STUDIES ON THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF ALFALFA: V. SPIDERS (ARANEIDA)

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractThe spider fauna of alfalfa was studied at Ithaca, N.Y., in three experimental plots and in nearby fields during 1966–69. As part of an overall study of the arthropod fauna of alfalfa, the spider populations in the study plots were recorded weekly during visual examination of the terminal 6 in. of five stems for 100 plants in each of the plots. Additional information was obtained from sweep-net and pitfall trap collections in the study plots and from sweeping several commercial plantings. The spider fauna of alfalfa was found to consist of 78 species, 10 of which were collected only from the ground layer. Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz and Dictyna volucripes Keyserling were the most abundant species found in the weekly samples. Notes on the seasonal occurrence, location on the plants, and feeding habits are given for the common species.

scholarly journals Spider fauna (Araneae) of the Sieraków Landscape Park (Central Poland) – preliminary data

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Maria OLESZCZUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Forest Lake ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sweep Net

The paper presents preliminary data on araneofauna of the selected habitats in the Sieraków Landscape Park, where spiders have not yet been studied. The fauna was sampled by sweep net and pitfall trap methods in crop fields, forest and in the ecotone zones: forest/crop field and forest/lake. It was found 44 spider species and four genera represented by young specimens, i.e. Metellina sp., Neriene sp., Haplodrassus sp. and Xysticus sp. The largest number of taxa (24) was found in the forest/lake ecotone, and the smallest one (10) in the crop field, 200 m distant from the forest. The recorded spiders belong to the common species, but they were characteristic for their biotopes.

Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the peat bogs of Belarusian Lakeland

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadi G. Sushko
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
True Bugs ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractThe first overview on the Heteroptera of peat bogs of the Belarusian Lakeland is presented. Five natural oligotrophic peat bogs were studied in 2012–2014 by entomological sweep-net. A total of almost 2,612 true bugs were sampled, representing 83 species of 13 families. Ten species (12.11–36.72% of the individuals) were tyrphobiontic or tyrphophilous. The five most abundant species represented 71.39–82.30% of the individuals. The most common species were

scholarly journals Neurotoxin localization to ectodermal gland cells uncovers an alternative mechanism of venom delivery in sea anemones

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1732) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehu Moran ◽  
Grigory Genikhovich ◽  
Dalia Gordon ◽  
Stefanie Wienkoop ◽  
Claudia Zenkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Common View ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
The Common

Jellyfish, hydras, corals and sea anemones (phylum Cnidaria) are known for their venomous stinging cells, nematocytes, used for prey and defence. Here we show, however, that the potent Type I neurotoxin of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis , Nv1, is confined to ectodermal gland cells rather than nematocytes. We demonstrate massive Nv1 secretion upon encounter with a crustacean prey. Concomitant discharge of nematocysts probably pierces the prey, expediting toxin penetration. Toxin efficiency in sea water is further demonstrated by the rapid paralysis of fish or crustacean larvae upon application of recombinant Nv1 into their medium. Analysis of other anemone species reveals that in Anthopleura elegantissima , Type I neurotoxins also appear in gland cells, whereas in the common species Anemonia viridis , Type I toxins are localized to both nematocytes and ectodermal gland cells. The nematocyte-based and gland cell-based envenomation mechanisms may reflect substantial differences in the ecology and feeding habits of sea anemone species. Overall, the immunolocalization of neurotoxins to gland cells changes the common view in the literature that sea anemone neurotoxins are produced and delivered only by stinging nematocytes, and raises the possibility that this toxin-secretion mechanism is an ancestral evolutionary state of the venom delivery machinery in sea anemones.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DE LAS CAPTURAS DE TIBURONES Y RAYAS EN LAS PESQUERÍAS ARTESANALES DE TÁRCOLES, PACÍFICO CENTRAL DE COSTA RICA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés López Garro ◽  
Rándall Arauz Vargas ◽  
Ilena Zanella ◽  
Loic Le Foulgo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mustelus Henlei

Se analizaron las capturas de tiburones y rayas látigo realizadas por pescadores artesanales de Tárcoles  en el Pacífico de Costa Rica, desde febrero del 2006 hasta febrero del 2007. Se observaron 415 faenas de pesca (línea de fondo, trasmallo y línea rayera): 340 correspondieron a observaciones de descarga y 75 (18.1%) a observaciones a bordo. Durante las descargas se analizaron 3299 tiburones y rayas látigo: el tiburón mamón enano (Mustelus henlei) dominó en la captura total (63.7%), seguido por el tiburón mamón común (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), el tiburón picudo común (Rhizoprionodon longurio) 6.9% y el tiburón martillo común (Sphyrna lewini) 6.1%. A su vez, la raya látigo (D. longa) y el tiburón picudo fucsia (Nasolamia velox) representaron un 3.5% y 2.6% de la captura total, respectivamente. En los 75 viajes a bordo se capturó un total de 6.458 peces, de los cuales solo el 4.4% (240 individuos) fueron tiburones y rayas látigo. M. henlei fue nuevamente la especie más abundante (50.4%), le siguieron R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), y por último, M. lunulatus (2.5%). Debido a la estacionalidad y abundancia de tiburones mamones en la zona de Herradura, se recomienda un cierre técnico en enero-febrero y setiembre-octubre, meses con las mayores capturas. También se recomienda la protección de la zona del Peñón, ya que es utilizada por la raya látigo y por los juveniles del tiburón martillo.From February 2006 to February 2007, we analyzed shark and rays captures by the artisanal fishermen from Tárcoles, in the Pacific of Costa Rica. We observed 415 fishing operations (bottom line, gillnet and ray line): 340 dock landing observations and 75 (18.1%) on board observations. During the landing observations, we analyzed 3299 sharks and rays: the brown smooth hound (Mustelus henlei) was the most common species (63.7%), followed by the common smooth hound (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), the Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon longurio) (6.9%) and the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) (6.1%). The longtail stingray (Dasyatis longa) and the whitenose shark (Nasolamia velox) represented the 3.5% and 2.6% of the total catch, respectively.  During 75 fishing trips, we analyzed 6.458 fish individuals, of them only 4.4% (240 individuals) were sharks and longtail stingrays. Among these, M. henlei was also the most abundant species (50.4%), followed by R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8%), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), and M. lunulatus (2.5%). Considering the seasonality and abundance of smooth hound sharks in Herradura, we recommend a technical closure during the higher catch months (January-February and September-October). Also, we recommend protecting the Peñón, which is inhabited by adults of longtail stingray and juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks. 

A newly innovated UV-Pit-Light trap efficacy for sampling beetles within oil palm plantations of various age stand types

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 863-882
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bukhary Ahmad khair
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
The Common ◽  
Electro Magnetic

A newly innovated UV-Pit-Light trap specific for trapping beetle species within oil palm plantations is described and the results of experiments on its efficacies that were carried out within different oil palm age stands are presented. The UV-Pit-Light trap is made of two parts: a lower located 1-L plastic collection container inserted into the ground, 6V fast recharging lead-acid battery and 4-W miniature UV-bulb attached to electronic device with wire clips, with the upper located plastic stool for the basic stand and the wide plastic basin for rain and light shield. The UV-Pit-Light trap caught significantly higher beetle specimens, which also included several morphospecies from the common beetle families found in oil palm plantations with 1.5 to 2 times higher in abundances including Nitidulidae, Curculionidae, Scarabaeidae, and Tenebrionidae. Rare beetle families of Aderidae, Cerambycidae, Histeridae, and Lagriidae, which not to be found in passive pitfall trap, were caught in considerable abundances in the UV-Pit-Light trap. The short electro-magnetic wavelengths of UV-light source included many closely packed epigeal related micro-habitats, which makes the UV-Pit-Light trap specific for sampling beetles specifically related within micro-habitats of various oil palm age stand types. The use of only four units of UV-Pit-Light trap compared with 100 units of passive pitfall trap is adequate for sampling beetle species community which includes both the common and uncommon families, and include two times higher for the most abundant and common species than the passive pitfall trap. Thus, the UV-Pit-Light trap allows accurate and unbiased diversity and ecological evaluations of beetle species and proposed to be the specific trapping system for insect species dwelling within the epigeal related micro-habitats oil palm plantations. 

scholarly journals THE VEGETATION OF A SEASONAL VÁRZEA FOREST IN THE LOWER SOLIMÕES RIVER, BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans KLINGE ◽  
Joachim ADIS ◽  
Martin WORBES
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Floristic Elements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Solimões River

The species composition of the seasonal várzea forest growing on a bank of the Ilha de Marchantaria / lower Solimões-Amazonas River, Brazil was studied in an area of slightly less than one hectare. Two biomass plots were harvested. Forty-seven arboreal species representing 46 genera in 25 families were recorded. Tree density was 1086 per hectare. Total basal area was 45 m2 ha1. Mean species density was 6.5 ± 1.98 per 100 m2. The most abundant species were Crataeva benthamii(Capparidaceae), Laetia corymbutosa(Flacourtiaceae) and Vitex cymosa(Verbenaceae). The highest basal area per species was 10.2 m2 for Pseudobombax munguba(Bombacaceae). The common species are known to be typical floristic elements of the seasonal varzea forest. Above ground dry biomass was equal to 97 and 255 t ha', respectively. Its chemical composition is characterized by comparatively high bioelement contents equal to 2.4 percent on the average. Calcium was the most important bioelement. Structure of the forest and age darings of trees allow the successional classification of the stands.

scholarly journals Assessment on Diversity and Abundance of Araceae in Limestone and Pyroclastics Areas in Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Nik Yuszrin Yusoff ◽  
Zulhazman Hamzah ◽  
Fatimah Kayat ◽  
Zulhisyam A.K
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up

The study was conducted in Gua Musang, Kelantan, namely; Kuala Koh N 04° 52’ 02.2”/ E 102° 26’ 33.3” (represents pyroclastics area) and Tanah Puteh N 04° 46’ 11.9”/ E 101° 58’ 35.5” (represents limestone area). A square plot (100 x 100 m) was set-up in both locations for sampling of Araceae. The result shows diversity of Araceae in limestone (28 species ha-1 ) is higher as compared to pyroclastics area (21 species ha-1). The most abundant species in limestone are Anadendrum microstachyum, Homalomena griffithii, Rhaphidophora tenuis and Schismatoglottis brevicuspis. In pyroclastics area, the most abundant is S. calyptrata followed by, S. scortechinii, S. brevicuspis and A. microstachyum. The common species in both areas was hemiepiphytic R. mangayi. The least abundant species in limestone are Amorphophallus sp. and Homalomena Chamaecladon Supergroup. Meanwhile, Scindapsus perakensis, Homalomena Cyrtocladon Supergroup, H. pontederiifolia and Aglaonema simplex were counted as least abundant species in pyroclastics area. Geological features, topography (whether on-slope, on-ridge or edge of stream), and altitude are the most influencing factor on distribution and abundance of aroids species.

Marine tube-dwelling diatoms of eastern Canada: descriptions, checklist, and illustrated key

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Lobban
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Material ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
A New Species

From a study of living materials and specimens in several regional herbaria, a list has been drawn up of all the common and several of the rarer tube-dwelling diatoms of eastern Canada. Descriptions, illustrations of living material and acid-cleaned valves, and a key to the species are provided. Most specimens were from the Atlantic Provinces and the St. Lawrence estuary, but a few were from the Northwest Territories. By far the most common species is Berkeleya rutilans. Other species occurring commonly in the Quoddy Region of the Bay of Fundy, and sporadically in space and time elsewhere, arc Navicula delognei (two forms), Nav. pseudocomoides, Nav. smithii, Haslea crucigera, and a new species, Nav.rusticensis. Navicula ramosissima and Nav. mollis in eastern Canada are usually found as scattered cohabitants in tubes of other species. Nitzschia tubicola and Nz. fontifuga also occur sporadically as cohabitants.

THE EFFECT OF SOD TYPE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Holliday ◽  
E. A. C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe effects on carabids of natural, fescue, and rye sod types and of tillage were investigated in a pest management apple orchard. Carabids were sampled before and after the treatments by pitfall trapping and by two types of soil sampling. There were no significant effects of sod type on pitfall trap catches; however the abundance of all common species in soil samples was significantly affected by sod types. Usually in soil samples carabids were most abundant in natural sod and least abundant in tilled plots; numbers were intermediate in fescue and rye. Sod type did not affect structure or diversity of the carabid fauna.

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