) were compared with 41 comparison subjects on a number of tests of visuospatial memory. These included spatial working memory, spatial and pattern recognition memory and a pattern-location associative learning test.Results. Both patient groups displayed recognition memory deficits when compared to the comparison group. However, only those patients with established schizophrenia (of 9 years duration on average) were impaired on the associative learning test.Conclusions. The results indicate either a progressive decline in visuospatial associative learning ability over the course of the disorder, or that poor visuospatial associative learning is a marker for poor prognosis. In addition, these results have implications for our understanding of the role of the right medial temporal lobe in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Exploratory behaviour is not related to associative learning ability in the carabid beetle Nebria brevicollis

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 104224
Author(s):  
Ciaran Harris ◽  
Jannis Liedtke ◽  
Claudia Drees ◽  
Wiebke Schuett
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour
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