COMPETITIVE DISPLACEMENT OF PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) BY ACULUS SCHLECHTENDALI (ACARINA: ERIOPHYIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Croft ◽  
S. A. Hoying
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Competitive Displacement ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Integrated Mite Management ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractEvidence for competitive deplacement of Panonychus ulmi (ERM) from apple trees via Aculus schlechtendali (ARM) by what is thought to be a foliage conditioning mechanism is presented. Previous feeding of ARMs at high and moderate density levels near or below the economic threshold for this phytophagous mite on apple reduced the build-up of the ERM in 3 years of field experiments on Red Delicious trees and during a single season on McIntosh apple foliage. Comparative tests measuring oviposition rates of the ERM on excised apple leaves which had sustained high and low levels of previous rust mite feeding gave results similar to field experiments. The applied aspect of how this interspecific relationship can be managed in the context of an integrated mite management program for apples is discussed.

scholarly journals Economic Threshold of Volunteer Corn GR® in Soybean as a Function of Emergence Time and Origin of Corn

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PIASECKI ◽  
M.A. RIZZARDI
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Corn Plants

ABSTRACT: Volunteer corn is extremely competitive with soybean and the degree of interference varies with the corn density, time of emergence and origin. The objectives of this work were to determine the economic threshold (ET) of volunteer corn GR® F2 in soybean as a function of the time of emergence (same day and nine days after soybean) and origin (individual plants or clumps). Each clump was manually adjusted to have seven corn plants. Four field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with four replicates in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. The soybean yield losses (%) were calculated and adjusted to the model of the rectangular hyperbola and generated the parameters for the determination of the ET, that was calculated based on the volunteer corn control costs (US$ ha-1), efficiency of control (%), price paid for soybean (US$ kg-1) and soybean yield (kg ha-1). The ET mean was 0.3 and 0.48 for individual corn plants m-2 emerged together and nine days after soybean, and 0.08 and 0.03 m-2 for individual plants and clumps, respectively. Increases in grain yield and price paid for soybean, greater control efficiency of corn and lower control cost promote reduction in the ET of volunteer corn in soybean. The control of volunteer corn is justified in a density less than 0.5 individual plant m-2 and is close to zero when corn originates from clumps. Volunteer corn is one of the most competitive weed in soybean crops.

Occurrence of the quarantine mite pest Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) in apple orchards of Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Noeli Juarez Ferla ◽  
Darliane Evangelho Silva ◽  
Denise Navia ◽  
Joseane Moreira Do Nascimento ◽  
Liana Johann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Country Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Relative Measurements ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

The aim of this work is to report the presence of Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa, 1890) (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) (Apple rust mite—ARM), in apple orchards of Serra Gaúcha, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Surveys were conducted from apple leaves of Gala cultivar in a commercial orchard of Vacaria County (S 28' 34.540 W 050' 52.153) in the Northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, between November 2016 and January of 2017. The morphological traits and the relative measurements matched with those of A. schlechtendali. This is the first report of this mite pest in Brazil, so far regulated as a quarantine pest, and the third country report in South America. Consideration on the potential pest status of ARM is discussed.

scholarly journals Validation of the Reveal® 3-D for Peanut Lateral Flow Test: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 111901

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112-1118
Author(s):  
Quynh-Nhi Le ◽  
Alexis Vance ◽  
Nawal Bakir ◽  
Dave Almy ◽  
Emily Slenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Assay Interference

Abstract Background Reveal® 3-D for Peanut is an immunochromatographic, lateral flow test for qualitative detection of peanut residue in food manufacturing and food preparation settings. The test can detect low ppm levels of peanut in clean-in-place (CIP) rinses and in swabs from environmental surfaces and can serve as a tool in managing allergen risk. Objective The objective of the study was to validate the lateral flow method for detection of peanut in CIP rinses, specifically water, peroxyacetic acid/hydrogen peroxide, and quaternary ammonium compound rinses, and in swabs taken from stainless steel and plastic surfaces. Methods CIP rinses spiked with low levels of peanut were tested, as were surfaces inoculated with peanut. Specificity and assay interference were assessed in testing of food commodities with and without added peanut. Assay robustness and test kit stability and consistency testing were also performed. Results Results demonstrated that the lateral flow test can detect peanut in CIP rinses in the range of 2–4 ppm and in environmental surface swabs in the range of 3–4 µg/100 cm2. Results of specificity testing with 29 common food items showed lack of cross-reactivity, and potential assay interference only from walnut. Data from stability trials supports expiration dating for the kit of up to 23 months post-manufacture. Conclusions and Highlights The lateral flow test is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for detection of low levels of peanut residue in CIP rinses and environmental samples and can be an important component in a comprehensive allergen risk management program.

Biological management of Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin contamination in wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Xue ◽  
H. Voldeng ◽  
M. Savard ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Better Than

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae is a harmful disease of wheat. To manage FHB and mycotoxin contamination in wheat, field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2008 to evaluate a total of 20 selected bioagents for their ability to inhibit perithecial production of G. zeae and for the control of FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination, in comparison with the registered fungicide Folicur (tebuconazole). All 20 bioagents significantly reduced the perithecial production compared to the untreated control. Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941 was the most effective treatment, reducing the production of perithecia by 63.7% in 2007 and 67.5% in 2008. These effects were significantly better than Folicur fungicide, which reduced perithecial production by 30.4% and 20.5%, for 2007 and 2008, respectively. When sprayed on to wheat heads, seven of the 20 bioagents significantly reduced the FHB index, one reduced Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and six reduced DON content in grains in 2007. ACM941 was the only treatment that significantly reduced FHB index, FDK, and DON, by 46.4%, 29.0% and 28.7%, respectively. Among the six bioagents and three formulated products evaluated in two separate field trials in 2008, ACM941 and its formulated product ACM941-CU were the only treatments that significantly reduced FHB index, FDK, and DON. The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively. These effects were less marked than those of the Folicur fungicide that reduced FHB index by 98.8%, FDK by 94.2%, and DON by 92.1%. Results of this study suggest that ACM941 is a promising bioagent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in organic farming and in an integrated FHB and DON management program for wheat production.

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACIOUS MITES ON APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali ◽  
Mature Apple

AbstractThe relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.

Chemical control of chocolate spot disease of field beans

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severa A. Doto ◽  
W. J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Chocolate Spot Disease ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Better Than

SummaryThe ability of two chemicals, Benlate and BAS352-04F, to control chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) disease of field beans (Vicia faba) was examined in five small-plot or field experiments. The incidence of the fungus was never such as to reach the aggressive stage naturally, although severe infection was induced temporarily in certain experiments by enclosing the plots in plastic-covered boxes after inoculation with fungus. Increasing the recommended dose of BAS352-04F but not Benlate resulted in improved control and applying either chemical twice was preferable to a single application. Control by BAS352-04F was sometimes better than Benlate in the early days after infection whereas the reverse was true later. These results are in keeping with their roles as contact, and systemic and contact fungicides respectively. In these small experiments, with low levels of infection, the use of fungicides did not result in significant increases in yield or yield components.

Effects of Increasing the Nitrogen Level of Apple Leaves on Mite and Predator Populations

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Lord ◽  
D. K. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Predacious Species

Prior to 1950 the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, was a major pest in Nova Scotia apple orchards, and brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A., was practically non-existent. Lord (1949), showed that the sulphur fungicides, commonly in use up to that time, were detrimental to some of the predacious species and toxic to the brown mite. After 1950 red mite populations became negligible and, although the brown mites increased, they did not become sufficiently abundant to cause economic damage. This shift of population balance in Nova kotia orchards has been attributed to the gradual replacement of sulphur and other detrimental materials by pesticides less harmful to predators of the mites (Pickett 1953).

scholarly journals CANOLA YIELD AND PROFITABILITY AS INFLUENCED BY VOLUNTEER WHEAT INFESTATIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
K. J. KIRKLAND ◽  
A. K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola

The effects of different densities of volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) on the yield of canola (Brassica campestris L. ’Tobin’ and B. napus L. ’Westar’), and the seed yield of the volunteer wheat were determined in field experiments conducted at Vegreville, Alberta and Scott, Saskatchewan. Hyperbolic models provided a good fit to the data in most instances and indicated that volunteer wheat can severely reduce canola yield. A model pooled over locations and years indicated that volunteer wheat populations as low as one plant m−2 reduced canola yield by approximately 1%. Yield loss predictions from the models were used to determine the economics of volunteer wheat control with herbicides. In some cases, revenue losses due to reduced canola yield could be alleviated when the value of the volunteer wheat was considered.Key words: Volunteer wheat, canola, rectangular hyperbola, multiple regression, economic threshold, volunteer cereals

scholarly journals Pheromone trapping system for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Saudi Arabia: Optimization of trap contents and placement

2018 ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Abdel-Azim Paraj Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Pheromone Trapping ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Date Fruits

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is a major pest of date palm.  The pheromone-based mass trapping of weevils has traditionally been an important component of integrated pest management program for this pest. In order to maximize the trap catches, six field experiments were conducted in the present study including evaluation of stump trap, lures, lure synergist ethyl acetate, kairomones, food baits and yeast. The stump trap lured more weevils than the tree trap. The three tested pheromone lures were similar in attraction but with ethyl acetate, Ferrolure+™ lured more weevils than RHYFER™. Amongst the tested kairomones, acetic acid and ethyl acetate alone and together emerged as strong synergists to lure. The date fruits, date palm stem pieces and sugarcane pieces attracted similar number of weevils but in presence of ethyl acetate, date fruits attracted significantly more adults. Date fruits attracted more weevils with yeast than alone but overall, date fruits, yeast and ethyl acetate together recorded the highest trap catches. The differences in attraction of weevils due to various treatments have been analyzed and results are discussed.

Integrated Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Management in Field Corn (Zea mays) with Reduced Rates of Nicosulfuron and Cultivation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Rosales-Robles ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
Eric P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Rhizome Biomass

Johnsongrass, a tall, coarse, perennial grass, is the second most common and troublesome weed in field corn in Texas. Field experiments were conducted in 1996 to 1998 to evaluate an integrated johnsongrass management program in bedded and irrigated field corn. Nicosulfuron at 26.3 g ai/ha applied banded over the row to 50% of the planted area plus one cultivation resulted in johnsongrass control of aboveground and rhizome biomass and in corn yield comparable to the labeled rate (35 g ai/ha) when applied two consecutive years in the same plots. This treatment reduced cost 27% and reduced herbicide input 62% compared to nicosulfuron applied broadcast at labeled rate without cultivation. Economic benefits of this johnsongrass management program are promising for field corn producers.

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