LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF VIRUS–FENITROTHION COMBINATIONS AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

AbstractSpruce budworm infested stands of white spruce and balsam fir were aerially sprayed with an entomopox virus, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), a low dose of fenitrothion, and the two virus–chemical insecticide combinations. Long-term assessment of the efficacy of the treatments showed that NPV + a low dose of fenitrothion suppressed the budworm population density particularly on balsam fir below that causing economic damage for 3 years due mainly to transmission of the virus from one generation to the next and maintenance of natural control agents in the population.

LONG TERM STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AERIAL APPLICATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS – ACEPHATE COMBINATIONS AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Long Term Study

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Dipel® 36B) mixed with a sublethal concentration of acephate (Orthene®) (O, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate), an organophosphorous insecticide, was applied at 2.35–14 l./ha to white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) trees infested with spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). The treatment rate was 20 Billion International Units of B. thuringiensis (B.t.) activity with or without 42 g of active ingredient of acephate/ha.The ground deposit of the standard Dipel wettable powder formulation was 12% of emitted volume compared with 21–32% for the Dipel 36B flowable. The viability of B.t. spores was drastically reduced after 1 day of weathering but a high level of biological activity by the spore–crystal complex persisted for up to 20 days post-spray due probably to crystal activity.The addition of about 10% of the recommended operational rate of acephate to the B.t. suspension increased larval mortality by 34% when applied at 4.7 l./ha. Reductions in budworm populations were 97–99% in B.t. + acephate plots and 86–90% in B.t. alone plots.Plots with moderate budworm densities of up to 27 larvae/100 buds on white spruce and 36/100 on balsam fir were satisfactorily protected from excessive defoliation in the year of spray by B.t. with or without acephate. Plots with higher population densities were not satisfactorily protected based on the branch sample examination but aerial color photographs indicated good protection to the top third of the trees. Population declines were greater and defoliation and oviposition were lower in the treated plots than in the untreated checks 1 year later without further treatment. Two years later the larval population densities in all plots were low but the density was twice as high in the untreated check as in the treated plots, indicating long term suppression by the treatments. Defoliation was negligible in all plots.The treatments had no deleterious effect on spruce budworm parasitism. The data indicate that the integrated approach using Bacillus thuringiensis – chemical pesticide combinations is a viable alternative to the use of chemical pesticides alone in spruce budworm control. Large scale testing is now warranted.

Infection of the Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, with a Nuclear Polyhidrosis Virus of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been isolated from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Bergold, 1949; Bird, 1949; Bergold, 1951; Bird and Whalen, 1954; Bird, 1959), but no similar virus has been recovered from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman. Since these two species are very closely related (Smith, 1953) it was of interest to determine if C. pinus is susceptible to the C. fumiferana virus.

YIELD OF OCCLUSION BODIES FROM SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), LARVAE INFECTED WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Economical Alternative

The eastern spruce budwonn, Choristoneuva fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulosis virus (GV), cytoplasmic virus (CPV), and entomopox virus (EPV), of which the most intensively studied is NPV (CfMNPV) (Cunningham 1985). If CfMNPV is ever to be deemed an effective and economical alternative to chemical pesticides for spruce budworm control, additional research is required.

RESPONSE OF THIRD-, FOURTH-, FIFTH-, AND SIXTH-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.), LARVAE TO NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Kaupp ◽  
P.M. Ebling
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Feeding Techniques

Four different types of insect viruses have been isolated from the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), but most research efforts have been concentrated on developing the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) as a viable control agent (Cunningham 1985). There are no published reports of LD50 values for this important forest pest. Recently, a LC50 of 483 viral polyhedra per square millimetre of diet surface for fifth-instar budworm larvae was determined using surface contamination feeding techniques (Cunningham et al. 1983). Because the dosages used in efficacy trials are derived from laboratory LD50 values, experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of this NPV to eastern spruce budworm. Bioassays were conducted with all feeding instars. Reported here are values for the LD50 dosages for third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae.

CHANGES IN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), BIOMASS IN STANDS TREATED WITH COMMERCIAL BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris ◽  
A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Biomass Reduction

AbstractLarval biomass of the spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in balsam fir, Abies balsamea L., stands was significantly reduced following aerial applications of commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) (Thuricide 16B®, 24B and 32BX and Dipel 85®). Treatment with Dipel vehicle (Dipel 88® without B.t.) did not affect larval biomass. Biomass reduction following the Thuricide treatment was directly related to feeding activity. These findings support published observations on the long-term effect of B.t. on budworm populations.

Dissemination of Viruses Against the Spruce Budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs ◽  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Made In

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is susceptible to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and to a granulosis virus which may occur as single infections (Bergold 1950, 1951) or as double infections (Bird, 1959). Laboratory studies have shown that relatively heavy concentrations of either virus musr be injected or fed to hudworm larvae to cause infection and death. In one quantitative study Bergold (1951) estimated that the intralymphal LD50 of the polyhedrosis virus for the budworm is about 5000 times that for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., when each is administered to its natural host. Field tests of the viruses were made in 1959 and 1960 to determine whether infection and mortality would result from spraying suspensions in infested forests.

Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda and Choristoneura fumiferana cell lines with the baculovirus Choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 932-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jian Liu ◽  
Eric B. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Extracellular Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Alfalfa Looper

The growth properties of cell lines derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (alfalfa looper) and Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce budworm) were investigated. The data demonstrated that the spruce bud worm cell line grew more slowly than the alfalfa looper cell line, and this reduced growth rate appeared to affect the rate of baculovirus replication in infected cells. Trypsinizing the spruce budworm cells or varying the multiplicity of infection did not greatly influence the rate of viral replication. Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was able to replicate its DNA and synthesize late and very late proteins in both cell lines but did not produce infectious extracellular virus in the spruce budworm cell line. The replication cycle of C. fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus did not produce late proteins or infectious extracellular virus in the alfalfa looper cells. The results indicate that S. frugiperda cells are nonpermissive for the C. fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus but C. fumiferana cells are semipermissive for the A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, resulting in an abortive infection.Key words: baculovirus, host specificity, AcMNPV, CfMNPV, spruce budworm.

Purification and properties of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Choristoneura fumiferana

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil M. Arif ◽  
Keith W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Potassium Tartrate ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Nonionic Detergent ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Equilibrium Centrifugation

The polyhedral inclusion bodies of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana were purified by fluorocarbon treatment, sucrose columns, sucrose density gradients, and equilibrium centrifugation. The preparation yields a single and homogeneous band in potassium tartrate gradients at a density of 1.193 g/ml. The virions were released from the polyhedra by alkali treatment and purified by either rate zonal or equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose gradients. The purified virions, which band at a density of 1.265–1.300 g/ml in sucrose, were infectious to the spruce budworm larvae and their mean LD50 was 1.09 ± 0.1 μg of virus. However, viral nucleocapsids, released by a nonionic detergent, Nonidet P-40, had a density of 1.315 g/ml and were noninfectious by either per os inoculation or intrahemocoelic injection.

PATHOGENICITY OF THE IRELAND STRAIN OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS TO SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, LARVAE

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
J.W. Barrett ◽  
B.M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) has been studied extensively for its potential use as a bio-insecticide (Cunningham 1995). Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have been impetuous in the genetic engineering of this virus to increase its virulence and (or) speed of action. This aspect of research has been concentrated on the modification of a plaque purified (Ireland strain) isolate obtained from the wild-type virus population (Arif et al. 1984). To assess any improvement in the effectiveness against the target pest, the virulence of the unaltered virus must first be determined. Bioassay results that have been previously reported by Kaupp and Ebling (1990) were conducted on the wild-type virus found in nature which consists of a mixture of viruses (Arif et al. 1994). Results of bioassays conducted to determine dose–response and time–response of fifth-instar spruce budworm larvae to the Ireland strain of CfMNPV are reported here.

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