LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF 16 EXPERIMENTAL COMPOUNDS AS SOIL INSECTICIDES

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
S. A. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Soil Insecticides ◽  
Northern Corn Rootworm

AbstractThe effectiveness of 16 experimental compounds as soil insecticides was assessed under laboratory conditions. Chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, and dieldrin were included as standard insecticides. Spectrum of activity as contact insecticides was determined using 24–48 h nymphs of the field cricket, Acheta pennsylvanicus (Burmeister), 24–48 h onion maggot adults, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), third stage darksided cutworms, Euxoa messoria (Harris), northern corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), and honeybees, Apis mellifera L. First stage crickets were used to assess the biological activity of experimental compounds relative to soil type, moisture, and temperature and also their volatility in moist sand and persistence of biological activity over a 48 week period. All of the insecticides showed broad spectrum contact activity. Twelve showed fair to very good potential in soil. Four insecticides, Shell WL 24794 (O,O-dimethyl-S-1-[3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolyl)] ethyl phosphorodithioate), Shell WL 25735 (O-[2-chloro-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl) vinyl] O-methyl methylphosphonothioate), Shell WL 26738 (O-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) vinyl] O-methyl ethylphosphonothioate), and chlorpyrifos-methyl showed good potential. Two others, Counter® (S-[(tert-butylthio) methyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) and Shell WL 24073 (O-[2-chloro-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl) vinyl] O-methyl ethylphosphonothioate) were considered to have very good potential as soil insecticides.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL, PHORATE, AND COUNTER® IN SOIL

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Soil Insecticides ◽  
Northern Corn Rootworm

AbstractThe potential of chlorpyrifos-methyl and Counter® (S-[tert-butylthio) methyl] O, O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) as soil insecticides was assessed in the laboratory. Two established soil insecticides, chlorpyrifos and phorate, which are similar in chemical structure to chlorpyrifos-methyl and Counter respectively were included for comparative purposes. Spectrum of activity was determined using 24–48 h crickets, Acheta pennsylvanicus (Burmeister), 24–48 h adults, Chaetopsis spp., third stage darksided cutworms, Euxoa messoria (Harris), northern corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), and honeybees, Apis mellifera L. Chlorpyrifos-methyl and chlorpyrifos showed the broadest spectrum of activity being toxic to all five species of insects; Counter and phorate were toxic to four of the five. Initial activity in soil was assessed relative to soil type, moisture, and temperature using crickets as the indicator species. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was as effective and more consistent in activity than chlorpyrifos. Counter was more effective and consistent in soil than phorate other than under conditions of low soil moisture. No clear relationship between chemical structure and either direct contact or initial toxicity in soil was apparent. Tests on persistence of biological activity in mineral soil indicated that, as is generally the case with dimethyl and diethyl forms of organophosphorus insecticides, chlorpyrifos-methyl was even less persistent than chlorpyrifos. Counter was slightly more persistent than phorate. Although very active the potential of chlorpyrifos-methyl as a soil insecticide would be restricted by its limited persistence. Counter was considered to have good potential.

LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE CONTACT TOXICITY AND ACTIVITY IN SOIL OF FOUR PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
S. A. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Effective Contact ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Soil Insecticides ◽  
Northern Corn Rootworm

AbstractThe spectrum of contact toxicity and activity in soil of four pyrethroid insecticides was assessed in the laboratory. Pyrethroids tested were: FMC 33297 (3-phenoxybenzyl (±)-3-(2, 2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate); Shell WL 41706 (alpha-cyano-3 phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate); Shell WL 43467 (alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate); and Shell WL 43775 (alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-butyrate). Chlorpyrifos and carbofuran, two broad spectrum contact and soil insecticides were included for comparative purposes. Spectrum of contact toxicity was determined using 24–48 h nymphs of the common field cricket, Acheta pennsylvanicus (Burmeister), 24–48 h onion maggot adults, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), 3rd instar dark sided cutworms, Euxoa messoria (Harris), northern corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), and honeybees, Apis mellifera L. Crickets were used to assess insecticidal activity in soil relative to soil moisture, type, and temperature. The pyrethroids were effective contact insecticides comparable in toxicity and spectrum of activity to chlorpyrifos and carbofuran. They were particularly toxic to the darksided cutworm. They were less effective in mineral soil than chlorpyrifos. WL 43467 showed activity in mineral soil close to that of carbofuran, while the other pyrethroids were less active. Activity in soil was influenced by soil moisture and type. In contrast to the standard insecticides the pyrethroids generally showed a negative temperature coefficient of toxicity in soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seed Treatment and Soil-Applied Insecticides Against Larval Western and Northern Corn Rootworm, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan D Reinders ◽  
Zachary D Rystrom ◽  
Emily E Reinders ◽  
Timothy B Dang ◽  
Lance J Meinke
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Northern Corn Rootworm

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SOIL INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF LARVAL CORN ROOTWORM, 1999

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. DeVries ◽  
Robert J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Soil Insecticides

scholarly journals Development of a nondiapausing strain of northern corn rootworm with rearing techniques for both diapausing and nondiapausing strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man P. Huynh ◽  
Chad Nielson ◽  
B. Wade French ◽  
Dalton C. Ludwick ◽  
Ryan W. Geisert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Diabrotica Barberi ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Northern Corn Rootworm

AbstractThe northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, has a univoltine life cycle that typically produces one generation a year. When rearing the northern corn rootworm in the laboratory, in order to break diapause, it is necessary to expose eggs to a five month cold period before raising the temperature. By selective breeding of the small fraction of eggs that hatched without cold within 19–32 days post oviposition, we were able to develop a non-diapausing colony of the northern corn rootworm within five generations of selection. Through selection, the percentages of adult emergence from egg hatch without exposure to cold treatment significantly increased from 0.52% ± 0.07 at generation zero to 29.0% ± 2.47 at generation eight. During this process, we developed an improved method for laboratory rearing of both the newly developed non-diapausing strain as well as the diapausing strain. The development of the non-diapausing colony along with the improvements to the rearing system will allow researchers to produce up to six generations of the northern corn rootworm per year, which would facilitate research and advance our knowledge of this pest at an accelerated rate.

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