INVENTORY OF APHIDS ON SEVEN CONIFER SPECIES IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE INTRODUCED RED WOOD ANT, FORMICA LUGUBRIS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1199-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy N. McNeil ◽  
Johanne Delisle ◽  
R. J. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
And Control ◽  
Formica Lugubris ◽  
Red Wood Ant

AbstractAn inventory was taken of aphid species occurring on balsam fir, white spruce, larch, red pine, white pine, jack pine, and black spruce at two sites where the introduced red wood ant, Formica lugubris Zett., had been released. Twenty-one aphid species were found, all in the genus Cinara Curtis. Nine of these species, and possibly a tenth, were new records for Quebec. Observations on colony size and distribution on host trees, in ant infested and control blocks, were recorded.

Critical period of interspecific competition for four northern conifers: 10-year growth response and associated vegetation dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2474-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Wagner ◽  
Andrew P Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Vegetation Control

The influence of the timing and duration of interspecific competition on planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was assessed using 10-year growth responses in a northern Ontario experiment. Stand volume was 117%, 208%, 224%, and 343% higher for jack pine, red pine, white pine, and black spruce, respectively, with 5 years of vegetation control than with no vegetation control. Stand volume increased linearly with number of years of vegetation control, and the slope of the relationship varied among conifer species. Change-point regression analysis was used to derive segmented weed-free and weed-infested curves, and to simultaneously estimate key critical-period parameters. Weed-free and weed-infested curves in the 10th year were similar to those derived in year 5, indicating that the patterns established during the first few years after planting were relatively robust for the first decade. The critical-period was 2 and 3 years after planting for jack pine and red pine, respectively, and occupied most of the 5-year period for white pine and black spruce. Principal components analysis of the vegetation community indicated that repeated herbicide applications caused differential shifts in the relative abundance of shrub, fern, and moss species through the 10th year. Species richness, however, was not substantially different between the untreated control and the most intensive treatments. Difference modeling was used to quantify how annual volume increment during the first decade varied with time, conifer species, cover of woody and herbaceous vegetation, and stage of development.

Root-rotting fungi associated with mortality of conifer saplings in northern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D. Whitney ◽  
Donald T. Myren
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Northern Ontario

The roots of 435 dead or dying saplings, averaging 10 years of age, of seven conifer species from the Boreal Forest of northern Ontario were examined for root rot. Only trees with no obvious cause of death or decline, other than root rot, were selected. Eighty-three percent of the trees had root rot. Cultures revealed that Armillariamellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Kummer was associated with root rot in 68% of all trees examined, including more than 45% of the trees in each species. Ten other root-rotting fungi were isolated from 1% or fewer of the trees, 7 of them from balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea [L.] Mill.) and 3 from black spruce (Piceamariana [Mill.] B.S.P.). Scytinostromagalactinum (Fr.) Donk was isolated from sapwood of roots and lower stems of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), balsam fir, white pine (P. strobes L.), and black spruce and appeared to be parasitic on these species. Coniophoraputeana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. was apparently associated with the death of one balsam fir.

scholarly journals Container Planting in Ontario

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Average Spacing ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
One Year ◽  
Principal Species

An average of 17 million tubed seedlings were planted annually in the Province of Ontario from 1966 to 1969. Plans call for increasing the programme to an estimated 20 million tubed seedlings in 1971.Tubed seedlings provide a supply of seedling stock, which can be planted during the summer months, making the best use of available labour supply. Other advantages are ease of planting on shallow-soiled sites, ease of handling, low planting costs, and flexibility provided by production of seedlings on short notice to meet immediate needs. The principal species grown are black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, red pine and white pine. The ground is generally site prepared prior to planting by mechanical scarification or prescribed burning. Planting is carried out at average spacing of 1,000 trees per acre. Survival figures of recent planting, after one year, indicate survival comparable to that of standard bare-rooted nursery stock.

Field Performance of Five Species in Four Different Containers in Maine

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
David I. Maass ◽  
Andrea N. Colgan ◽  
N. Lynn Cochran ◽  
Carl L. Haag ◽  
James A. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract Long-term performance of container-grown seedlings in Maine was unknown in the late 1970s. A study was established to test the performance of five conifer species: Norway, white and black spruce, and red and jack pine, grown in four containers of similar volume: Can-Am Multipot #1, Multipot #2, Japanese Paperpot FH408, and Styroblock 4. Seven years after outplanting, stem heights of jack pine and red pine were significantly greater for trees started in Multipot #2 containers. Three spruce species with the greatest growth were started in Multipot #1 containers. Paperpot seedlings ranked second in height for pines, Norway spruce, and white spruce; Styroblock 4's ranked last for all species. North. J. Appl. For. 6:183-185, December 1989.

Feeding Sites of Aphids of the Genus Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Northwestern Ontario

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 670-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Red Lake ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Common Juniper

While working at Cedar Lake in Northwestern Ontario in the summers of 1957 and 1958 the author was able to observe the feeding sites of various species of Cinara. Most of the observations were made within an area of a few square miles on either side of Highway 105, between Red Lake Road and Ear Falls, Ontario. This area is fairly typical of the Laurentian Shield, with numerous lakes, rocky ridges, sandy patches, and small bogs. The principal coniferous trees in this locality are black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. White spruce, white cedar, white pine, red pine, and common juniper are also present.

Critical period of interspecific competition for northern conifers associated with herbaceous vegetation

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 890-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Wagner ◽  
Gina H Mohammed ◽  
Thomas L Noland
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation

Using critical-period analysis, we examined the temporal effects of interspecific competition from herbaceous vegetation on seedlings of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) during the first 5 years after planting. The critical period is the time period during stand development when interspecific competition reduces tree growth. We found both similarities and differences in responses among tree species. Gains in stem volume index associated with increasing duration of vegetation control (expressed by weed-free curves) differed among species. In contrast, declines in stem volume index with increasing duration of competition after planting (expressed by weed-infested curves) were equal among species. Critical periods for stem volume index were shorter for shade-intolerant jack and red pine (1 and 2 years after planting) than for more shade-tolerant white pine and black spruce (1-3 years for spruce and 1-4 years for white pine). Intolerant species had greater absolute stem volume growth, but smaller relative declines from continuous association with herbaceous vegetation (85, 81, 78, and 67% for white pine, black spruce, red pine, and jack pine, respectively). Herbaceous vegetation did not affect survival and had a variable influence on height growth of all species.

Control of conifer defoliators with neem-based systemic bioinsecticides using a novel injection device

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair V. Helson ◽  
D. Barry Lyons ◽  
Kevin W. Wanner ◽  
Taylor A. Scarr
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Automobile Tire ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Maple Sap ◽  
Pine False Webworm ◽  
Conifer Trees

AbstractA systemic tree injection tube was designed to introduce the required volumes of neem-based bioinsecticides into conifer trees. The device consists of plastic tubing attached with hose clamps to a maple sap spile at one end and a tubeless automobile tire valve at the other end. A hole is drilled in the tree, the spile is hammered into the hole, the device is filled with the systemic insecticide, and the system is pressurized by attaching a bicycle pump to the tire valve. The parts are readily available, the device is simple to construct and easy and quick to install on a tree, application volumes are adjustable, and the device is reusable. This device has been used successfully to inject 188 trees representing four conifer species in either spring or fall, primarily with neem formulations but also with dimethoate, imidacloprid, and acephate. In most cases, all of the material was injected into the trees without leakage, although neem formulations were characteristically slow to enter the trees and certain neem formulations were not injected completely at volumes above 15 mL per injection tube. Dosages of 0.2 g azadirachtin/cm of diameter at breast height (dbh) or less provided control of pine false webworm, spruce budworm, cedar leafminers, gypsy moth, and introduced pine sawfly on red pine, white spruce, eastern white cedar, white pine, and white pine, respectively. Dosages as low as 0.005 g active ingredient/cm of dbh applied with injection tubes in either one or two holes per tree resulted in a 95% reduction in defoliation of mature (mean dbh ± SD = 23.4 ± 3.3 cm) red pine caused by pine false webworm.

An investigation of product form

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roebbelen ◽  
V. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Diameter Outside Bark

Product form (P) of a tree has been defined as the product of diameter-outside-bark at midheight above breast height (d) and total height (H) (P = d × H). It is used along with diameter breast height (D) in product form volume equations (VPF = f(P,D)) for estimating individual tree volumes. It is hypothesized that for each coniferous species, there exists some optimal height at which a diameter measurement can be taken and used in a product form term to estimate the inside-bark volume with minimum error. Regression equations and simpler expressions of the form V = D2 × H × F were developed for red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) using six upper diameter locations. The optimal location of the upper diameter was found to be 50% of the total height for red pine and white pine and 47% of total height for jack pine and black spruce. Product form is redefined as P = d* × H where d* = diameter-outside-bark at that average relative height on the tree where d* = (2 × V)/(D × H) as determined from a small sample of scaled trees, for each species and H = total height of tree.

The influence of shelter and the hypothetical effect of fire severity on the postfire establishment of conifers from seed

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thomas ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Seedling Community

Surface-charred organic matter is a common but unfavourable postfire seedbed in eastern Canada. Slatted screens providing 0, 25, 50, and 75% cover were used to shelter 1-m2 charred plots from direct sunlight. Plots were sown with four conifer species. Jack pine (Pinnsbanksiana Lamb.) established abundantly on all plots and dominated on unsheltered areas. As shelter increased, eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), and eventually balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) increased in number. Thus, the size and composition of the seedling community depended upon the amount of shelter given. To test whether postfire herbaceous and shrub vegetation could have a similar effect, seeds were sown on pairs of charred 1-m2 plots. Vegetation was removed weekly from one plot of each pair. Removal of vegetation decreased the establishment of balsam fir and black spruce but not red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.). It was concluded that, during the first growing season, changes in vegetation cover produce changes in establishment similar to those found using slatted screens. Increasing fire severity (organic matter consumption) may reduce the postfire vegetation cover. A hypothetical model is presented, linking the establishment of the above five species to fire severity.

NEW RECORDS AND NOTES OF SALTATORIA (ORTHOPTERA) IN ONTARIO

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
New Records ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Southern Ontario

Oecanthus pini Beutenmuller. Since O. pini is known to range from Massachusetts west to Ohio and south to North Carolina, it is not surprising to find it in extreme southern Ontario. The specimens here recorded were found on white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Sol. and jack pine (Pinus Banksiana Lam.) in an area devoted to reforestation.

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