NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1083-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Quednau
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Quercus Prinus

AbstractSeven aphid species, Longistigma chantali from Fagus grandifolia, Diphyllaphis microtrema from Quercus rubra, Hoplochaitophorus heterotrichus from Quercus prinus, Calaphis leonardi from Betula populifolia, Calaphis neobetulella from Betula nigra, Monellia hispida from Carya glabra, and Iziphya mackaueri from Carex sp., are described as new. Neosymydobius quercihabitus Miller and Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch) are redescribed.

An exotic insect and pathogen disease complex reduces aboveground tree biomass in temperate forests of eastern North America

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Posy E. Busby ◽  
Charles D. Canham
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aboveground Tree Biomass

Forests store a large portion of global carbon in tree and soil biomass. However, our understanding of the factors that may reduce rates of forest carbon accumulation is incomplete. This study examines the impact of an exotic insect and fungal pathogen disease on aboveground tree biomass in forests of eastern North America. We determine how beech bark disease (BBD) — a pervasive but nonextirpating disease — influences the growth and survival of its host tree, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., and the effects of changes in the demography of this late-successional dominant tree species on total stand-level aboveground tree biomass. Our analyses use US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data from eastern states located along a gradient in the time since introduction of BBD. In Maine, where BBD has been present for >50 years, we observed reduced growth and survival of the host tree and reduced overall stand-level aboveground tree biomass compared with states where BBD arrived more recently. Additionally, there is a negative relationship between host tree abundance and overall stand-level aboveground tree biomass. Where beech is most abundant, BBD results in substantial declines in aboveground tree biomass (e.g., 11% in Maine); where beech is less abundant, we expect more modest declines (1%–4%).

Masting behaviour in beech: linking reproduction and climatic variation

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Piovesan ◽  
Jonathan M Adams
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Drought Event

The question of what triggers masting in beech (Fagus) has been a source of uncertainty and curiosity. Analysing seed production series from Europe (Fagus sylvatica L.), eastern North America (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and Japan (Fagus crenata Blume), for various periods (lasting between 6 and 34 years) over the last 150 years, we find a close relationship between masting (mast year) and preceding growing season climate events (mast year–1 and mast year–2) in eastern North America and Europe, with tentative indications of this pattern in Japan. A drought in the early summer preceding masting (mast year–1) is a very strong predictor in Europe and eastern North America, but drought events were not found for the Japan series. The predictive power is increased in all three regions if there has been an unusually moist, cool summer the year before the drought (mast year–2). We suggest that, in this initial moist summer (mast year–2), carbohydrate buildup within the trees "primes" them for floral induction the following year (year–1). In the European and eastern North American series, a drought event in the early part of the following summer (mast year–1) acts as a proximal trigger for the release of those reserves into flower initiation and then seed production.Key words: masting, Fagus spp., floral induction, drought, climatic variation, evolutionary ecology.

The Identification and Study of Indian Shell Middens in Eastern North America: 1643–1861

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
North America ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Shell Middens ◽  
Work Done

Although the interest in shell middens in North America is often traced to reports of the discoveries in Danish kjoekkenmoeddings in the mid-nineteenth century, extensive shell midden studies were already occurring on the East Coast by that time. This article reviews selected examples of this early work done by geologists and naturalists, which served as a foundation for shell midden studies by archaeologists after the Civil War.

HAVE WE SEEN THE LARGEST EARTHQUAKES IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Neely ◽  
◽  
Seth Stein ◽  
Miguel Merino ◽  
John Adams
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America
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