LOCAL DISPERSAL OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) MOTHS DETERMINED BY MARK, RELEASE, AND RECAPTURE

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Daily Survival ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Local Dispersal

AbstractLocal dispersal and survival of male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), moths under field conditions was determined by mark, release, and recapture in pheromone-baited traps. Recapture rates and distance of recapture were dependent upon height of traps and proximity of traps to the release point, but over 65% of those recaptured were caught within 50 m. With traps 20 m apart, 30% of the recaptures were in traps farthest from the release point (50–70 m), a fact which suggests that male spruce budworm may disperse beyond this distance at low densities. Males were recaptured up to 7 days after release, and had a daily survival rate averaging 67%.

FACTORS AFFECTING ADULT EMERGENCE AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Duration Of Copulation

AbstractLaboratory and field experiments indicate that the female spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) pupal stadium requires approximately 122C degree-days above a threshold of 7.2 °C (45°F), the male 124. Emergence time on any given day depends on temperature but is independent of photoperiod. Under field conditions male and female budworm mate only once per 24-h period. In the laboratory under continuous illumination females mate repeatedly and males readily mate a second time within a few hours, but the duration of the second copulation is abnormally long. The probability of multiple matings under field conditions is reduced by the restricted period of sexual activity coupled with the duration of copulation and the lower competitiveness of mated insects. Antennae are essential to the male for successful copulation.

Daily survival rate for nests of Black Skimmers from a core breeding area of the southeastern USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian L. Brooks ◽  
Felicia J. Sanders ◽  
Patrick D. Gerard ◽  
Patrick G. R. Jodice
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Daily Survival

Nest daily survival rate of six Costa Rican urban birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José D. Ramírez-Fernández ◽  
Gilbert Barrantes
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Urban Birds ◽  
Daily Survival

THE MATING STATUS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM MALES, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), CAUGHT IN PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chris Bergh ◽  
William D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Mating History ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flight Season

The mating status of recently-mated male spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), caught in traps baited with five different treatments was indexed. During two sampling periods at two test sites both virgin and mated C. fumiferana males were trapped. Significantly more unmated males were captured early in the flight season. There was no significant difference between the proportion of mated and unmated males caught near the end of the flight season. Within sampling periods and sites there were not significant differences among treatments in the proportion of mated males captured nor were these proportions significantly different within sampling periods and between sites. Within sites and between sampling periods the proportion of mated males captured was significantly different, with more mated males being trapped during the later sampling period. The four lepidopteran species for which methodologies have been developed for indexing male mating status are compared with respect to the nature and behaviour of the colored ejaculatory duct fluids that are used as markers of mating history. Current limitations of the method are discussed and possible solutions to these are suggested.

scholarly journals Does human hair attract or deter potential ground nest predators?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Jenő J. Purger ◽  
Zsófia Szegleti ◽  
Dávid Szép
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Daily Survival ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Pass Through

AbstractThe nests of rare and threatened bird and reptile species that breed on the ground are often attempted to be protected from predators with fences, grids, and various repellent materials. Results of some experiments refer to the repellent function of human scent, whereas others suggest that it has an attractive role. We aimed to investigate how effectively ground nests can be protected from predators if human hair is placed around nests. We performed the experiment in a riverine oak-elm-ash forest using 90 artificial nests, each with 1 quail and 1 plasticine egg: 30 nests were protected with a game fence, 30 nests were surrounded with human hair and 30 nests were unprotected (control). During the 24 days, predators damaged 23% of the nests protected by a game fence, 40% of unprotected nests and 47% of the nests surrounded with hair. The daily survival rate of quail eggs in nests protected with a game fence was significantly higher than the ones in the nests surrounded with human hair. Only 18% of the quail eggs and 36% of plasticine eggs were damaged. Such difference can be explained by the fact that small-bodied birds and mammals could pass through the game fence and left traces on plasticine eggs but they were unable to crack the shell of quail eggs. Within the game fence, denser vegetation can provide better nesting conditions and result in greater breeding success. The repellent role of human hair has not been proved, on the contrary, in some cases we have observed signs of its attractant role, such as small-bodied birds took hair away for nest building.

THE MATING STATUS OF FIELD-COLLECTED MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN RELATION TO TRAP LOCATION, SAMPLING METHOD, SAMPLING DATE, AND ADULT EMERGENCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Bergh ◽  
E.S. Eveleigh ◽  
W.D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Flight Season

AbstractMale spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were captured in 1986 and 1987 and the proportion recently mated was determined for each sample. Mating status was examined in relation to trap location, sampling method, sampling date, and adult emergence. On a given day the proportion of recently mated males captured was similar among pheromone-baited traps both within and among test sites. The number of males trapped increased with increasing trap elevation, although there was no difference in the proportion of mated males at each elevation. Males exhibiting “mate-location behaviour” were captured individually with an insect net and were found to be mated in the same proportion as those caught in pheromone-baited traps. The proportion of recently mated males trapped tended to increase during the early part of the flight season, to fluctuate during the middle portion, and then to decline toward the end of the season. This pattern was due, in part, to adult emergence trends.

scholarly journals Helpers increase daily survival rate of Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) nests during the incubation stage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo S. A. Santos ◽  
Regina H. Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Daily Survival ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Model Weight

AbstractCooperative breeding is characterized by reproduction in the presence of helpers. What impact these helpers have on the reproductive success of group members is one of the long-standing questions in the cooperative breeding literature. In cooperative species, helpers are known to provide benefits during multiple stages or at a particular stage of the reproductive cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether helpers increased the daily survival rate of nests during the incubation stage in the Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis), a crested plover with a cooperative breeding system. Southern Lapwings have a variable mating system, with some breeding groups composed of unassisted pairs, and others that breed in the presence of helpers. Our best supported model indicated a positive effect of the presence of helpers on the daily survival rate of nests, leading to a probability of nest success (i.e., survival until hatching) of 83%, compared to 51% for nests of unassisted pairs. But a null model had a similar model weight as the best supported model and was the second-best model. Our study provides evidence that helpers influence egg survival during the egg-incubation stage, which could influence the fitness of breeders.

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