TOXICITY OF THE INSECTICIDE PERMETHRIN IN WATER AND SEDIMENT TO NYMPHS OF THE BURROWING MAYFLY HEXAGENIA RIGIDA (EPHEMEROPTERA: EPHEMERIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Friesen ◽  
J. F. Flannagan ◽  
T. D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Burrowing Mayfly

AbstractThe 6 LC50 for nymphs of Hexagenia rigida exposed to permethrin-contaminated water without sediment was estimated to lie between 0.58 and 2.06 μg/L. No nymphs survived a 6 h exposure to 7.63 μg/L. Laboratory simulated application of 7.3 g/ha permethrin to H. rigida nymphs in culture resulted in a final mortality of 88.0 ± 15.2% after a 1-day exposure, and 100.0% after a 7 day exposure; initial permethrin concentrations in water were estimated to be 7.63 μg/L and maximum mean concentrations in sediment, measured 1 and 7 days after application, were estimated to be approximately 50 μg/kg dry weight. Exposure of nymphs to sediment contaminated 8 days previously resulted in 100.0% mortality. An application of 0.6 g/ha resulted in final mortality of up to 45.0 ± 4.1%. Lethal effects occurred in some cases between 1 and 4 and possibly up to 10 weeks after application.

scholarly journals Phytodepuration of Nitrate Contaminated Water Using Four Different Tree Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Luca Regni ◽  
Maria Luce Bartucca ◽  
Euro Pannacci ◽  
Francesco Tei ◽  
Daniele Del Buono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Corylus Avellana L ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Water pollution by excessive amounts of nitrate (NO3−) has become a global issue. Technologies to clean up nitrate-contaminated water bodies include phytoremediation. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate four tree species (Salix alba L., Populus alba L., Corylus avellana L. and Sambucus nigra L.) to remediate nitrate-contaminated waters (100 and 300 mg L−1). Some physiological parameters showed that S. alba L. and P. alba L. increased particularly photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, dry weight, and transpired water, following the treatments with the above NO3− concentrations. Furthermore, these species were more efficient than the others studied in the phytodepuration of water contaminated by the two NO3− levels. In particular, within 15 days of treatment, S. alba L. and P. alba L. removed nitrate quantities ranging from 39 to 78%. Differently, C. avellana L. and S. nigra L. did not show particular responses regarding the physiological traits studied. Nonetheless, these species removed up to 30% of nitrate from water. In conclusion, these data provide exciting indications on the chance of using S. alba L. and P. alba L. to populate buffer strips to avoid NO3− environmental dispersion in agricultural areas.

Influence of environmental factors on abundance and temporal variation of benthic fauna resources in the eutrophic Tha Chin estuary, Samut Sakhon province, Thailand

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269
Author(s):  
Nittaya Ritnim ◽  
Charumas Meksumpun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Status

The influence of environmental factors on the abundance and temporal variation of benthic fauna resources was studied in the eutrophic Tha Chin estuary located in Samut Sakhon province. The objectives were to analyze the status of abundance and temporal variation of the benthic fauna and to clarify the impacts from environmental factors (water and sediment quality). Field surveys were conducted monthly from August 2007 to March 2008 at 11 sampling stations in the estuary. Based on freshwater runoff volumes, the high-, medium-, and low-loading periods were categorized to be from August to October 2007, November to December 2007, and January to March 2008, respectively. The benthic fauna resources were composed of 57 species in eight phyla. Annelids were the dominant species (with the maximum density being 19,885 individuals/m2), followed by the mollusks. Both densities decreased during the low-loading period in 2008. Water quality deteriorated during the high-loading period. Land-based wastewater discharges decreased the levels of salinity and dissolved oxygen but dramatically increased various nutrients. Consequently, the sediment quality deteriorated during the medium-loading period. Bottom deposits during this time depicted high accumulation of acid volatile sulfides (more than 0.76 mg/g dry weight). Analyzing the environmental relationships, deposit feeders (for example, Nereis sp. and Prionospio sp.) and a clam (Arcuatula sp.) showed potential as bio-indicators for environmental monitoring. The overall results revealed the importance of changes in the water and sediment qualities that had an influence on related benthic resources. The increase in the level of NH4+-N had a negative impact on the economic clam species, while the sedimentary TOM showed positive correlation (P < 0.05) with this increase. The succession of groups based on feeding behavior seemed to correspond with stress in eutrophication along the salinity gradient and in different estuarine parts. In addition, the economic clam population decreased noticeably during the medium-loading period, as a consequence of deteriorated sediment conditions. Thus, the land-based runoff should be controlled for the protection of resources. Further effective sustainable management will be enhanced by giving serious consideration to an eco-based zoning scheme for conservation and restoration of the Tha Chin estuary.

The role of a lowland reservoir in the transport of micropollutants, nutrients and the suspended particulate matter along the river continuum

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Urbaniak ◽  
Edyta Kiedrzyńska ◽  
Maciej Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Lowland Reservoir

The water and sediment samples from the Sulejow Reservoir and Pilica River (Central Poland) were analysed for nutrients: total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) concentration. Dl-PCBs were detected in sediments from all seven sampling locations with mean concentrations of 14.29 ng kg−1 dry weight (d.w.). The lowest concentration was recorded in the sediment collected below the Sulejow Reservoir (PR5; 2.92 ng kg−1 d.w.) and the highest in the sample collected from the mouth section of the Pilica River (PR7; 26.30 ng kg−1 d.w.). The 29% reduction of the total dl-PCBs concentration – from 9.21 ng kg−1 d.w. in the middle section to 6.54 ng kg−1 d.w. in the dam section of the Sulejow Reservoir – demonstrated the hydraulic transport and deposition of measured pollutants in the reservoir's sediments. The results obtained also revealed the reduction of nutrients and the SPM concentrations. A 45% reduction of SPM, 28% reduction of TP and 34% of TN was observed between the water inflow and outflow from the Sulejow Reservoir.

scholarly journals Effect of polluted water on soil and plant contamination by heavy metals in El-Mahla El-Kobra, Egypt

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esawy Kasem Mahmoud ◽  
Adel Mohamed Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Bioaccumulation Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Abstract. The discharge of untreated waste water in Zefta drain and drain no. 5 is becoming a problem for many farmers in the El-Mahla El-Kobra area, Egypt. The discharged water contains high levels of contaminants considered hazardous to the ecosystem. Some plants, soil, water, and sediment samples were collected from the El-Mahla El-Kobra area to evaluate the contamination by heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metals, pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water of Zefta drain and drain no. 5 exceeded permissible limits for irrigation. In rice and maize shoots grown in soils irrigated by contaminated water from Zefta drain and drain no. 5, the bioaccumulation factors for Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mn were higher than 1.0. The heavy metals content of irrigated soils from Zefta drain and drain no. 5 exceeded the upper limit of background heavy metals. In this study, the mean contaminant factor values of the drain no. 5 sediments revealed that Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni > 6, indicating very high contamination. The bioaccumulation coefficient values of Cynodon dactylon, Phragmites australis, and Typha domingensis aquatic plants growing in Zefta drain are high. These species can be considered as hyperaccumulators for the decontamination of contaminated water.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF POTENTIALLY TOXIGENIC MICROCYSTIS STRAINS FROM DAU TIENG RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Luu ◽  
Ngo Xuan Quang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Crude Extracts

Microcystis is a bloom-forming, common cyanobacterium in Dau Tieng reservoir used for public water supply. To assess the presence of potentially microcystin-producing Microcystis, molecular techniques were conducted and acute toxicity bioassays were performed with the microcrustacean Daphnia magna exposed to cyanobacterial crude extracts. Potentially toxigenic of isolated strains was characterized by amplifying mcyD genes and identification of Microcystis was confirmed by 16S rRNA amplification. Microcystins (MCs) concentration in bloom samples and cultured strains were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that there were 9/15 strains showed positive with the mcyD marker indicating that they are toxic strains. Three MCs variants including MC-RR, -LR and -YR were found in all extracts of toxic strains with the highest concentration of 1,218 μg/g dry weight (DW). The acute toxicity bioassays revealed that both toxic and non-toxic crude extracts elicited significant lethal effects on the tested animal with LC50 values ranged from 189-411 mg DW/L. The toxic effects of isolated strains were independent from the MCs concentration in some strains suggesting the presence of other metabolites contributed to the biological effects. In conclusion, microcystin-producing Microcystis from the Dau Tieng reservoir warn about possible toxic effects for aquatic biota and human health.

Current status of organophosphorus compounds contamination in Maizuru Bay, Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroya Harino ◽  
Emi Yatsuzuka ◽  
Chiaki Yamao ◽  
Masaaki Ueno ◽  
Madoka Ohji
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Wet Weight

The concentrations of organophosphoric acid triesters (OPEs) in water samples from Maizuru Bay were in the range of 3.0–62 ng/l. In general, the concentrations of OPEs were found in the order of TBXP > TDCPP > TCEP > TBP > TCP > TPP > TEP. The organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) diazinon, fenitrothion, iprobenfos and chlorpyrifos were detected in water samples. The concentrations of OPEs in sediment from Maizuru Bay were in the range of <0.5–56 µg kg−1 dry weight (dw). Among OPPs, diazinon in sediment samples were in the range of 1.8–71 µg kg−1 dw. However, the detection frequencies of fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos in sediment were low. The concentrations of OPEs in mussels from Maizuru Bay were in the range of <1–34 µg kg−1 wet weight (ww). The concentrations of OPEs were found in the order of TBP > TDCPP > TCP > TBXP = TPP = TCEP. Pesticides were detected in mussels, but these concentrations were lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) values. The partition coefficients between water and sediment (Kws) of diazinon and fenitrothion were 200–1300 and 200–300, respectively and the partition coefficients between water and biological samples (Kwb) of diazinon and fenitrothion were 700–3300 and 450–700, respectively, suggesting that these pesticides accumulate in biological samples at higher rates than in sediment.

scholarly journals Impact of the Sediment Organic vs. Mineral Content on Distribution of the Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Lake Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5642
Author(s):  
Dauren Mussabek ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson ◽  
Lutz Ahrens ◽  
Kei Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Core ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Inorganic Content ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Contamination of the water and sediment with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was studied for the lake impacted by the release of PFAS-containing aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). PFAS concentrations were analyzed in lake water and sediment core samples. ΣPFAS concentrations were in the range of 95–100 ng L−1 in the lake water and 3.0–61 µg kg−1 dry weight (dw) in sediment core samples, both dominated by perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate; 6:2 fluortelomer sulfonate was inconsistently present in water and sediment core samples. The sediment–water partitioning coefficients (log Kd) were estimated and ranged 0.6–2.3 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and 0.9–5.6 L kg−1 for individual perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs). The influence of the sediment inorganic content and organic matter on PFAS distribution was investigated. In studied sediments, the mineral content (corresponding to <5% of the bulk media mass) was mainly represented by sulfur, iron and calcium. The PFAS distribution was found strongly connected to the sediment mineral content (i.e., Fe, Pb, Rb and As), whereas the sediment organic carbon content did not to have a direct influence on the PFAS distribution. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the PFAS distribution in the natural heterogeneous media.

Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated water and sediment by Eleocharis acicularis

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sakakibara ◽  
Yuko Ohmori ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha ◽  
Sakae Sano ◽  
Koichiro Sera
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Water And Sediment
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