LIFE HISTORY AND SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN WINTER MOTH, OPEROPHTERA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN WESTERN OREGON

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Miller ◽  
Jan E. Cronhardt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Temperature Thresholds

AbstractIn western Oregon, Operophtera occidentalis (Hulst) has four larval instars, is univoltine, and polyphagous. Adult activity peaked in early December, eggs overwintered, larvae were present from March to June, and pupae from May to December. Temperature thresholds for egg and larval development were estimated to be 2 °C. Few species of natural enemies were observed and rates of parasitism averaged 2%.

scholarly journals Life history and phenology of Phylloicus pulchrus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in a tropical rainforest stream of Puerto Rico

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limarie J. Reyes-Torres ◽  
Alonso Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Adult Abundance

Caddisflies are abundant, diverse, and important insects in freshwater ecosystems.  However our knowledge on their life history is incomplete, in particular for the Neotropics. The objectives of this study were to describe the life history and phenology of Phylloicus pulchrus in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Eggs and larvae were reared to determine the species lifespan and time in each instar. Larval instars were determined based on a head width vs. pronotal suture length correlation (N= 120). Larvae and benthic leaf litter were sampled monthly at a headwater stream for a year; all specimens were classified into instars based on their case size. Adult P. pulchrus were sampled monthly for a year with a light trap and at various times with a Malaise trap. Monthly environmental variables were related to species and sex abundance. There was a gradient of egg development where eggs (within compound masses) closest to the water were more developed. There were five larval instars and reared larvae showed longer development times and more variable body measurements in later instars. The best correlation for larval instar determination was case length-head width (Pearson= 0.90, P= 2.2e-16, N= 120). Phylloicus pulchrus has a multivoltine life cycle, with asynchronous larval development. Adult abundance was low. First to third instar larvae were influenced significantly by rainfall and rainfall seasonality had a negative significant effect on second instar larval abundance (ANOVA= 7.45, P= 0.02).Compound egg masses were probably oviposited by different females that gathered for oviposition. Phylloicus pulchrus follows the predominant developmental characteristic of Trichoptera of having five larval stages. Development times were longer than expected (longest times for a Phylloicus species) and may be an effect of laboratory rearing. The influence of rainfall (and seasonality) on different larval instars highlights the importance of this variable on early larval development. The cause of low adult abundance remains unclear, but may be related to low emergence rates and trap efficiency. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 814-825. Epub 2018 June 01. 

SOME PREDATORS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PARATETRANYCHUS PILOSUS C. & F., IN NOVA SCOTIA

1935 ◽  
Vol 13d (2) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Gilliatt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Campylomma Verbasci

Predators are the most important natural enemies of the European red mite. Notes are given on the life history and habits of the following predaceous enemies of this mite, Seiulus pomi Parrott; Diaphnidia pellucida Uhl.; Diaphnidia capitata Van D.; Hyaliodes vitripennis Say; Stethorus punctum Leconte; Plagiognathus obscurus Uhl.; Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhl.; Anystis agilis Banks; Campylomma verbasci Mey., and an unidentified species of Syrphidae.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF A LEAF TIER, AROGA ARGUTIOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE), ON SWEET FERN IN MICHIGAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 991-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractAroga argutiola is univoltine in Michigan. The adult emerges in late May and oviposits on sweet fern (Myrica aspleniifolia L.). There are six larval instars. The larva constructs a nest by tying leaves together, and then feeding on the leaves in and adjacent to the nest. The last instar overwinters on the ground in a cocoon. The pupa appears in May.

THE LIFE HISTORY OF LESTES CONGENER (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Sawchyn ◽  
C. Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
History Of

AbstractLestes congener Hagen overwinters in the egg stage. There is a diapause just before blastokinesis, during which the egg is extremely resistant to low temperatures and desiccation. Post-diapause embryonic development can occur near 0 °C but will not take place until the eggs are wetted as the pond habitat fills in the spring. Hatching does not occur until the temperature exceeds about 5 °C and is highly synchronous. Larval development is rapid and is completed in the field in about 50 days. Emergence of the adults also is synchronous. Sexual maturation requires 3 weeks. Oviposition occurs immediately after copulation while the pair are still in tandem. It takes place only in dry stems of Scirpus. Adaptations of L. congener for life under rigorous prairie conditions are discussed.

Colonization patterns and life-history dynamics of Culex mosquitoes in artificial ponds of different character

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dudley Williams ◽  
Annette Tavares-Cromar ◽  
Donn J. Kushner ◽  
John R. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Artificial Ponds

The relationship between the biology and habitat of larval mosquitoes was studied in a series of artificial ponds of differing characteristics established across a terrestrial vegetation gradient from open fields to deep woods. The ponds were uniformly colonized by two widespread species of Culex, both characteristic of small bodies of water, including artificial, "container" habitats. First-instar larvae of Culex restuans were found within 2 days of filling the ponds with water and four or five generations were produced from May until the end of September. One very long generation occurred in July, which corresponded to maximum larval densities. Overall, there was a strong relationship between larval development time of C. restuans and larval density. A few larvae of Culex pipiens pipiens occurred sporadically throughout the summer, but numbers did not increase until C. restuans populations began to wane in late July. Thereafter two, or possibly three, generations were produced into the autumn. The patterns of colonization, synchrony of life history, and growth of these two species were remarkably consistent amongst the ponds, despite considerable variation in both their physical and biological environments (e.g., over the 2 years of study, conductivity ranged from 20 to 890 μS, pH from 6.4 to 10.7, dissolved oxygen from 0 to 13.5 ppm, and water temperature from 5 to 29.8 °C). Density of C. restuans was related to water temperature and pH at the "open" site and to water temperature, dissolved oxygen, percent algae, and percent detritus at the "edge of the woods" site. At the "deep woods" site, larval numbers were related to temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. At both the edge and deep wood sites, larval development time of C. restuans increased with mean water temperature to 20 °C. Above this temperature, larval development time tended to decrease.

Influence of a reservoir with surface release on the life history of the mayfly Heterocloeon curiosum (McDunnough) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris C. Kondratieff ◽  
J. Reese Voshell Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Anna

The life history of Heterocloeon curiosum was compared in the impounded North Anna River (NAR) and the free-flowing South Anna River (SAR) in Virginia, U.S.A. The study site on the NAR was 32 km below Lake Anna, a surface-release reservoir. Heterocloeon curiosum was bivoltine in both rivers with two summer generations and probable overwintering in the egg stage. It passed through 10 larval instars (range 9–12) in both rivers. The density of larvae was twice as great in the SAR as the NAR. Factors which may have contributed to the lesser success of H. curiosum in the NAR included bottom scouring produced by sudden increases in discharge, absence of the macrophyte Podostemum, quality of available food, and alterations of the temperature regime. Of these four factors, temperature probably had the most significant effect. The emergence of the second generation was 1 month later in the NAR because the reservoir delayed the normal seasonal cooling of the river. The nonoptimal temperature regime appeared to significantly reduce the fecundity of H. curiosum in the NAR. Our data indicate that surface-release reservoirs may have subtle but significant effects on the life histories of benthic macroinvertebrates.

THE STAGES OF ERANNIS VANCOUVERENSIS (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AND LIFE HISTORY NOTES

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Central California ◽  
Young Leaves

AbstractErannis vancouverensis Hulst occurs from northern British Columbia to central California, and has been occasionally reported at infestation levels. The larvae feed on young leaves of several species of deciduous trees; winter is passed in the egg or sometimes in the pupal stage; adults emerge during late autumn or occasionally during winter or early spring; females are wingless. The life stages, including larval instars, are described here in detail. Virus disease and parasitism by tachinid flies help control the species.

DEGREE-DAY RELATIONSHIPS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITHOCOLLETIS BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) AND ITS PARASITE APANTELES ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Johnson ◽  
R. Trottier ◽  
J. E. Laing
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Stevenson Screen

AbstractDegree-day relationships in the development of Lithocolletis blancardella (Fab.) and Apanteles ornigis Weed, its major parasite, were established from laboratory and field studies in Ontario apple orchards during 1973, 1974, and 1975. Under constant laboratory conditions, temperature thresholds for development of overwintering pupae were estimated by three methods, and found to be 6.3°, 6.7°, and 5.7°C for L. blancardella, and 10.4°, 10.4°, and 11.3°C for A. ornigis. Degree-day accumulations in the field were calculated by two methods using daily maximum and minimum temperatures recorded from the pupal habitat and a Stevenson screen. Degree-days in the pupal habitat accumulated from 1 January, above 5.7°C for L. blancardella and 11.3°C for A. ornigis were more accurate than Stevenson screen degree-day accumulations for predicting first emergence; however, after emergence, seasonal development was best related to Stevenson screen degree-days accumulated from 1 April, above 6.7°C for L. blancardella and 10.4°C for A. ornigis. This study shows that degree-day relationships can be used in an apple pest management programme to optimize timing of insecticide applications against L. blancardella and preserve A. ornigis, its major natural enemy.

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