A MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE COMMON JUNE BEETLE, PHYLLOPHAGA ANXIA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE), IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Lim ◽  
K. M. Toohey ◽  
W. N. Yule ◽  
R. K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
The Common ◽  
Phyllophaga Anxia

AbstractBlacklight traps were used for monitoring flight activity of Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) in southern Quebec. Adults began flying during the last 3 weeks of May and flight terminated about the end of June, depending on the season and the locality. The adults required approximately 176 degree-days accumulated above a base of 5 °C for flying to commence. Peak flight occurred late in May or in early June. Both sexes were attracted to blacklight traps.

scholarly journals Flight pattern of Archips podana (Lep.: Tortricidae) based on data from pheromone traps

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
J. Stará ◽  
F. Kocourek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flight Pattern ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Richards Function

In 9 years of the period 1993–1999 and 2001–2003 the flight activity of <I>Archips podana</I> was investigated by pheromone traps placed in four apple orchards in Central and East Bohemia. The cumulative catches of <I>A. podana</I> males were plotted against time of the catch expressed in sum of degree-days (DD) above 10°C and approximated by Richards’ function. Common parameters of Richards’ function could be found for the overwintering generation of <I>A. podana</I> from all localities. The beginning, peak and end of flight activity of the overwintering generation of the <I>A. podana </I>population in Central and East Bohemia can be predicted by use of DD. <I>Archips podana </I>is usually bivoltine in the Czech Republic, rarely univoltine in cold years or cold localities. Construct the flight pattern of the summer generation could of <I>A. podana </I>not be constructed, because the course of flight of this generation in dependence on DD differed significantly in particular years and localities.

scholarly journals Nesting success and productivity of the Common Barn-owl Tyto alba: results from a nest box installation and long-term breeding monitoring program in Southern Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
László Bank ◽  
László Haraszthy ◽  
Adrienn Horváth ◽  
Győző F. Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Common

Abstract In this study, the results of a long-term nest box installation program of the Common Barn-owl Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) in Southern Hungary were evaluated, which program was conducted during a 24-year period (1995–2018). The percentages of occupied nest boxes ranged from 9.72 to 73.44% in the first breeding periods while this varied between 0 and 41.46% in the case of repeated clutches in the same nest boxes with second broods. A total of 1,265 breeding attempts were recorded including 1,020 (80.63%) in the first and 245 (19.36%) in the second breeding periods, from which a total of 210 (16.6%) clutches did not produce any fledglings. The modal clutch size was 7 eggs in both first and second annual clutches. However, the value of productivity was higher in the case of larger clutch sizes and we found significant linear relationship between initial clutch size and fledgling production per nesting attempt in both breeding periods. Significant variation of reproductive parameters was observed among the years. The proportion of egg loss showed significant decline, while the change of hatching success and the variation of annual productivity showed significant slight positive linear trend during the 24 years. Our results suggested that despite the outlier values of reproduction characteristics in the extreme years with negative effect, a relatively stable Common Barn-owl population can be maintained by the placement of nest boxes in the investigated region.

Flight patterns of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana (Lep.: Tortricidae) based on data from pheromone traps

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stará ◽  
F. Kocourek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flight Pattern ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Richards Function ◽  
Pandemis Heparana

During 1992–1999 the flight activity of Hedya dimidioalba, Spilonota ocellana and Pandemis heparana was investigated by pheromone traps placed in six apple orchards and a plum orchard in Central and East Bohemia. The cumulative catches of each species were plotted against time of the catch expressed as the sum of degree-days above 10°C (H. dimidioalba and S. ocellana) and 8°C (P. heparana) and approximated by Richards’ function. Common parameters of Richards’ function could be found for Hedya dimidioalba and Spilonota ocellana from all localities. In Pandemis heparana the flight pattern was different for groups of localities with similar climatic conditions. It was found that the beginning, peak and end of the flight activity of these species in the Czech Republic can be reasonably predicted.

Association of the Common Cold in the First Trimester of Pregnancy With Birth Defects

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Wen-wei Cai
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Objective. To examine the association between the common cold with or without fever in the first 3 months of pregnancy and birth defects in offspring. Design. A case-control study. Setting. Data are from the Shanghai Birth Defects Monitoring Program, conducted in 29 hospitals in Shanghai, China from October 1, 1986 to September 30, 1987. Subjects. A total of 986 birth defects cases, 990 frequency-matched live birth controls, and 159 stillbirth controls. Results. Modestly elevated risk of birth defects was identified among women who reported having a cold with or without fever in the first trimester of pregnancy. Notably increased relative risks were observed for anencephalus (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 7.7), spina bifida (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.7 to 9.7), hydrocephalus (OR = 2.3, 95 % CI = 1.1 to 5.1), cleft lip (OR = 2.2, 95 % CI = 1.4 to 3.4), and undescended testicle (OR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.0 to 3.0). Our study further found that the overall relative risks were consistent by using two different control groups, suggesting that this association was unlikely to be due to recall or report bias. Conclusion. Common cold in the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of birth defects in offspring. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF THE NORTHERN JUNE BEETLE, PHYLLOPHAGA FUSCA, AND THE COMMON JUNE BEETLE, P. ANXIA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Guppy
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Flight Season ◽  
The Common ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
High Soil Temperature ◽  
Oviposition Sites

AbstractIn western Quebec, first flight of overwintered adults of the northern June beetle, Phyllophaga fusca (Froelich), and the common June beetle, P. anxia (Le Conte), occurred in mid-May with the accumulation of about 156 degree-days above 5 °C beginning 1 April. When soil temperature was 10 °C or higher, flight started 12–45 min after sunset, apparently in response to an endogenous rhythm that was triggered by low light intensity within the range 1.0 to 96.9 lux; high soil temperature induced early flight. Early in the flight season, duration of flight was 10–46 min and was inversely related to time of flight initiation. In early June, the flight began in darkness and was associated with peak oviposition and ageing; it lasted 20–35 min and was directed into the trees or to oviposition sites within a field.Males were attracted to light during a pre-copulatory flight which lasted more than 1 h until maximum coupling occurred near 2230 h; beetles remained in copula for 3 h or more. Morning flight directly back to the soil was triggered by light intensity increasing to about 1.0 lux.

scholarly journals Density of the Waterborne Parasite Ceratomyxa shasta and Its Biological Effects on Salmon

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 3724-3731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha L. Hallett ◽  
R. Adam Ray ◽  
Charlene N. Hurst ◽  
Richard A. Holt ◽  
Gerri R. Buckles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Klamath River ◽  
Specific Parasite

ABSTRACTThe myxozoan parasiteCeratomyxa shastais a significant pathogen of juvenile salmonids in the Pacific Northwest of North America and is limiting recovery of Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon populations in the Klamath River. We conducted a 5-year monitoring program that comprised concurrent sentinel fish exposures and water sampling across 212 river kilometers of the Klamath River. We used percent mortality and degree-days to death to measure disease severity in fish. We analyzed water samples using quantitative PCR and Sanger sequencing, to determine total parasite density and relative abundance ofC. shastagenotypes, which differ in their pathogenicity to salmonids. We detected the parasite throughout the study zone, but parasite density and genetic composition fluctuated spatially and temporally. Chinook and coho mortality increased with density of their specific parasite genotype, but mortality-density thresholds and time to death differed. A lethality threshold of 40% mortality was reached with 10 spores liter−1for Chinook but only 5 spores liter−1for coho. Parasite density did not affect degree-days to death for Chinook but was negatively correlated for coho, and there was wider variation among coho individuals. These differences likely reflect the different life histories and genetic heterogeneity of the salmon populations. Direct quantification of the density of host-specific parasite genotypes in water samples offers a management tool for predicting host population-level impacts.

Observations of an aggregation between two species of Australian elapid snakes: the threatened Little Whip Snake Parasuta flagellum and Common Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Hansen ◽  
Damon L. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Whip Snake

This short note presents field observations of a pair of adult threatened Little Whip Snakes Parasuta flagellum and a pair of juvenile Common Eastern Brown Snakes Pseudonaja textilis in an aggregation beneath artificially placed Masonite board used in the Turallo Nature Reserve long-term Little Whip Snake monitoring program. The observation represents the first documented record of an interspecific aggregation between these two species. Presumably, there may be thermal or anti-predatory advantages for the Little Whip Snake by aggregating with other snakes, particularly when both species are of a similar size. However, similar behaviours may also have fitness disadvantages including food competition, and potentially predation as the Common Eastern Brown Snake neonates grow and surpass the substantially smaller Little Whip Snake and warrants further experimental research.

scholarly journals Should the Common Buzzard be hunted?

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tibor Csörgő ◽  
Richárd Zornánszky ◽  
Tibor Szép ◽  
Péter Fehérvári
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Common Buzzard ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rodent Populations ◽  
Anatomical Constraints

Abstract The Common Buzzard is a widespread and abundant raptor in Europe. Recently, game keepers have argued that the buzzard population has increased in Hungary and is threatening valuable small game species. Hunting of the buzzard has been prohibited since 1933, and since 1954 it has also been protected by law, in Hungary. Here we review scientific literature on recent population changes of the species, prey composition, and anatomical constraints of foraging. We show that according to the Common Bird Monitoring Program the breeding population remained stable in 1992-2012. Because of its anatomy and its hunting techniques it is not able to hunt efficiently for valuable small game. According to studies made with different methods in different parts of Europe in the last century, most of its prey species are small mammals. Therefore, the Common Buzzard population may help sustain rodent populations, thus providing essential ecosystem services for agriculture. Game species can also occur in the diet, however the proportion is negligible and buzzards usually acquire such prey as carcasses or handicapped individuals. We found no justification in favour of lifting the hunting ban of Common Buzzards in Hungary.

A NOTE ON PELECINUS POLYTURATOR (HYMENOPTERA: PELECINIDAE), A PARASITE OF PHYLLOPHAGA ANXIA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Lim ◽  
W.N. Yule ◽  
R.K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Common ◽  
Phyllophaga Anxia

The common June beetle, Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte), is an indigenous pest of agricultural crops in North America (Hammond 1948; Ritcher 1949). A bionomic study and survey for natural enemies of P. anxia was conducted in southern Quebec from 1975 to 1977. Pasture soils were searched for immature stages of P. anxia, and any natural enemies found in situ were collected. A prepupa and pupae of Pelecinus polyturator (Drury) were found in the pasture on several occasions. Previously, P. polyturator had been reported as a parasite of grubs of Phyllophaga spp. (Davis 1919; Petch and Hammond 1925, 1926; Brues 1928; Hammond 1944), and its distribution ranges from Canada to Argentina (Masner 1979).

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