PHEROMONES OF IPS PINI (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE). RESPONSE TO INTERPOPULATIONAL HYBRIDS AND RELATIVE ATTRACTIVENESS OF MALES BORING IN TWO HOST SPECIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Piston ◽  
Gerald N. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Backcross Hybrids

AbstractTwo types of field bioassays of the relative attractiveness of various pheromone sources to Ips pini were conducted at Wanakena, N.Y., and at Warrensburg, N.Y. In the first test, the numbers and sex ratios of beetles responding to boring males from New York, Idaho, and their F1 and backcross hybrids graded down in the order of "blood relationship." The intermediate attractiveness of hybrids indicates that hybrids produce pheromones of both parents. In the second test, New York males reared in white pine attracted greater numbers of beetles than those reared in red pine and beetles boring in white pine were more attractive than those boring in red pine.

The Life History of Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
New York State ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
History Of

The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), is one of the most common bark beetles found in pine and spruce in eastern Canada. Clemens (1916) studied its biology in New York State, and more recently, Reid (1955) reported the seasonal development of this beetle in Alberta. Prebble (1933) discussed the larval development at Fredericton, N.B., and I have listed the associates of this species found in red and white pine logging slash in western Quebec (Thomas, 1955). Leach, Orr and Christensen (1934) and Orr (1935) discussed the association of this bark beetle wit11 blue-staining fungi in red pine logs in Minnesota. Most of the observations reported in this paper concern the life history of I. pini in jack pine at Black Sturgeon Lake in northwestern Ontario from 1952 to 1960. Supplementary observations were also made on the seasonal development of this insect in red pine in southern Ontario in 1956 and 1957, and in white pine at Laniel, Quebec, in 1951.

Ice storm impact and management implications for jack pine and pitch pine stands in New York, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thad E Yorks ◽  
Kenneth B Adams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

In January 1998, an ice storm caused severe damage to the rare jack pine – pitch pine barrens in northeastern New York. We quantified tree damage and recovery in seven barrens stands and an adjacent red pine stand. Ice storm damage was variable among stands with 44% to 94% of trees exhibiting damage. Live tree basal area (BA) was reduced by 9% to 45% in six of the eight stands, and dead tree BA increased in all stands. In mixed jack pine – pitch pine stands, the percent of jack pines dead after the ice storm (71% to 91%) was much higher than red maple (0% to 7%) or pitch pine (17% to 25%).Mortality of pitch pine was very low due largely to its ability to produce epicormic growth. Red pine exhibited more severe damage than eastern white pine. Because pine regeneration remains absent or sparse in the barrens stands, deciduous trees and ericaceous shrubs may eventually replace pine species. Mortality due to ice damage may exacerbate this problem in the absence of some regenerating disturbance, such as fire or harvesting. Key words: ice storm damage, pine barrens, Pinus banksiana, jack pine, Pinus rigida, pitch pine, Pinus resinosa, red pine, Pinus strobus, eastern white pine, Acer rubrum, red maple

Current understanding of white and red pine physiology

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Wetzel ◽  
Darwin Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Physiological Processes

For significant and predictable improvements in productivity of red and white pine forests, an increased understanding of the physiological processes in these species is essential. Relatively little physiological research has focused on these two species over the last two decades. However, with renewed interest in these species now for their high social, environmental and economic value this situation is changing. This paper describes past efforts at understanding red and white pine physiology, as well as discussing recent achievements. In addition, new results obtained by the authors through the use of Biotronic growth units are described in more detail to emphasize the high adaptability of white pine seedlings in response to nutrient stress through changes in carbon distribution, nutrient uptake and utilization.The ultimate practical output of much forestry research is often models predicting tree and forest growth. However, models which are based solely on empirical growth measurement data will not provide the understanding that is necessary for sustainable management; thus, increased research on physiological processes will continue to be required in future. Long-term detailed field studies that consider environmental and silvicultural influences at the organ and whole tree level are required to ensure that future models have high explanatory value. Key words: white pine, red pine, tree physiology, photosynthesis, seedling nutrition, silviculture

The Natural Distribution of Red Pine in New York

Ecology ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Cook ◽  
Ralph H. Smith ◽  
Earl L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Natural Distribution

USE OF THE RELATIVE TURGIDITY TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT OF WATER STRESSES IN GYMNOSPERM LEAVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Clausen ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Sampling Variation

Adaptations of Weatherley's relative turgidity technique (Weatherley 1950), fitting it for use with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), white pine (P. strobus L.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) are described. Results of preliminary investigations of sampling variation between trees, whorls, and needle ages in red pine are presented.

Ice damage impacts on the health of the northern New York State forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Manion ◽  
David H. Griffin ◽  
Benjamin D. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
White Pine ◽  
York State

Detailed crown condition information, including numbers of broken branches ≥ 5 cm diameter, broken tops, and healthy branches, were recorded for 5434 living trees > 9 cm dbh from 603 ten-basal-area-factor prism plots (three per forest stand) at 201 random points (stands) throughout the ice damage region of northern New York State. Twenty five percent of the sample stands had ≥ 20% branch breakage. Bigtooth aspen, red oak, red maple, and white pine had the most breakage. Comparison of potential mortality of trees associated with ≥ 75% ice damage (severe damage) to baseline (predicted) mortality to maintain the existing forest structure suggests that ice damage may alter the health of 18% of the forest stands but this is not sufficient to alter the health (sustainability) of the larger forest system. Key words: ice storm, forest health, sustainability, growth, mortality, dbh classes

scholarly journals Some Relationships Between Silvicultural Treatments and Symmetry of Stem Growth in a Red Pine Stand

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Larson ◽  
W. Keith Moser ◽  
Vijay K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Asymmetric Growth

Abstract Variations in spacing and the distribution of removed trees have been assumed to affect the pattern of growth on tree boles. Changing crown shapes were believed to affect the symmetry of the stems. This study examined the change of growing space resulting from differential species' growth in a mixed stand. A red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation in southern New Hampshire was planted at 2 × 2 m spacing in 1917. At one end of the stand every second row was planted with white pine (Pinus strobus L.), whereas the other end of the stand was pure red pine. In the mixed portion of the stand, the red pine outgrew the white pine, overtopping and often killing it. The mixed stand was thinned in the 1970s and the pure stand in the 1980s for a variety of products which opened more crown room for some of the trees. We compared growth increments along perpendicular axes to determine if asymmetry was consistent at different bole heights. The study did not show asymmetric boles at age 50 and did not have asymmetric growth patterns attributable to the earlier history up to stand age 70. When current crown shape was compared to current growth there was no relationship between asymmetric crowns and asymmetric growth. Provided the asymmetry is not maintained throughout the entire rotation, silvicultural treatments which greatly affect the stand spatial pattern may not have a lasting effect on the symmetry of the boles. North. J. Appl. For. 15(2):90-93.

Life-History and Natural Control in British Columbia of Ocnerostoma piniariella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), a Needle Miner on White Pine

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Pinus Cembra ◽  
White Pine

Ocnerostoma piniariella Zell. is an unimportant pest of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., in Europe. A variety, copiosella Frey, is found in the Swiss Alps attacking a white pine, Pinus cembra L., and sometimes occurs in sufficient numbers to reduce growth. Both European forms have a life-history similar to that described here for British Columbia.In North America, specimens identified as O. piniariella were collected in 1882 at Ithaca, New York (Forbes, 1924). The first Canadian record was for 1922 at Abbotsford, British Columbia, from white pine (Felt, 1922). The species has since been found in British Columbia at Vancouver, Victoria, Langley, and Aldergrove. Dr. T. N. Freeman (in litt.), Entomology Division, Ottawa, has collected it at Constance Bay, South March, Ottawa, and Bells Corners, Ontario.

Critical period of interspecific competition for four northern conifers: 10-year growth response and associated vegetation dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2474-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Wagner ◽  
Andrew P Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Vegetation Control

The influence of the timing and duration of interspecific competition on planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was assessed using 10-year growth responses in a northern Ontario experiment. Stand volume was 117%, 208%, 224%, and 343% higher for jack pine, red pine, white pine, and black spruce, respectively, with 5 years of vegetation control than with no vegetation control. Stand volume increased linearly with number of years of vegetation control, and the slope of the relationship varied among conifer species. Change-point regression analysis was used to derive segmented weed-free and weed-infested curves, and to simultaneously estimate key critical-period parameters. Weed-free and weed-infested curves in the 10th year were similar to those derived in year 5, indicating that the patterns established during the first few years after planting were relatively robust for the first decade. The critical-period was 2 and 3 years after planting for jack pine and red pine, respectively, and occupied most of the 5-year period for white pine and black spruce. Principal components analysis of the vegetation community indicated that repeated herbicide applications caused differential shifts in the relative abundance of shrub, fern, and moss species through the 10th year. Species richness, however, was not substantially different between the untreated control and the most intensive treatments. Difference modeling was used to quantify how annual volume increment during the first decade varied with time, conifer species, cover of woody and herbaceous vegetation, and stage of development.

Surface burning in a mature stand of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus in Michigan: effects on understory vegetation

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Neumann ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Phytolacca Americana ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Surface Burning

Beginning in 1991, periodic surface fires (frontal fire intensities <200 kW m–1) were introduced into a mixed red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and white pine (P. strobus L.) plantation (dbh 16–60 cm). Replicated plots of 0.4–0.5 ha were either burned three times at biennial intervals (early May of 1991, 1993, and 1995), burned once (early May 1991), or not burned. Measurements were conducted during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. The pine overstory was largely unaffected by the fires. The understory on unburned plots contained 16 111 large seedlings (>1 m, ≤ 1.9 cm dbh) and 3944 saplings (2.0–5.9 cm dbh) per ha, consisting of 23 woody angiosperm taxa. Plots burned once contained 60% of the large seedlings, 7% of the saplings, and 6 fewer taxa than unburned plots. No large seedlings and few saplings were found in plots burned biennially. Cover of low (<1 m) woody and herbaceous vegetation in plots burned once or three times was twice that of unburned plots, even in the growing season immediately following the May 1995 re-burn. Recovery of low vegetative cover in the re-burned plots was rapid, exceeding that in once-burned or unburned plots by late summer following the burn. Species richness of low vegetation was 20–25% higher in burned than unburned plots, except in the year immediately following reburning. Taxa dominating this site following burning were Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Rubus spp., Phytolacca americana L., and Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F. MÜll.) Watt. Restoration of low-intensity surface fires to ecosystems dominated by mature red pine or white pine is feasible, but major changes in understory structure and composition will occur.

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