THE EFFECT OF SOD TYPE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Holliday ◽  
E. A. C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe effects on carabids of natural, fescue, and rye sod types and of tillage were investigated in a pest management apple orchard. Carabids were sampled before and after the treatments by pitfall trapping and by two types of soil sampling. There were no significant effects of sod type on pitfall trap catches; however the abundance of all common species in soil samples was significantly affected by sod types. Usually in soil samples carabids were most abundant in natural sod and least abundant in tilled plots; numbers were intermediate in fescue and rye. Sod type did not affect structure or diversity of the carabid fauna.

OCCURRENCE AND ACTIVITY OF GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Holliday ◽  
E. A. C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

AbstractPitfall trapping was carried out in a southern Ontario apple orchard for 3 years. The three commonest carabids collected were Harpalus affinis Schr., Pterostichus melanarius Ill., and Amara spp. Variation in activity was related to mean air temperatures in P. melanarius but not in the other two species. The use of pitfall traps in enclosures showed that none of the above species use flight as the principal means of locomotion. Immature H. affinis adults probably undergo a dispersal flight in July. Amara spp. and P. melanarius both fly within the orchard to some extent.

scholarly journals Distribution of ground beetles of the genus Amara Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the agrolandscape in Northwestern Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
O. G. Guseva ◽  
A. G. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Northwestern Russia

The article investigates the abundance of beetles of the genus Amara in the agrolandscape of the Leningrad Region. In the period from 2004 to 2010, 14 Amara species were collected by pitfall trapping. Amara fulva (O.F. Müll.) is the most common species in the potato and clean fallow fields, Amara similata (Gyll.) – in the grain and grasses fields, and A. communis (Pz.) ˗ in adjacent semi-natural habitats respectively. The cluster analysis shows that assemblages of ground beetles of the genus Amara in fields of different crops, field boundaries, and adjacent habitats are separated from each other. In the agrolandscape, the population of beetles of the genus Amara reaches its greatest species richness and abundance in perennial grassfields. In addition, to our best knowledge, this research was a first time when Amara ingenua (Duft.) was observed feeding on the flowering spikelets of timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.).

TRAPPING EVALUATION OF BEETLE VECTORS OF BLACK STAIN ROOT DISEASE IN DOUGLAS FIR

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Bedard ◽  
George T. Ferrell ◽  
Mark C. Whitmore ◽  
Allen S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Emergence Traps ◽  
Population Indices ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractThe performance of unbaited emergence traps and attractant-baited pitfall and flight traps was compared on the basis of suitability to produce population indices for two beetles, Steremnius carinatus (Boheman) and Hylastes nigrinus (Mannerheim), colonizing roots of Douglas fir in northern California. These beetles transmit Ceratocystis wageneri Goheen and Cobb, the fungus causing black stain root disease in Douglas fir. Trap sites were near stumps along transect lines through recently logged areas. Pitfall traps were judged the most promising for both species based on their relatively high catches and low expense. Although catch by emergence traps was low for both species, they appeared to catch the majority of S. carinatus. For both species, pitfall trap catches varied with date, study area, trapping line within study area, and stump within line. A number of variables, such as diameter of stump or type of ground cover, were significantly correlated with trap catch, and made significant contributions to linear models with catch as the dependent variable. Differences between study areas in the effect of variables on catch, and the possibility that pitfall trapping is subject to artifacts, suggested that the results of pitfall trapping need to be carefully scrutinized if they are to be used as a population index.

scholarly journals Trapping Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Other Beetles in Flourmills: Evaluating Fumigation Efficacy and Estimating Population Density

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Carl W. Doud ◽  
Gerrit W. Cuperus ◽  
Phillip Kenkel ◽  
Mark E. Payton ◽  
Thomas W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

This paper reports beetle pests common to flourmills targeted during a series of trapping studies over a two-year period in flourmill 1 and a one year period in flourmill 2. Objectives were (1) use pheromone-baited traps to detect T. castaneum (Herbst) and other pest species present for their distribution over space and time, (2) monitor T. castaneum activity before and after fumigations to assess efficacy of the treatment, and (3) correlate counts of T. castaneum via trap capture against direct T. castaneum counts from samples of the milled flour to assess the value of trap data to estimate relative size of the pest population. Traps were deployed in two different flourmills over two consecutive years. T. castaneum was the most commonly trapped beetle during both years in mill 1. In mill 2, Typhaea stercorea (L.) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) were both captured in higher numbers than T. castaneum. In mill 1, trap capture was higher overall during Year 2 for most of the species compared with capture during Year 1, likely due to a dust cover modification made for the pitfall trap used in Year 2. Trap capture was also evaluated by location within the mills and a significant difference was found in the capture of T. stercorea during both years in mill 1. T. castaneum captures were significantly reduced following most fumigations, which used methyl bromide in milling areas and phosphine in bulk-stored finished flour. However, in most cases trap catches showed that beetle populations were not eliminated. Trap captures after fumigation suggest either that the fumigations were not entirely effective, or that full grown adult beetles were entering the mill soon after fumigation. When captures of T. castaneum from traps in two spaces of mill 1 during Year 2 were compared with counts of beetles from samples of siftings collected in the finished flour, the correlation coefficients were nearly significant for both sets of traps.

DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) IN A PEST MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARD

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Holliday ◽  
E.A.C. Hagley
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
The North

AbstractTwo soil sampling techniques were used over a 2 year period to examine the distribution of carabid beetles in a pest management apple orchard in southern Ontario. Soil coring was the most suitable technique for investigating temporal and vertical distribution patterns. Horizontal distribution of individual carabid species was best examined by sampling the rhizosphere of the cover crop only. Comparison of the soil sampling results with those obtained from pitfall traps showed that in late summer carabid larvae are subterranean in habit, as are adults of Bradycellus rupestris Say and Amara spp. Carabid density was highest (289.1 m−2) in late summer and fall, and lowest in late winter. In most samples carabid density was greatest in the rhizosphere of the cover crop and decreased rapidly with increasing depth: few beetles were found at depths greater than 30 cm. In August, densities of the commonest adult carabids were greatest close to trees in the orchard and decreased with increasing distance from trees. The distribution of carabid larvae was not related to distance from the tree, but densities of larvae were higher to the south of trees, and lower to the north.

Evaluation of Metal Contents in Correlation with Phytosanitary Treatments at Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Oana Mihai ◽  
Octav Pantea ◽  
Daniela Roxana Popovici ◽  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Short Time

The present work aims with the evaluation of copper, manganese and zinc concentrations (mobile forms) from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatment with Curzate Manox and Dithane M-45 compounds, during and after remanence period. Different vineyard soils types were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method was used for measurements of the micronutrients. The soil samples were analyzed after 5 and 21 days after treatment application. Since copper is mainly accumulates in the upper layer following fungicidal sprays application, high levels of copper concentrations are obtained. The soil samples exhibits different behavior in terms of manganese and zinc contents. Manganese and zinc levels are classified as medium in the beginning of the experiment (Mn-M0 and Zn-M0), whereas these levels increased in the soil samples (at moments M1- 5 days and M2- 21 days after treatment). This behavior can be due to the Mancozeb decomposition, knowing that Mancozeb decomposes in the pH range 5-9 and it remains short time into the soil.

Influence of Applied Phytosanitary Treatments and Climatic Crop Year on Zinc Content in Wines from Tohani Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2092-2097
Author(s):  
Catalina Calin ◽  
Gina Vasile Scaeteanu ◽  
Roxana Maria Madjar ◽  
Otilia Cangea
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Concentration Levels

Metallic ions present a great importance in oenological practice and usually are present in wines in levels that are not hazardous. Among all metallic ions, zinc presents a great interest because may cause the persistence of the wine sour taste and by the side of Al, Cu, Fe and Ni, contribute to the haze formation and the change of color. The present study was focused on measuring the concentration levels of mobile zinc from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatments and zinc content from white (Feteasca Alba - FA, Riesling Italian - RI, Sauvignon Blanc - SB, Tamaioasa Rom�neasca - TR), rose (Busuioaca de Bohotin - BB) and red (Feteasca Neagra - FN) wines within the wine-growing Tohani area, Romania. Other objective was to investigate of the influence of crop year and variety on zinc levels found in wine samples. Mobile zinc content for all analyzed soil samples is low ([1.5 mg/kg). Analyses indicated that zinc content found in wines was below 5 mg/L, limit set by Organisation Internationale of Vine and Wine (OIV). Also, it was found that red wines contain zinc in higher concentrations than white ones.

scholarly journals Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes in an apple orchard in Southern Brazil and its virulence to Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, under laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Foelkel ◽  
M. Voss ◽  
L. B. Monteiro ◽  
G. Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a promising alternative to integrated control in many fruit pests. Few studies were made on the relationship of Anastrepha fraterculus natural population with native EPNs population and other biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this work was to verify the occurrence of endemic nematodes in an apple orchard, concerning environmental conditions and technical procedure, and access isolates virulence to A. fraterculus larvae. The experiment was conducted during a year taking monthly soil samples from an apple orchard, with and without fallen fruits just above the soil. Samples were baited with Tenebrium molitor and A. fraterculus larvae in laboratory. Canopy and fallen fruits were sampled to access the pest infestation. Seventy three EPN isolates were captured, in 23.2% soil samples, more with T. molitor than with A. fraterculus baits. From the 20 isolates tested against A. fraterculus, only five were pathogenic, and they were identified as Oscheius sp. The nematodes were captured during all seasons in a similar frequency. Soil and weather conditions, presence of fruit over the orchard soil, and A. fraterculus pupae in the fruits had no significant influence on the capture. As a conclusion, nematodes of the genera Oscheius are found in an apple orchard of Porto Amazonas constantly along the year, independently of fluctuations in A. fraterculus population, climate conditions and presence of fruit over the soil. Some of the isolates are pathogenic to A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals Leaching of Picloram in ultisol under different rainfall volumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C Assis ◽  
A.A Silva ◽  
L D'Antonino ◽  
M.E.L.R Queiroz ◽  
L.C Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Plot Design

The present study aimed to evaluate the leaching potential of Picloram in Ultisol columns under different rainfall amounts. For such, 30 treatments were evaluated (one soil associated with three levels of rainfall and ten depths).The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. PVC columns of 10 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length were filled with these soils, moistened, and placed upright for 48 hours to drain the excess water. The herbicide was applied and rainfall simulations were carried out at specified intensities, according to the treatments, to force Picloram leaching. After 72 hours, all the columns were arranged in a horizontal position and opened lengthwise. Then, soil sampling was carried out every 5 cm of depth for subsequent herbicide extraction and quantification and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The remaining soil samples were placed in plastic pots, and, at the respective depths, the indicator species Cucumis sativus was sown. Twenty-one days after the emergence (DAE) of the indicator plants, evaluations were conducted to verify the symptoms of toxicity caused by Picloram in the plants. It was concluded that Picloram leaching is directly dependent on the volume of rain applied. The herbicide reached the deepest regions in the soil with the highest intensity of rain. The results obtained by bioassay were in agreement with those found by liquid chromatography.

First western Canadian records of Nebria brevicollis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and establishment of populations in Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robert R. McGregor ◽  
Henri Goulet ◽  
James R. LaBonte
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Species Description ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Trap Catches

Abstract The first western Canadian records of the European carabid, Nebria brevicollis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), are reported from Vancouver, Coquitlam, and Delta, British Columbia, Canada. A species description is provided to facilitate identification of this new invasive species. In addition, pitfall trap data are presented that demonstrate establishment of populations at four locations in Coquitlam. Trap catches were substantially higher at one anthropogenic meadow site than at three urban forest sites. Potential for further expansion of the range of N. brevicollis in British Columbia and beyond is discussed.

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