SURVEY OF PATHOGENS IN THE LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX, CHORISTONEURA CONFLICTANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN ONTARIO AND BRITISH COLUMBIA WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO GRANULOSIS VIRUS

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Burke ◽  
Jean Percy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Principal Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Choristoneura Conflictana

The large aspen tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana Wlk., occurs throughout the range of trembling aspen, Populus trernuloides Michx., in Canada and the eastern United States (Baker 1972). Outbreaks of the insect occur over large areas, but these outbreaks generally collapse in 2 to 3 years. The principal effect of this pest is to reduce growth of aspen, but it causes little tree mortality (Batzer 1972). Prentice (1955) reviewed the history of outbreaks of C. conflictana in Canada from 1912 to 1953 and the natural control factors of the insect. He reported an extensive parasite complement. Dead and apparently diseased insects were examined, but the only pathogen noted was infection of overwintering larvae by the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals .) Vuill.

STUDIES ON THE SITKA SPRUCE WEEVIL, PISSODES SITCHENSIS, IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Silver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Heavy Mortality

AbstractThe life history of the Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes sitchensis Hopk., is described. Adults overwinter in duff at the base of trees and emerge in April or early May. Oviposition begins in late April on leaders. The larvae hatch and mine downward, eventually girdling and killing the leader. Larvae pupate in chip cocoons under the bark. Newly developed adults start emerging in August and, prior to hibernation, feed on leaders of young trees. Adults have been observed in the field as late as December.Predators caused heavy mortality but the weevil population maintained itself and increased in some years. Parasitism was light. Natural control factors reduced the population level but were incapable of controlling a population. Satisfactory control was obtained by applying DDT and phosphamidon to leaders with a hand-sprayer early in the spring, but repeated applications would be necessary to protect a plantation through the critical years.Damage to Sitka spruce regeneration and plantations in British Columbia is severe. At present, protection of Sitka spruce plantations would require considerable expense.

scholarly journals The 2009 Late Blight Pandemic in the Eastern United States – Causes and Results

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Fry ◽  
M. T. McGrath ◽  
A. Seaman ◽  
T. A. Zitter ◽  
A. McLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mainstream Press

The tomato late blight pandemic of 2009 made late blight into a household term in much of the eastern United States. Many home gardeners and many organic producers lost most if not all of their tomato crop, and their experiences were reported in the mainstream press. Some CSAs (Community Supported Agriculture) could not provide tomatoes to their members. In response, many questions emerged: How did it happen? What was unusual about this event compared to previous late blight epidemics? What is the current situation in 2012 and what can be done? It's easiest to answer these questions, and to understand the recent epidemics of late blight, if one knows a bit of the history of the disease and the biology of the causal agent, Phytophthora infestans.

scholarly journals A review of dinosaurian body fossils from British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain J Reid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Since the 1900s, dinosaur fossils have been discovered from Jurassic to Cretaceous age strata, from all across the prairie provinces of Canada and the Western United States, yet little material is known from the outer provinces and territories. In British Columbia, fossils have long been uncovered from the prevalent mid-Cambrian Burgess Shale, but few deposits date from the Mesozoic, and few of these are dinosaurian. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of dinosaurian body fossils in British Columbia. The following dinosaurian groups are represented: coelurosaurians, thescelosaurids, iguanodontians, ankylosaurs and hadrosaurs.

scholarly journals Exploring the Concept of Lineage Diversity across North American Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle G. Dexter ◽  
Ricardo A. Segovia ◽  
Andy R. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
North American ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lineage Diversity

Lineage diversity can refer to the number of genetic lineages within species or to the number of deeper evolutionary lineages, such as genera or families, within a community or assemblage of species. Here, we study the latter, which we refer to as assemblage lineage diversity (ALD), focusing in particular on its richness dimension. ALD is of interest to ecologists, evolutionary biologists, biogeographers, and those setting conservation priorities, but despite its relevance, it is not clear how to best quantify it. With North American tree assemblages as an example, we explore and compare different metrics that can quantify ALD. We show that both taxonomic measures (e.g., family richness) and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) are strongly correlated with the number of lineages in recent evolutionary time, but have weaker correlations with the number of lineages deeper in the evolutionary history of an assemblage. We develop a new metric, time integrated lineage diversity (TILD), which serves as a useful complement to PD, by giving equal weight to old and recent lineage diversity. In mapping different ALD metrics across the contiguous United States, both PD and TILD reveal high ALD across large areas of the eastern United States, but TILD gives greater value to the southeast Coastal Plain, southern Rocky Mountains and Pacific Northwest, while PD gives relatively greater value to the southern Appalachians and Midwest. Our results demonstrate the value of using multiple metrics to quantify ALD, in order to highlight areas of both recent and older evolutionary diversity.

scholarly journals Alveolar echinococcosis in a dog in the eastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-746
Author(s):  
Anne Zajac ◽  
Donald Fairman ◽  
Evan McGee ◽  
Bridgette Wells ◽  
Andrew Peregrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Fine Needle Aspirates ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
History Of ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

An 8-y-old Labrador Retriever was presented to a small animal practice in northern Virginia with a history of recent lethargy. Physical examination findings were unremarkable. Ultrasound revealed several large hepatic masses and multiple smaller masses involving the pancreas. Cytologic findings on fine-needle aspirates of the hepatic masses included inflammation and necrosis with eosinophilic, membranous oval structures consistent with cestode infection. Histopathologic findings for biopsies of these masses included extensive necrosis, inflammation, and PAS-positive hyaline-like membranous material interpreted as metacestode cyst wall. A PCR product was generated from aspirate material using primers specific for Echinococcus multilocularis. Subsequent sequence data were 100% homologous to E. multilocularis NADH dehydrogenase subunit I gene sequences. The dog received daily oral albendazole (10 mg/kg) treatment, but its condition deteriorated, and the dog was euthanized. The dog, born in Mississippi, was brought as a puppy to Virginia with no other travel history. To our knowledge, alveolar echinococcosis has not been reported previously in a dog in the United States; E. multilocularis infection was apparently acquired in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

The Paths of the Trade: Italian Stonemasons in the United States

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-795
Author(s):  
Patrizia Audenino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Temporary Emigration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines the history of Italian stonecutters from Valle Cervo, an alpine village in Piedmont, Italy. These migrants comprised a wave of temporary emigration to the United States between 1870 and 1915. The migration paths followed by these artisans demonstrates the close connection among their various migrations, settlements and opportunities for employment in the eastern United States. The reconstruction of the histories of individual emigrants, utilizing Italian and American sources, census records, trade-union press and private documents, provides some insight into the experiences of these stonecutters and their social networks.

Calculation of biomass trend, exploitation rate, and surplus production from survey and catch data

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Catch Data ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
History Of

If survey data and historical catches are available, it is possible to estimate the history of surplus production from a fishery as long as the scalar between the survey and absolute biomass can be estimated. Alternative hypotheses about present stock size correspond to alternative hypotheses about the scalar, so that by specifying an estimate of the current stock size or exploitation rate, the entire trend of surplus production can be calculated. An example, using monkfish (Lophius americanus) in the eastern United States, is given that shows quite robust conclusions to alternative assumptions about current stock size, and the analysis suggests that the surplus production from monkfish has been the highest during the period of lowest stock size.

scholarly journals The impact of bark beetle infestations on monoterpene emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation in western North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3149-3161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Berg ◽  
C. L. Heald ◽  
K. E. Huff Hartz ◽  
A. G. Hallar ◽  
A. J. H. Meddens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Over the last decade, extensive beetle outbreaks in western North America have destroyed over 100 000 km2 of forest throughout British Columbia and the western United States. Beetle infestations impact monoterpene emissions through both decreased emissions as trees are killed (mortality effect) and increased emissions in trees under attack (attack effect). We use 14 yr of beetle-induced tree mortality data together with beetle-induced monoterpene emission data in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM) to investigate the impact of beetle-induced tree mortality and attack on monoterpene emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in western North America. Regionally, beetle infestations may have a significant impact on monoterpene emissions and SOA concentrations, with up to a 4-fold increase in monoterpene emissions and up to a 40% increase in SOA concentrations in some years (in a scenario where the attack effect is based on observed lodgepole pine response). Responses to beetle attack depend on the extent of previous mortality and the number of trees under attack in a given year, which can vary greatly over space and time. Simulated enhancements peak in 2004 (British Columbia) and 2008 (US). Responses to beetle attack are shown to be substantially larger (up to a 3-fold localized increase in summertime SOA concentrations) in a scenario based on bark-beetle attack in spruce trees. Placed in the context of observations from the IMPROVE network, the changes in SOA concentrations due to beetle attack are in most cases small compared to the large annual and interannual variability in total organic aerosol which is driven by wildfire activity in western North America. This indicates that most beetle-induced SOA changes are not likely detectable in current observation networks; however, these changes may impede efforts to achieve natural visibility conditions in the national parks and wilderness areas of the western United States.

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