ABERRANT AUTUMNAL MIGRATION OF THE EASTERN POPULATION OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY, DANAUS P. PLEXIPPUS (LEPIDOPTERA: DANAIDAE) AS IT RELATES TO THE OCCURRENCE OF STRONG WESTERLY WINDS

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1281-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Urquhart ◽  
N. R. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Overwintering Site

AbstractStrong westerly winds occurring during autumnal migration of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly in North America, affect those butterflies migrating from areas east of long. 90°. The following aberrant migratory routes are presented: (1) Migrants moving down the Atlantic coast pass through the Florida peninsula to western Cuba thence to the overwintering site in Guatemala and Honduras; (2) migrants forced over the Atlantic ocean eventually reach the Bahama islands and thence to Yucatan, or Honduras via Jamaica and other islands of the Caribbean Sea, to the overwintering site in Guatemala and Honduras; (3) migrants arriving in the eastern islands of the Greater Antilles may eventually arrive in the Cordilleran mountains of Columbia and northwestern Venezuela; (4) migrants from the Lesser Antilles may return, along with members of a first generation, in the spring without establishing an overwintering site—the fate of these few occasional spring migrants is unknown.

VERNAL MIGRATION OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (DANAUS P. PLEXIPPUS, LEPIDOPTERA: DANAIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA FROM THE OVERWINTERING SITE IN THE NEO-VOLCANIC PLATEAU OF MEXICO

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Urquhart ◽  
N. R. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Overwintering Site ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe vernal migration routes of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus L.) in North America were plotted from data resulting from the recapture of migrants alar tagged in the overwintering site of the Neo-volcanic Plateau of Mexico. One migrant, which had been alar tagged at Decorah, Iowa, on 3 September 1973, and recaptured 7 months later on 8 April 1974 at Richmond, Texas, led to the conclusion that this particular migrant had flown to the Mexican overwintering site and was recaptured on its return vernal flight. This recapture also gave data indicating that it was not returning to the original breeding area, from which it is concluded that although some migrants may return to the original breeding grounds many may not do so.

Autumnal migration routes of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus p. plexippus L.; Danaidae; Lepidoptera) in North America to the overwintering site in the Neovolcanic Plateau of Mexico

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1759-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Urquhart ◽  
N. R. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Monarch Butterflies ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Overwintering Site

Based upon numerous recaptures of alar-tagged migrating monarch butterflies, together with extensive field expeditions through various parts of North and Central America, the migrating routes of monarchs have been plotted with considerable accuracy.Five overwintering areas have been defined representing 13 loci of concentrations, in the Neovolcanic Plateau of Mexico.It appears that migrants from the breeding areas of the Great Plains region overwinter in the western mountains of Mexico and those from breeding areas east of the Great Plains region overwinter in the eastern mountains. The greatest concentration occurs in the central mountains and represents migrations from parts of the Great Plains regions and parts of the eastern regions.

scholarly journals High Survivorship of First-Generation Monarch Butterfly Eggs to Third Instar Associated with a Diverse Arthropod Community

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Misty Stevenson ◽  
Kalynn L. Hudman ◽  
Alyx Scott ◽  
Kelsey Contreras ◽  
Jeffrey G. Kopachena
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
North Texas ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Predator Abundance ◽  
A Site

Based on surveys of winter roost sites, the eastern migratory population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in North America appears to have declined in the last 20 years and this has prompted the implementation of numerous conservation strategies. However, there is little information on the survivorship of first-generation monarchs in the core area of occupancy in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana where overwinter population recovery begins. The purpose of this study was to determine the survivorship of first-generation eggs to third instars at a site in north Texas and to evaluate host plant arthropods for their effect on survivorship. Survivorship to third instar averaged 13.4% and varied from 11.7% to 15.6% over three years. The host plants harbored 77 arthropod taxa, including 27 predatory taxa. Despite their abundance, neither predator abundance nor predator richness predicted monarch survival. However, host plants upon which monarchs survived often harbored higher numbers of non-predatory arthropod taxa and more individuals of non-predatory taxa. These results suggest that ecological processes may have buffered the effects of predators and improved monarch survival in our study. The creation of diverse functional arthropod communities should be considered for effective monarch conservation, particularly in southern latitudes.

Predation on marine-phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by gannets (Morus bassanus) in the Northwest Atlantic

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Montevecchi ◽  
D K Cairns ◽  
R A Myers
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Pelagic Food Webs ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Foraging Ranges

Predation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has been recorded in rivers and estuaries, but there is little documentation of predation at sea. Prey landed by gannets (Morus bassanus) over 24 years in a large colony off northeast Newfoundland included small proportions of post-smolt Atlantic salmon. Before 1990, when shifts in oceanographic conditions and pelagic food webs occurred in the Labrador Sea, post-smolts, on average, made up 0.29% of estimated intake by gannets during August 1977–1989. In contrast, during the 1990s, this estimate increased to 2.53%, peaking at 6.37% in 1993. Model estimates with wide error margins projected that gannets consumed a mean of 1.6 t and 19.2 t of post-smolts during August 1977–1989 and 1990–2000, respectively, making up 0.22% and 2.70% of estimated North American post-smolt biomass during these periods. The migratory routes of post-smolt Atlantic salmon pass through the foraging ranges of gannet colonies, but limited sampling at colonies other than Funk has not revealed salmon in gannet diets. Sampling seabird diets is an economic, biological means of investigating the ecology and natural mortality of Atlantic salmon. Spatial and temporal expansion of this sampling would enhance its oceanographic context and reduce uncertainty associated with estimates of predation by seabirds.

scholarly journals Understanding the Urgent Need for Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the Spanish-Speaking Greater Antilles

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Fuentes-Luque ◽  
Pabsi Livmar González-Irizarry
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Caribbean

Even though Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is growing and flourishing throughout the world, it is practically unheard-of in the Caribbean, where accessibility faces an even bleaker existence. The circumstances of the deaf and hard of hearing (also referred to as D/deaf) are no less alarming: social barriers and exclusion are widespread. This paper emphasizes the need to make subtitles accessible in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, and underscores the challenges faced by the D/deaf communities on each island. Our research focuses on issues like AVT laws and regulations, the habits of viewers of audiovisual (AV) products, and literacy and limitations on each island. This paper also examines the different types of D/deaf audiovisual consumers in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and the difficulties each community faces when accessing media and entertainment. Our research reveals the current state of AVT accessibility in this region and provides a foundation for influencing legislators to begin enforcing AVT regulations and drafting SDH guidelines.

London Calypso

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bidnall
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
The Caribbean

“London Calypso” examines the burst of popular enthusiasm for Trinidadian calypso that coincided with the arrival of the first generation of postwar settlers to London from the Caribbean. To explain this phenomenon, Bidnall traces the calypso’s roots as a vehicle of unbridled social commentary and bawdy celebration. The reflections of calypsonians Lord Kitchener, Lord Beginner, Lord Invader and others, captured on records from labels like Melodisc and Parlophone, were therefore a unique barometer of the rewards and frustrations of postwar migration for the West Indian community. “London Is The Place For Me” may be the most celebrated of this oeuvre, but the legacy of the London calypsonians is rawer and more unbridled.

Environmental Aspects of the Atlantic Slave Trade and Caribbean Plantations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Beinart ◽  
Lotte Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
European Consumer ◽  
Agrarian Communities ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Cod Fisheries ◽  
Colonial New England

The Atlantic world became Britain’s main early imperial arena in the seventeenth century. Subsequent to Ireland, North America and the Caribbean were the most important zones of British settler colonialism. At the northern limits of settlement, around the Atlantic coast, the St Lawrence River, the Great Lakes and on the shores of the Hudson Bay, cod fisheries and fur-trading networks were established in competition with the French. This intrusion, while it had profound effects on the indigenous population, was comparatively constrained. Secondly, British settlements were founded in colonial New England from 1620. Expanding agrarian communities, based largely on family farms, displaced Native Americans, while the ports thrived on trade and fisheries. In the hotter zones to the south, both in the Caribbean and on the mainland, slave plantations growing tropical products became central to British expansion. Following in Spanish footsteps, coastal Virginia was occupied in 1607 and various Caribbean islands were captured from the 1620s: Barbados in 1627, and Jamaica in 1655. The Atlantic plantation system was shaped in part by environment and disease. But these forces cannot be explored in isolation from European capital and consumption, or the balance of political power between societies in Europe, Africa, and America. An increase in European consumer demand for relatively few agricultural commodities—sugar, tobacco, cotton, and to a lesser extent ginger, coffee, indigo, arrowroot, nutmeg, and lime—drove plantation production and the slave trade. The possibility of providing these largely non-essential additions for British consumption arose from a ‘constellation’ of factors ‘welded in the seventeenth century’ and surviving until the mid-nineteenth century, aided by trade protectionism. This chapter analyses some of these factors and addresses the problem of how much weight can be given to environmental explanations. Plantations concentrated capital and large numbers of people in profoundly hierarchical institutions that occupied relatively little space in the newly emerging Atlantic order. In contrast to the extractive enterprise of the fur trade, this was a frontier of agricultural production, which required little involvement from indigenous people. On some islands, such as Barbados, Spanish intrusions had already decimated the Native American population before the British arrived; there was little resistance.

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