LABORATORY REARING OF THE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): OVIPOSITION AND LARVAL DIETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. AliNiazee ◽  
R. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens

AbstractIn a laboratory study, larvae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were successfully reared on an artificial diet consisting of wood pulp, agar, wheat germ, Brewer’s yeast, sugar, salt, choline chloride, ascorbic, citric and propionic acids, cholesterol, methyl para-hydroxybenzoate (MPH), and water. Ten other diets consisting of various ingredients obtained variable results. A premixed tropical fruit fly diet (prepared by Nutritional Biochemicals, Cleveland, Ohio) was not suitable for rearing the cherry maggots. Formaldehyde was not satisfactory as a mold inhibitor.The eggs were obtained on artificial cherries made up of a soft ceresin wax. No oviposition occurred on the other materials tested (candle wax, a regular ceresin wax, beeswax, and silicone). Significantly (5% level) more eggs were deposited on wax cherries of orange, green, and greenish-yellow colors than black, red, white and blue. A laboratory rearing method employing orange colored wax cherries and an artificial larval diet was established for culturing the western cherry fruit flies.

Reproductive isolation between two closely related species of the Queensland fruit fly Dracus tryoni (Frogg) and D. neohumeralis Hardy (Diptera : Tephritidae) II. Genetic variation in humeral callus pattern in each species as compared with laboratory-bred hybrids

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wolda
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Selection Experiment ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Range Of Variation

The variation in humeral callus pattern in Dacus tryoni is genetic. The more brown there is in the parents, the more there is in the offspring. The possible range of variation in D. tryoni obtained in a selection experiment is from an almost entirely yellow humeral callus to a completely brown one. The variation in Dacus neohumeralis is also genetic. The range of variation seen in D. neohumeralis in a selection experiment is from an entirely brown humeral callus to a very large yellow area. The possible range of variation extends probably to much more yellow. The actual colour forms obtained were different in the two species. For a given length of the yellow area in D. neohumeralis flies this yellow area is narrower, further away from the posterior margin of the humeral callus, further away from the posterodorsal margin and closer to the frontal margin, than it is in D. tryoni. In D. neohumeralis the yellow is dirty greenish yellow while in D. tryoni it is bright yellow. The range of variation in F1 hybrids between the two species is different again. The darker F1 flies closely resemble D. neohumeralis, in fact most F1 flies from these experiments were of this type. The more yellow F1 flies are very like D. tryoni and the ones intermediate between these two are unlike any D. tryoni or D. neohumeralis seen. The range of variation in F2 hybrids is much greater than in either species. In fact it covers the whole range of both species. Over the entire range of variation one finds some flies that look like variants of D. tryoni, some that look like variants of D. neohumeralis, and again some others that look different. At the darker end of the scale, variants resembling D. neohumeralis predominate while it is variants resembling D. tryoni that are most the frequent on the other end of the scale. The flies obtained from the wild could all easily be classified as either D. tryoni or D. neohumeralis variants. It is concluded that the occurrence of intermediates is no evidence for hybridization between the two species taking place in the field. The evidence available from the literature in favour of the hypothesis that the two species do hybridize is discussed and it is shown that this evidence can also easily be explained under the hypothesis that they are completely isolated reproductively. Selection in D. tryoni in the wild apparently favours flies with some dorsal brown and acts against both extremes, an entirely yellow humeral callus on one hand and more brown on the humeral callus on the other. Selection in D. neohumeralis in the wild apparently favours flies with a mottled brown humeral callus and acts against both plain brown and yellow areas. The nature of the selective factors bringing this about is still unknown.

Comparative Analysis of Two Rearing Procedures for Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shelton ◽  
R. J. Cooley ◽  
M. K. Kroening ◽  
W. T. Wilsey ◽  
S. D. Eigenbrode
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Larval Survivorship ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Rape Seedlings

Rape seedlings, Brassica napus L., and a wheat germ-based artificial diet were compared as media for rearing diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), for six generations. Mean pupal weight and total number of eggs laid per female were always greater when larvae were reared on artificial diet; however, percentage of eggs hatching was usually greater and development time usually shorter when larvae were reared on rape seedlings. High larval survivorship (>70%) could be obtained on either media. Larvae which were reared on artificial diet were consistently more susceptible to the insecticides methomyl and permethrin, indicating potential problems in using artificial diet for insecticide studies. When larvae were reared on either medium for six generations and then transferred to cabbage, larval survivorship was nearly equal, indicating that either method could be used for artificially incoculating plants for host plant resistance studies. Although it was easier and cheaper to rear DBM on artificial diet, recommendations for using one rearing method over the other must be based on the ultimate use of the colony.

scholarly journals Exposure Time and age Links Parasitism, Emergence and Development of Pupal Parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii Against Bactrocera zonata

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata

The parasitism, emergence and development of pupal parasitoid, Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) was assessed against the pupae of the fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), under laboratory conditions. The fruit fly and D. giffardii were reared in glass cages on the artificial diet, and a known number of different 1-hour (fresh), 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 4-day old pupae were offered to the respective parasitoids for a period of 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. It was noted that the parasitism was increased gradually with an increase in pupal age and exposure time. The highest parasitism occurred on 3-day old pupae followed by 4-day, 2-day, 1-day and 1 hour (fresh) old pupae. The studies also manifested that exposure time and host age have a significant effect on the oviposition, per female parasitism, percent parasitism, emergence and development of pupal parasitoid, D. giffardii. The average developmental time of parasitoid was recorded significantly longer in 1-hour (fresh) old pupae than in the older pupae. The study revealed that D. giffardii is a virtuous candidate for the biological control of B. zonata and the pupae of B. zonata might be the perfect host for laboratory rearing of this parasitoid.

Seasonal Distributions of Eggs and Larvae of Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Cherries

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wee L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Major Stage ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The seasonal distributions of eggs and first-, second-, and third-instar larvae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), in sweet cherries were determined at three sites in central Washington in 2002 and 2003. The egg was the major stage during early, mid and late season. The distributions of eggs (i.e., the percentages of total immature stages that were eggs) were similar all season, but those of first, second and third instars were greatest in late season. First, second and third instars occurred in similar numbers in 2002, but third instars were the most abundant in 2003. Tree quadrant had no effect on egg and larval densities and distributions. The majority of infested fruit had only one egg or larva, but there were significant increases in percentages of fruit with two or ≥ three eggs or larvae as percentages of fruit that were infested increased during the season. When there were two larvae in a fruit, one was larger than the other in 90.8% of cases. Results indicate time of season but not location within trees (1.5 to 2 m above ground) has differential effects on egg and larval distributions in fruit and on female oviposition behaviors that may result in multiple infestations and larval interactions. Seasonal effects on immature stages are probably related to developmental times and stage-specific mortality; whereas, effects on adults may be related to reduced availability of unoccupied fruit for oviposition.

Wheat germ oil in larval diet influences gene expression in adult oriental fruit fly

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiou Ling Chang ◽  
Thomas A. Coudron ◽  
Cynthia Goodman ◽  
David Stanley ◽  
Shiheng An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil

THE EFFECT OF A NEEM (AZIDIRACHTA INDICA) BASED INSECTICIDE ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. vanRanden ◽  
B.D. Roitberg
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractIn the laboratory a proprietary, neem-based insecticide formulation (NBI) was evaluated as a potential pest management tool for the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (WCFF). NBI was tested for its potential effects on survival and development of juvenile WCFF. Incorporation of NBI into an artificial larval diet resulted in a decrease in the formation of pupae and subsequent adult emergence. Late third instar larvae exposed to NBI in sand were able to form puparia; however, the numbers of adults and pupae developing inside the puparia were decreased at concentrations as low as 0.05% NBI. Well-timed root drenches with NBI could control R. indifferens by disrupting pupation. Applied in this manner, NBI may provide cherry orchardists with an effective, new control tactic.

THE WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY, RHAGOLETIS INDIFFERENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): 3. DEVELOPING A MANAGEMENT PROGRAM BY UTILIZING ATTRACTANT TRAPS AS MONITORING DEVICES

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. AliNiazee
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Substantial Saving ◽  
Rhagoletis Indifferens ◽  
Monitoring Devices

AbstractAttractant traps, such as Pherocon ICPY®-MAGO trap and Pherocon®-AM Standard trap, were effective in monitoring emergence of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran. Among the aerial traps tested, ICPY-MAGO, Pherocon-AM Standard, and Saturn yellow colored rectangles and spheres were equally effective. The ammonium carbonate traps were significantly inferior. A management program that utilized aerial traps as monitoring devices reduced the amount of spraying from 20 to 100%, depending on the fly population in the orchard, and resulted in a substantial saving of spray costs.

Influence of Food and Larval Age on the Defensive Chemistry of Satumia pyri

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Deml
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Defensive Chemistry ◽  
Crataegus Monogyna ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

Abstract Scolus secretions and hemolymph of caterpillars of Satumia pyri fed with two different foodplants (Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa) were chemically analyzed and their chemical similarities determined. The secondary-compound patterns obtained for the two body fluids showed no significant differences when compared between the two groups of alterna­ tively fed last-instar larvae. Thus, the composition of these fluids of full-grown caterpillars is not influenced by the larval diet. However, younger larvae on P. spinosa revealed a diversity of compounds differing significantly from that of larger caterpillars fed with either C. mono­gyna (both body fluids) or P. spinosa (hemolymph only). This indicates that, on the one hand, the hemolymph composition is adapted to the changing physiological requirements of the given instars whereas, on the other hand, the defensive mixtures remain unaltered in the late larval instars due to a constant spectrum of potential enemies.

scholarly journals Survival analysis of orange tree varieties in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alcon ◽  
M. Angeles Fernández-Zamudio ◽  
Erasmo I. López-Becerra ◽  
M. Dolores De-Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Level Of Significance

The fundamental basis of Spanish citriculture is its varietal composition, which contributes to the existence of a marketing calendar that extends to almost the entire year. As time goes by, the supply of varieties is continuously renewed, requiring significant investments by growers. The guarantee of a quality supply to the markets, on one hand, and the optimal result of the investments made, on the other, require that, in managing the sector, the characteristics determining the survival of the varieties be taken into account. The main purpose of this study was therefore to assess the influence of the attributes affecting the longevity of orange plantations from a technical and commercial point of view. The duration analysis technique applied to the different varieties has been used. The main attributes determining the elimination of a variety were the presence of seeds in the fruit and the tendency towards a decrease in surface size. Permanence- or survival-friendly attributes included the calibre (large size of the variety, within its group) and the price received by farmers. Precocity, frost resistance, commercial quality and resistance to fruit fly did not have the expected level of significance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document