scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) and Anthropogenic Disturbance on the Stand Structure and Mortality of Fraser Fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] in the Black Mountains, North Carolina

Castanea ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel H. McManamay ◽  
Lynn M. Resler ◽  
James B. Campbell ◽  
Ryan A. McManamay
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

Adelges piceae. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) [Dreyfusia piceae]. Hemiptera: Adelgidae. Hosts: balsam fir (Abies balsamea), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri), and other Abies spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy (Sicily), Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), Asia (Turkey), North America (Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec), USA (California, Idaho, Maine, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), South America (Chile).

IMPACT OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON CONES AND SEED PRODUCED BY INFESTED FRASER FIR

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Fedde
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Adelges Piceae

AbstractSeed produced by Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., infested by the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg), was compared with that originating from uninfested trees during a cyclic year of heavy seedfall (1969) in western North Carolina. Cones were significantly shorter and seed uniformly lighter and smaller from trees infested by the aphid. X-ray examination indicated the number of full seed from uninfested trees averaged nearly 70% and 42% higher than in comparable seed samples from infested trees. Germination tests indicated viability of seed from infested trees exceeded 32% and that from uninfested trees exceeded 75%. An important factor affecting survival of seed from the two sources appeared to be the relative susceptibility of seed to attack by Megastigmus specularis Walley. Almost 28% more seed were destroyed by these seed chalcids for aphid-infested trees than for uninfested trees.

DEVELOPMENT OF WOUND TISSUE IN THE BARK OF FRASER FIR AND ITS RELATION TO INJURY BY THE BALSAM WOOLLY ADELGID1

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Arthur ◽  
F. P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Tree Age ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Wound Tissue

A total of 89 Fraser fir, Abies fraseri Pursh. (Poir.), from seven locations in the southern Appalachians were tested for non-suberized impervious tissue (NIT) at artificial wound sites. All trees except one formed NIT in a time period that was considered normal (3 weeks), with no delays due to tree age, location or presence of balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). Although most Fraser fir react to adelgid attack by forming “rotholz” (red wood), a number of infested trees showed no visual signs of rotholz formation.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Pathogenicity of Pythium vexans Isolates from Fraser Fir in North Carolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Ivors ◽  
Z. Gloria Abad ◽  
D. Michael Benson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Pythium Vexans

The pathogenicity of Pythium vexans isolates collected from fir samples with typical root rot symptoms in North Carolina was evaluated on Fraser fir seedlings (Abies fraseri). Two replicated pathogenicity trials involving seven treatments were conducted in the lath house and greenhouse. Although the P. vexans isolates examined in these trials were able to colonize Fraser fir root systems, they did not cause mortality or incite root rot symptoms. In comparison, Phytophthora cinnamomi, a known aggressive pathogen of Fraser fir, caused severe root rot symptoms in all plants. These experiments provided no evidence that P. vexans is a pathogen of Fraser fir. Accepted for publication 12 July 2008. Published 6 October 2008.

Size- and age-class distributions of Fraser fir following balsam woolly adelgid infestation

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F Smith ◽  
N S Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Size And Age Structure ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid

Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) has suffered catastrophic mortality throughout most of its native range from an exotic insect, the balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.). To assess the regeneration potential and viability of fir populations, overstory and understory Fraser fir size and age structure were analyzed. The data were collected from thirty-six 400-m2 permanent plots, stratified into four stand canopy composition types, established near the summits of five mountains in the Great Smoky Mountains. We found that, where canopy mortality was severe, fir advance regeneration was re-entering the overstory. In seriously impacted stands, mortality of large fir and increased recruitment have produced distributions characterized by few large fir and relatively high densities of small fir. Densities of 0- to 10-year-old fir seedlings and fir seedlings [Formula: see text]0.25 m tall were much lower in stands dominated by dead fir than in mostly intact fir stands. While the lack of reproducing adults appears to be the main cause, competition with invasive species and higher seedling mortality from environmental factors probably contribute. These results lead to a hypothesis that Fraser fir will undergo a regeneration-mortality cycle with a decrease in the numbers of each successive generation.

scholarly journals Recovery trends and predictions of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) dynamics in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Douglas Kaylor ◽  
M. Joseph Hughes ◽  
Jennifer A. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Inference ◽  
Local Extirpation ◽  
Term Monitoring

The endemic Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) is found in only seven montane regions in the southern Appalachians above ca. 1500 m elevation. Due to widespread insect-caused mortality from the invasive balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratzeburg), as well as possible impacts from climate change and atmospheric pollution, the future of Fraser fir populations remains uncertain. Long-term monitoring programs have been in place since the 1980s, and here we present the first predictive population models for endemic Fraser fir populations using the inventory data from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which contains 74% of extant Fraser fir forests. Using two kinds of population data (understory density counts and overstory census data), we model Fraser fir population dynamics on five different mountaintops as a stage-structured matrix model with transition parameters estimated using hierarchical Bayesian inference. We predict robust recovery over the next several decades for some Fraser fir populations, particularly where mature overstory fir has persisted throughout the last two decades, and continued decline for populations at the lowest elevations. Fraser fir densities are already low at these lower elevations, suggesting that this population is vulnerable to local extirpation.

scholarly journals Propagation of Fraser Fir

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Christmas Tree Species

Abstract Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.], the most important Christmas tree species in North Carolina, is rapidly gaining popularity nationwide. It is propagated by seed, but special needs such as genetic improvement will involve use of grafting, air layering, propagation by stem cuttings, and micropropagation (tissue culture). This paper summarizes research conducted to date on Fraser fir concerning these techniques in addition to information regarding seed production and sexual propagation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document