THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON PRE-ADULT DEVELOPMENT OF AEDES FLAVESCENS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Trpiš ◽  
J. A. Shemanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Suitable Temperature

AbstractThe most suitable temperature for larval development of Aedes flavescens was found to be 20 °C. At this temperature 74% of the larvae pupated in 20 days. At 15 °C the developmental period was 42 days with a survival rate of 54%. At 25 °C the developmental period was 22 days but the survival rate dropped to 7%. At 10 °C the developmental period was 80 days with a survival rate of 6%. At 5 °C and 30 °C mortality was 100% in the first instar stage. Adult males emerged from the pupae in three days at 25 °C, two days earlier than the females.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF BEAN FLOWER THRIPS, Megalurothrips usitatus (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) REARED ON MUNG BEAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sabera Yasmin ◽  
Mohammed Ali ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mst. Salma Akter ◽  
Md. Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
First Instar

The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus is a major pest of mung bean that causes flower dropping and significant yield loss of the crop. M. usitatus demonstrated to have variable lifespan when reared on different leguminous hosts but on mung bean, an important pulse crop in Bangladesh, is unknown. The experiment was conducted to determine the biological attributes of M. usitatus on mung bean in a climate control chamber at 26 ± 1°C, 75 ± 3% RH, and 16:8 hours L:D in the laboratory. The results revealed that the incubation period, first instar larva, second instar larva, prepupa, and pupal period of M. usitatus were 3.13 ± 0.06, 1.48 ± 0.05, 2.30 ± 0.08, 1.30 ± 0.07, and 2.26 ± 0.13 days, respectively. The combined developmental period from egg to adult was 10.54 ± 0.15 (mean ± SE) days. The larvae of M. usitatus were similar in appearance to the adults, but they lacked wings and were smaller and different in color. The first instar was pale yellow, while the second instar was darker and larger, ranging from deep yellow to orange-red. The wing pads of the prepupae were shorter than that of the pupae. The antennae of the prepupa were straight, but they were bent in the pupa. In the case of pre-adult mortality of M. usitatus, the mortality of the first instar larva was 14.41%, second instar larva 22.77%, prepupa 14.10%, and pupa 65.67%. The pre-adult mortality was 80.51% overall. Adult males had lower longevity (6.42 ± 0.44 days) than females (12.07± 1.56 days). The developmental period of M. usitatus on mung bean indicated the suitability of the leguminous crop as a potential host, as well as the need for information on the pest’s various growth stages in order to design effective management strategies.

EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE ON THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF AEDES VEXANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Trpiš ◽  
J. A. Shemanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Suitable Temperature

AbstractThe most suitable temperature for larval development of Aedes vexans Meigen was found to be 25 °C. At this temperature 86% of the larvae survived and pupated in 7 days. At 10°, 15°, 20°, and 30 °C larval development time was 46, 22, 10, and 8 days and survival rates were 17, 56, 74, and 71%, respectively. At 5 °C mortality was 100% in the first-instar stage, the last larva dying 12 days after hatching. Adults emerged in 2 to 5 days after being transferred into water at 25 °C, males emerging 2 days before the females.

scholarly journals Effect of Larval Density on Development of the Coconut Hispine Beetle,Brontispa longissima(Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Murata ◽  
Dang Thi Dung ◽  
Shun-ichiro Takano ◽  
Ryoko Tabata Ichiki ◽  
Satoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
High Density ◽  
Density Effect ◽  
Two Populations

The coconut hispine beetle,Brontispa longissimashows, aggregation in the field. To elucidate the effect of aggregation on larval developmental aspects, we examined the effects of larval density on various aspects of larval development and on survival rates. Recently we found thatB. longissimawas divided into two monophyletic clades by genetic analysis. Therefore, we also compared the results between two populations, from Ishigaki, Japan (ISH) and Papua New Guinea (PNG), which were representative of the two monophyletic clades ofB. longissima. In both ISH and PNG, the larval developmental period was shorter and the survival rate higher with rearing under high-density conditions than under isolated conditions. Similarly, fewer instars were required before pupation under high-density conditions than under isolated conditions.Brontispa longissimatherefore developed better under high-density conditions, and the trends in the density effect were similar between two monophyletic clades.

scholarly journals Developmental arrest and ecdysteroid deficiency resulting from mutations at the dre4 locus of Drosophila.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Sliter ◽  
L I Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Molting Hormone ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Ring Gland ◽  
Pharate Adult

Abstract Loss-of-function mutations of the dre4 gene of Drosophila melanogaster caused stage-specific developmental arrest, the stages of arrest coinciding with periods of ecdysteroid (molting hormone) regulated development. Nonconditional mutations resulted in the arrest of larval development in the first instar; embryogenesis was not impaired, and mutant larvae were behaviorally normal and long-lived. At 31 degrees the temperature-sensitive dre4e55 allele caused the arrest of larval development in the first or second instars. When upshifted to 31 degrees at various times during development, dre4e55 mutants exhibited nonpupariation of third-instar larvae, failure of pupal head eversion, failure of adult differentiation, or noneclosion of pharate adults. Under some temperature regimens second-instar larvae pupariated precociously without entering the normally intervening third-instar. Nonpupariation and defects in metamorphosis were associated with the reduction or elimination of ecdysteroid peaks normally associated with late-larval, prepupal, pupal and pharate adult development. Ecdysteroid production by larval ring glands from dre4e55 hemizygous larvae was suppressed after 2 hr of incubation in vitro at 31 degrees, indicating autonomous expression of the dre4 gene in the ring gland. We postulate that the dre4 gene is required for ecdysteroid production at multiple stages of Drosophila development and that the pathologies observed in dre4 mutants reflect developmental consequences of ecdysteroid deficiency.

Effect of temperature and salinity on larval development of southern king crab (Lithodes antarcticus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vinuesa ◽  
L. Ferrari ◽  
R. J. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
King Crab

scholarly journals Effect of Ambient Temperature on Daily Nebulized Asthma Hospital Visits in a Tropical City of Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Ayesha Ferdosi Kabir ◽  
Chris Fook Sheng Ng ◽  
Shinya Yasumoto ◽  
Taiichi Hayashi ◽  
Chiho Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Asthma Morbidity ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Hospital Visits

The acute effect of temperature on asthma morbidity in Bangladesh is not well understood. As climate varies extensively in different parts of the world, the relation between temperature and asthma might also differ. We investigated the association between temperature and asthma-related hospital visits in the tropical city of Dhaka. We analyzed information from a total of 5989 asthma patients who received ambulatory care in the form of nebulized medication at the National Asthma Center in Mohakhali, Dhaka from February to November 2013. A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to estimate the effect of daily temperature, with consideration of delayed effects and possible confounders such as relative humidity and political strikes. An inverse association was observed between temperature and the number of hospital visits. The effect was delayed for approximately a week. A degree centigrade decrease in mean temperature (averaged across lags 0-6) was associated with an increase of approximately 4.5% (95% CI 1.5, 7.5) in all asthma visits. The association was evident in adult males but marginal in elderly males. A positive association (lag 0) was observed among adult females, whereas no association was observed among children. Strikes significantly modified the effect among the elderly. Findings suggest temperature declines affect asthma outcomes in a warm climate, and this effect can be delayed and vary by sex and age group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannalene Du Plessis ◽  
Marie-Louise Schlemmer ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Different Temperatures

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest of tropical origin which recently invaded Africa, the Far East and Australia. Temperature, therefore, plays an important role in its invasion biology, since this pest does not go into diapause. The aim of this study was to determine the development rate of S. frugiperda at different temperatures and to calculate the number of degree-days (°D) required for each stage to complete its development. This study was conducted at five different temperatures—18, 22, 26, 30 and 32 ± 1 °C. Larvae were reared individually in Petri dishes with sweetcorn kernels provided as food. The development rate of S. frugiperda increased linearly with increasing temperatures between 18 and 30 °C and larval survival was the highest between 26 and 30 °C. The optimal range for egg, larval and egg-to-adult development was between 26 and 30 °C. The optimum temperature with the fastest larval development rate and lowest mortality was at 30 °C. The pupal development period ranged between 7.82 and 30.68 days (32–18 °C). The minimum temperature threshold for egg and larva development was 13.01 and 12.12 °C, respectively, 13.06 °C for pupae and 12.57 °C for egg-to-adult development. Degree-day requirements for the development of the respective life cycle stages of S. frugiperda were 35.68 ± 0.22 for eggs, 204.60 ± 1.23 °D for larvae, 150.54 ± 0.93 °D for pupae and 391.61 ± 1.42 °D for egg-to-adult development.

scholarly journals Ceratothripoides claratris, a New Vector of a Capsicum chlorosis virus Isolate Infecting Tomato in Thailand

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. S. D. Premachandra ◽  
C. Borgemeister ◽  
E. Maiss ◽  
D. Knierim ◽  
H.-M. Poehling
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Capsicum Chlorosis Virus

Ceratothripoides claratris, the predominant thrips species on tomato in Thailand, was tested for vector competence and efficiency to transmit Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) (isolate AIT) to tomato. The efficiency of adult-stage transmission was influenced by the larval stage at which virus was acquired. Adult C. claratris showed 69% transmission efficiency after acquiring the virus as freshly emerged (<1 h) first-instar larvae. However, when just molted (<1 h) second-instar larvae acquired the virus, the percentage of adult transmitters significantly decreased (48%). Transmission efficiency of up to 47% was detected with second-instar larvae of C. claratris which had acquired the virus as freshly emerged first-instar larvae. Transmission efficiency did not significantly differ between adult males and females, irrespective of the larval stage at which the virus was acquired. Highest transmission efficiency for CaCV was recorded in adult C. claratris derived from second-instar larvae collected from infected tomato plants in a greenhouse. Lowest transmission efficiency was observed in adults directly collected from infected tomato plants in the greenhouse. The spread of CaCV on tomato plants in greenhouses showed a close association with thrips infestations.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND FOOD DEPRIVATION ON SURVIVAL OF FIRST-INSTAR DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTHS (ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rearing Temperature ◽  
Tussock Moth ◽  
Orgyia Pseudotsugata ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Starvation Conditions

AbstractMortality of neonatal Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae varied from 0% to 100% depending on the rearing temperature and duration of food deprivation. Lower temperatures apparently favor larval survival under starvation conditions. For each period of food deprivation, mortality occurs earlier as the temperature increases; this shift to earlier mortality was significant at P <.01. Some implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on the Survival and Larval Development of Deiratonotus Japonicus (Brachyura, Camptandriidae) as a Biological Indicator

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Kweun Oh ◽  
Seung-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Kanagawa Prefecture ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Deiratonotus japonicus (D. japonicus) inhabits isolated locations and upstream brackish waters from Kanagawa Prefecture to Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. This species faces the threat of extinction because of changing habitat conditions. Our previous studies have shown that its complete larval development from hatching to metamorphosis consists of five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage. In this study, the effect of temperature on the survival and growth of larval development in D. japonicus under controlled laboratory conditions of 13, 18, 23, 24, 25, and 26 °C was investigated by rearing larvae (30 PSU; 12:12 h light/dark cycle; fed a diet of Brachionus plicatilis rotundiformis and Artemia sp. nauplii). The survival rates and developmental periods were measured for each larval stage. The highest survival rates were obtained at 18–24 °C. Metamorphosis to megalopa occurred at 23–25 °C. There were rapid and synchronous developments at 25–26 °C but delayed and extended developments at 13 °C. The molting period decreased with increasing temperature. With decreasing temperature, the beginning of the development and duration of molting was prolonged. In addition, there were very low survival rates at 13 °C and 26 °C in all zoeal stages. Our results indicate that the early larval stages of D. japonicus are well adapted to 18–24 °C, the range observed in the estuarine marine environment of the Kita River during the breeding season. Optimum larval survival and growth were obtained at 23 °C. Temperature significantly affected the survival rate, developmental period, and molting of the larvae. The relationship between the cumulative periods of development from hatching through individual larval stages (y) and temperatures (T) was described as a power function (y = a × Tb).

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