VARIATION AMONG INDIVIDUALS AND THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FOOD CONSUMPTION AND REPRODUCTION IN THE COCKROACH, PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (ORTHOPTERA: BLATTIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. David Rollo ◽  
Marvin W. Gunderman
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Individual Adult

AbstractLong term daily feeding in individual adult males and females of Periplaneta americana (L.) was quantified using a standardized diet. There was considerable variation among days, probably related to digestive processes with a period greater than 1 day. Female feeding was correlated with the reproductive cycle, most feeding occurring during the first few days after depositing an oötheca. Females differed with respect to the length of their reproductive cycles, and the amount of food that was accumulated prior to producing an oötheca. Females with high feeding rates produced oöthecae at a faster rate, but they were less efficient at converting food into oöthecal biomass than females that ate more slowly. A decrease in temperature from 25 °C to 20 °C more than doubled the length of the reproductive cycle, but the amount of food accumulated during inter-ovipositional intervals and the size of the oöthecae were not affected.

Asynchronous spermatogenesis and biennial female cycle of the viviparous lizard Phymaturus antofagastensis (Liolaemidae): reproductive responses to high altitudes and temperate climate of Catamarca, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Ibargüengoytía ◽  
Jorgelina Boretto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

AbstractThis paper studies minimum SVL at sexual maturity, sexual dimorphism, operational sex ratio, male and female reproductive cycles, and litter size of viviparous Phymaturus antofagastensis, a species living at high altitude in the temperate climate of Catamarca, Argentina. Males reached sexual maturity at 90 mm, and females at 79 mm. Adult males attained significantly larger body size and head width than adult females. Histological analysis showed asynchrony in spermatogenesis timing among males and spermatozoa storage in epididymis throughout the reproductive season (spring to early autumn). Females showed a biennial reproductive cycle taking at least one activity season to perform either vitellogenesis or pregnancy. Brood size resulted in two offspring, a condition similar to other species of the genus, with births occurring in late summer. The reproductive cycle of Phymaturus antofagastensis shows a new response in males and females to harsh environments characterized by short activity seasons, long hibernation periods and large daily and seasonal thermal fluctuations.

scholarly journals Offspring and adult chemosensory recognition by an amphisbaenian reptile may allow maintaining familiar links in the fossorial environment

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10780
Author(s):  
José Martín ◽  
Ernesto Raya-García ◽  
Jesús Ortega ◽  
Pilar López
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Tongue Flick ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Stable Family ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Family Groups

Kin recognition is a phenomenon with an important function in maintaining cohesive social groups in animals. Several studies have examined parent–offspring recognition in species with direct parental care. Few studies have, however, explored parent–offspring recognition in animals that, at best, only show apparent indirect parental care, such as some reptiles. In this study, we investigated reciprocal parent–offspring recognition in the fossorial amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni, a viviparous species that shows potential stable ‘family groups’ in the form of parent-offspring long-term associations. We examined whether adult males and females could discriminate via chemical cues between familiar juveniles which associate with them within their family groups, and are potentially their offspring, to that of unfamiliar juveniles, and whether juveniles could discriminate between familiar adult males and females of their family group (probably their parents) and unfamiliar unrelated adults. We measured tongue flick behavior to study chemosensory responses to the scent of conspecifics. We found that adult female amphisbaenians, but not males, could discriminate between scents of familiar and unfamiliar juveniles. Juvenile amphisbaenians did not discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar adult females, but recognize familiar from unfamiliar males. We discuss our results of parent–offspring recognition according to its potential social function in an ecological fossorial context where visibility is limited and chemosensory kin recognition may contribute to the establishment of stable family groups.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and salinity on the reproductive cycle of males and females of Crassostrea virginica (Bivalvia: Ostreidae).

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alfonso Ascencio Aguirre ◽  
Martha Enríquez D. ◽  
Imelda Martínez M. ◽  
Dalila Aldana A.
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
American Oyster ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

<p>The American oyster, <em>Crassostrea virginica,</em> is one of the most important economic coastal fishery activities in Mexico. As for other bivalve molluscs, its sustainability is based on healthy populations, and additional information on current reproductive cycles, will reinforce local management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and salinity on the gonadal development stages in both sexes and in two size groups (40-60 mm and ≥ 61 mm) of <em>C. virginica</em> from Tamiahua Lagoon, Gulf of Mexico. Monthly surveys of 90 organisms were undertaken, for a yearly total of 1 080 oysters sampled from the lagoon in 2011. Both field and laboratory work used standard procedures. Our results showed that reproduction was continuous in both sexes, but some peaks of the reproductive cycle were observed along the year. Peaks registered from January to July were for gametogenesis; those of June and September were for mature individuals; and in January, February, and from September to December, for spawning/spent oysters. Maturity of females of both range sizes was positively correlated with temperature, but not for males. For spawning, spent individuals, males of sizes ≥ 61 mm were positively correlated with salinity, whereas smaller males (40-60 mm) and females of both sizes, did not show any correlation. In this study, we observed that temperature and salinity had a different effect in the reproduction of the American oyster of different sizes and sexes of Tamiahua lagoon.</p>

scholarly journals Demography of the enigmatic low phase in a cyclic lemming population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Fauteux ◽  
Gilles Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cyclic Populations

Abstract Deciphering the mechanism behind the lack of growth during the prolonged low abundance phase of cyclic populations represents a major challenge due to the lack of data. However, long-term capture-mark-recapture datasets can help resolve this question through demographic analyses. We analysed the demography and movements of cyclic brown lemmings on Bylot Island, Canada, with a 16-yr (2004-2019) live-trapping program and looked for inversely density-dependent factors that could contribute to a prolonged low phase. We found that the proportion of females in the population was inversely density-dependent with a strong male-biased sex ratio at low densities but not at high densities. In contrast, survival of adult females was higher than adult males, but both had lower survival at low densities than at high ones. Distances moved by both adult males and females were density-dependent, and proportion of females in reproductive condition was weakly density-dependent. Individual body condition, measured as monthly change in body mass, was not density-dependent. Overall, the strong malebiased sex ratio at very low densities suggests a loss of reproductive potential due to the rarity of females and appears to be the most susceptible demographic factor that could contribute to the prolonged low phase in cyclic brown lemmings. What leads to this sexbias in the first place is still unclear, but indirect evidence suggests that this may be due to a higher vulnerability of nesting females to predation in winter than males.

Reproductive cycle and sperm storage of female coral snakes, Micrurus corallinus and Micrurus frontalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Augusto Bassi ◽  
Rafaela Zani Coeti ◽  
Selma Maria de Almeida-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
First Time

Abstract We analyzed the hypothesis that the lack of synchronization between the mating and ovulation period of Micrurus frontalis (BRT clade) is indicative of the capacity of females to store sperm. Conversely, since these reproductive events occur in the same season for Micrurus corallinus (BRM clade), sperm storage is not expected. Thus, we analyzed the reproductive cycle of female M. corallinus and M. frontalis, and investigated the occurrence of sperm storage. Our results showed that these two species of coral snakes (clades BRM and BRT) possess different reproductive cycles. Micrurus frontalis exhibits an extensive reproductive period encompassing three seasons (summer, autumn and winter), while M. corallinus directs secondary vitellogenesis and ovulation to the hottest period of the year (spring and summer). We confirm, for the first time, the strategy of sperm storage (SSr) in females of the genus Micrurus. We observed sperm storage receptacles located in the non-glandular uterus in all seasons of the year for M. corallinus and in spring, summer and autumn in M. frontalis. Furthermore, the presence of SSr in females in the non-reproductive (post-ovulatory) period, the verification of myoid cells around the receptacles and secretion of neutral carbohydrates in the lumina of SSrs may indicates a long-term storage. The posterior infundibulum is another possible region of sperm storage by the presence of tubular ciliated gland; however, reproductive studies with other species of the genus are necessary for a better understanding of the reproductive strategies of the BRT and BRM clades.

Migration, overwintering, and reproductive patterns of Taricha granulosa on southern Vancouver Island

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Oliver ◽  
H. M. McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Taricha Granulosa ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

Sexual dichotomy in habitat selection during the nonbreeding season was studied in the rough-skinned newt Taricha granulosa from November 1970 to August 1973 on southern Vancouver Island. Field results show that in this area adult females normally migrate from breeding ponds to overwinter on land. Adult males normally remain permanently aquatic. Related observations on the reproductive cycle of T. granulosa show that females, who lay their eggs singly, deposit them for a period of a few days, followed by a period of nonegglaying. This process is repeated at intervals. Oviposition can occur from late April to July in this area. Females who were induced to ovulate in the laboratory each deposited three eggs per day for 5 days before opposition ceased. Thus the reproductive cycles of field and taboratory-acclimated females are correlated.

Zika Comes to the Western Hemisphere and Americas: How, When, Consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Michael B. A. Oldstone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Caribbean

This chapter traces the history of the Zika virus. Viruses are usually messengers of bad news. The bad news emerging as a specialty of infection by Zika viruses and the harm they cause is the long-term disability of the most vulnerable populations: pregnant women and their babies. Zika virus is a member of the flavivirus group, whose fellow members are yellow fever and West Nile viruses; all three are transmitted by mosquitoes. Attacks by Zika virus and the disease it caused unexpectedly exploded in 2015–2016, mainly in Brazil and surrounding countries in Central and South America and the Caribbean. Zika was then transported to the United States. Zika infections recorded in the United States were linked primarily to airplane or ship travelers from the areas of Zika outbreaks. Adult males and females infected with Zika virus may develop an autoimmune disease termed Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). GBS describes persons whose own immune system attacks their nerves (polyneuropathy), leading to symmetrical weakness of the extremities requiring hospitalization.

The Diet of Leiolopisma-Entrecasteauxii (Lacertilia, Scincidae) From Southwestern Victoria, With Notes on Its Relationship With the Reproductive-Cycle

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Brown
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Prey Selectivity ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Western Victoria

Analysis of the number and volume of food items in the guts of the scincid Leiolopisma entrecasteauxii collected monthly from a rocky grazed site at Dreeite (38�11'S., 143�31'E.) on the volcanic plains of south-western Victoria revealed the species to be an opportunistic insectivore. Rank correlation analysis of the number of invertebrate taxa trapped monthly at the site revealed a significant (<0.05) overall association between potential and actual prey and little prey selectivity. Seasonal analysis of diet indicated the dominant prey taxa to be commutable throughout the year, confirming the opportunistic nature of feeding in L. entrecasteauxii. Marked fluctuations in the lizards' monthly food volume were intimately related to the energy demands associated with the various stages of their reproductive cycle. Both males and females maximised food intake just before the mating period, February-May. Food consumption was lowest during the coldest months when the female was overwintering the sperm. The females' food consumption increased during August, just before rapid follicular development and fertilisation by sperm in September-October.

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