IMPACT OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON CONES AND SEED PRODUCED BY INFESTED FRASER FIR

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Fedde
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

AbstractSeed produced by Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., infested by the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg), was compared with that originating from uninfested trees during a cyclic year of heavy seedfall (1969) in western North Carolina. Cones were significantly shorter and seed uniformly lighter and smaller from trees infested by the aphid. X-ray examination indicated the number of full seed from uninfested trees averaged nearly 70% and 42% higher than in comparable seed samples from infested trees. Germination tests indicated viability of seed from infested trees exceeded 32% and that from uninfested trees exceeded 75%. An important factor affecting survival of seed from the two sources appeared to be the relative susceptibility of seed to attack by Megastigmus specularis Walley. Almost 28% more seed were destroyed by these seed chalcids for aphid-infested trees than for uninfested trees.

Adelges piceae. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) [Dreyfusia piceae]. Hemiptera: Adelgidae. Hosts: balsam fir (Abies balsamea), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri), and other Abies spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy (Sicily), Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), Asia (Turkey), North America (Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec), USA (California, Idaho, Maine, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), South America (Chile).

scholarly journals Yield of Decoration Greenery Fraser Fir Christmas Trees

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Layne K. Snelling
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Crown Density

Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] Christmas trees up to 3.2 m in height were sampled from 18 well-managed plantations in western North Carolina to determine the yield of decoration greenery (wreaths, roping). Trees were not sidesheared in the year of harvest. The proportion of branch material suitable for decoration greenery decreased with increasing height and crown taper, but crown density had no effect. Mean annual yield of decoration greenery (establishment in the field, until reaching an average height of 3.2 m 10 years later) was 1.9 to 2.3 kg/tree per year, respectively, for trees with medium or heavy crown density.

A Preliminary Study of Geographic Variation in Fraser Fir Seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Bailian Li ◽  
J. B. Jett ◽  
R. J. Weir
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract Open-pollinated progeny of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri: [Pursch] Poir.) from several elevations in each of five provenances were planted in the greenhouse, transplanted to a nursery, and then transplanted to three field locations in western North Carolina. Seedling total height, number of terminal buds, and root collar diameter were examined to determine the magnitude and patterns of variation in seedlings among and within populations. Significant differences among families were detected. Trees from low-elevation (1,500-1,650 m) of southern mountain sources such as Richland Balsam and Clingman's Dome showed better performance in all three field plantings than those from high-elevation and northern sources. Roan Mountain, where most seed is collected for commercial use, showed the least height growth in the study. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):128-132.

A METHOD OF SAMPLING THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID ON FRASER FIR IN NORTH CAROLINA

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Amman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPopulations of the balsam woolly aphid on Fraser fir trees were sampled without replacement. Sampling frequency was based on the embryological period of the aphid at mean monthly temperatures in the field. The sample for each date consisted of 16 pieces of bark, 1/2 in. diameter, from each of 10 trees. Precision of the method was usually within ±10% of the mean. The largest proportion of variance was within trees. Stratification of samples by levels within trees decreased variance estimates.Frequency distributions of counts of most stages of the aphid approximated the negative binomial distribution. Therefore, data were transformed to logarithms in order to approximate the normal distribution.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Pathogenicity of Pythium vexans Isolates from Fraser Fir in North Carolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Ivors ◽  
Z. Gloria Abad ◽  
D. Michael Benson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Pythium Vexans

The pathogenicity of Pythium vexans isolates collected from fir samples with typical root rot symptoms in North Carolina was evaluated on Fraser fir seedlings (Abies fraseri). Two replicated pathogenicity trials involving seven treatments were conducted in the lath house and greenhouse. Although the P. vexans isolates examined in these trials were able to colonize Fraser fir root systems, they did not cause mortality or incite root rot symptoms. In comparison, Phytophthora cinnamomi, a known aggressive pathogen of Fraser fir, caused severe root rot symptoms in all plants. These experiments provided no evidence that P. vexans is a pathogen of Fraser fir. Accepted for publication 12 July 2008. Published 6 October 2008.

scholarly journals Propagation of Fraser Fir

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Christmas Tree Species

Abstract Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.], the most important Christmas tree species in North Carolina, is rapidly gaining popularity nationwide. It is propagated by seed, but special needs such as genetic improvement will involve use of grafting, air layering, propagation by stem cuttings, and micropropagation (tissue culture). This paper summarizes research conducted to date on Fraser fir concerning these techniques in addition to information regarding seed production and sexual propagation.

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