CRICKETS AS PREDATORS OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Time Of Year

AbstractThe high density of the field crickets Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Burmeister) and Nemobius fasciatus (DeGeer) under test trees in an unsprayed orchard, and the high mortality of apple-maggot pupae, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in test lots at the same time of year, suggested that crickets may have preyed heavily on the pupae and thus have constituted important mortality factors. Laboratory observations showed that crickets can detect, disinter, and consume apple-maggot pupae in simulated natural surroundings.

Natural enemies of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in northeast China, with notes on two species of parasitic Coleoptera

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yi Wang ◽  
Liang-Ming Cao ◽  
Zhong-Qi Yang ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Time Of Year

AbstractTo investigate natural enemies of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in northeastern China, we conducted field surveys of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) trees in semi-natural forests and plantations at variable EAB densities from 2008 to 2013. Our surveys revealed a complex of natural enemies including eight hymenopteran parasitoids and two apparently parasitic Coleoptera, woodpeckers, and several undetermined mortality factors. Parasitoid complex abundance and its contribution to EAB mortality varied with the time of year, type of ash stands, and geographic regions. The egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were frequently observed in Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces and in Beijing, but not in Tianjin. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), however, was more prevalent near Beijing and further south in Tianjin. Larvae of two species of apparently parasitic beetle, Tenerus Laporte (Coleoptera: Cleridae) species and Xenoglena quadrisignata Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae), were also recovered attacking overwintering EAB in Liaoning Province, with Tenerus species being a dominant mortality agent (~13%). Our findings support the need to consider the geographic origin of insect natural enemies for EAB biocontrol, as well as an expanded foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout its native range in Asia.

Age determination of adult field crickets: methodology and field applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1564-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Aging Adult ◽  
Gryllus Veletis

Details of a method originated by A.C. Neville for aging adult insects by counting daily growth rings in tibial or other body sections are given. A test of the method's accuracy using laboratory-reared field crickets (Gryllus pennsylvanicus and Gryllus veletis) showed that the number of growth rings counted is equivalent to the number of days past adult molt until the insect is approximately 25–30 days old, when cuticle growth is completed and rings are no longer added. Field populations of the two cricket species sampled in 2 years seldom contained individuals with more than 18 rings. Several applications for the technique to ecological and behavioral studies are given, using examples from data on G. veletis and G. pennsylvanicus.

The relative effects of mating status and age on the mating behaviour of female field crickets

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Judge ◽  
Kim-Chi Tran ◽  
Darryl T. Gwynne
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Female Behaviour ◽  
Female Choosiness

Intrinsic factors such as female age and mating status have been found to affect female choosiness. However, as these factors are often confounded in the wild because mated females are usually older individuals, the relative influence of these two factors on female behaviour is unclear. Using a fully factorial design, we tested the relative effects of age and mating status of female field crickets ( Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) on both (i) the probability that she would mate and (ii) her latency to mate. We found that virgin females were both more likely to mate and copulated more quickly than mated females, but female age had no significant effect on either the probability of mating or the latency to copulate. These results clearly show that mating status is more important in determining female mating behaviour than age. We suggest that previous work which showed an age effect on female choosiness in virgins alone might be of reduced relevance if most females do not remain unmated for long.

Predator-naïve fall field crickets respond to the chemical cues of wolf spiders

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Storm ◽  
Steven L. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Hogna Helluo ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Rabidosa Rabida ◽  
Blank Filter

Few studies have addressed whether terrestrial insects assess predation risk via chemical cues. We exposed predator-naïve fall field crickets ( Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) to filter paper containing the chemical cues of three wolf spiders ( Hogna helluo (Walckenaer, 1837), Rabidosa rabida (Walckenaer, 1837), Rabidosa punctulata (Hentz, 1844)), the house cricket ( Acheta domesticus L., 1758,) and blank filter paper. Crickets exhibited greater immobility and reduced speed of movement when exposed to chemical cues of all three spider species. Crickets exhibited reduced speed with increasing mass of R. punctulata, suggesting that larger spiders may pose a greater risk. Cricket response did not differ between cues of H. helluo fed conspecific crickets versus H. helluo fed house crickets, suggesting that crickets cannot distinguish between cues from H. helluo fed phylogenetically similar crickets. Our work nevertheless demonstrates that naïve field crickets respond to chemical cues of several species of wolf spiders.

Spatial Distribution of Calling Field Crickets, Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. French ◽  
E. J. McGowan ◽  
V. L. Backus
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Field Crickets

scholarly journals Open pelvic fractures - results of an multi-institutional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Marko Mladenovic ◽  
Predrag Stoiljkovic ◽  
Ivica Lalic ◽  
Vladimir Harhaji ◽  
Andrija Krstic
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Colon Resection ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Abdominal Injuries ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Pelvic Ring Fractures

Open pelvic fractures are devastating injuries, rare, and with high mortality. Leading causes of mortality are: haemorrhage, infection and associated injuries. The aim of this paper is to point out methods of treating these injuries and great number of prognostic mortality factors. Material - in period from January 2011 to December 2015, 221 patients with pelvis ringfracture were treated in three large clinical centers of Serbia, of which 13(5%) had an open fracture type. We have classified pelvic ring fractures according to the Young - Burgess classification. We have classified injuries according to Gustilo at I, II, and III degree, and the location of the wound according to Faringer classification was distributed in zone I, II and III. Urogenital and intra-abdominal injuries were monitored, and severity of injuries was determined according to Severity Score Injury (ISS) and Trauma Score (TS). Results - there were 6(46%) women and 7(54%) men at the average age of 41(13 - 76). Injuries from traffic trauma are dominant. The most common cause of pelvic ring fracture is an anterior posterior compression - 6(46%), lateral compression - 4(31%) and vertical force in 3 (23%) patients. Dominant injuries are type I and II according to Gustilo, and zone I according to Faringer classification. There were 6 (46%) patients with urogenital injuries, and the same number with intra-abdominal injuries, of which 3(23%) patients have been treated with colon resection and diversion. Due to abundant hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock 2 patients died, and another one died after three days due to sepsis and multisystem organ failure (MSOF). Conclusion - Open pelvic fractures have high mortality rate, due to: haemorrhage, infection, associated abdominal and genitourinary tract injuries, ISS> 25, TS <8 and age of patient >65 years.

Senescence in field crickets (Orthoptera; Gryllidae): examining the effects of sex and a sex-biased parasitoid

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Gray ◽  
William H Cade
Keyword(s):  
Field Cricket ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Intrinsic Mortality ◽  
Gryllus Integer

The evolutionary theory of aging proposes that senescence is related to decreased selection against deleterious mutations acting late in life. Senescence, i.e., an increase in intrinsic mortality with age, should reflect levels of extrinsic mortality early in life. We tested these predictions using two species of field cricket, Gryllus integer and Gryllus pennsylvanicus. Gryllus integer males are host to a sex-biased parasitoid fly, which orients to the male calling song. As a result, males have reduced life expectancy compared with females in the field. In contrast, G. pennsylvanicus males and females appear to have similar life expectancies in the wild. Thus, we predicted that there would be a significant species × sex interaction, with G. integer males having the shortest life-span. In two replicates, we found that males of both species died at a significantly younger age than females. However, no evidence of a species × sex interaction was found: in the first replicate, G. integer males died earliest, in the second replicate, G. pennsylvanicus males died earliest.

scholarly journals Influence of female cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile on male courtship behavior in two hybridizing field crickets Gryllus firmus and Gryllus pennsylvanicus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Heggeseth ◽  
Danielle Sim ◽  
Laura Partida ◽  
Luana S. Maroja
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Mate Preference ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Gryllus Firmus ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Male Courtship Behavior

Abstract Background The hybridizing field crickets, Gryllus firmus and Gryllus pennsylvanicus have several barriers that prevent gene flow between species. The behavioral pre-zygotic mating barrier, where males court conspecifics more intensely than heterospecifics, is important because by acting earlier in the life cycle it has the potential to prevent a larger fraction of hybridization. The mechanism behind such male mate preference is unknown. Here we investigate if the female cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile could be the signal behind male courtship. Results While males of the two species display nearly identical CHC profiles, females have different, albeit overlapping profiles and some females (between 15 and 45%) of both species display a male-like profile distinct from profiles of typical females. We classified CHC females profile into three categories: G. firmus-like (F; including mainly G. firmus females), G. pennsylvanicus-like (P; including mainly G. pennsylvanicus females), and male-like (ML; including females of both species). Gryllus firmus males courted ML and F females more often and faster than they courted P females (p < 0.05). Gryllus pennsylvanicus males were slower to court than G. firmus males, but courted ML females more often (p < 0.05) than their own conspecific P females (no difference between P and F). Both males courted heterospecific ML females more often than other heterospecific females (p < 0.05, significant only for G. firmus males). Conclusions Our results suggest that male mate preference is at least partially informed by female CHC profile and that ML females elicit high courtship behavior in both species. Since ML females exist in both species and are preferred over other heterospecific females, it is likely that this female type is responsible for most hybrid offspring production.

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