A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD MICROPEPLINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) WITH A REARRANGEMENT OF THE WORLD SPECIES

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
African Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Central American Species

AbstractThe New World species of the staphylinid subfamily Micropeplinae are revised. Three genera are recognized: Kalissus Leconte with 1 species, Micropeplus Latreille with 11 species, and Peplomicrus Bernhauer with 3 species. Of the three previously recognized subgenera of Micropeplus, Arrhenopeplus Koch is placed in synonymy with Micropeplus, and Peplomicrus is elevated to generic status. New species are: M. durangoensis from Mexico, M. neotomae from California and Oregon, M. browni from eastern Canada and the United States, M. robustus from California and Oregon, M. lecontei from southern California, and P. dybasi from Costa Rica and Panama. Micropeplus obliquus Leconte is placed in synonymy with M. sculptus Leconte, and M. oregonensis Hatch is placed in synonymy with M. punctatus Leconte. The genus Micropeplus is divided into six species groups based on an examination of both Old and New World species. A checklist of the species of Micropeplinae places all the described species in the proposed classification. Two African species, M. africanus Cameron and M. carayoni Jarrige, and one Central American species, M. acumen Sharp, are transferred to the genus Peplomicrus.

scholarly journals La contrebande des produits du tabac au Canada entre 1985 et 1994 et le cas particulier du Québec

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Alain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

The professional smuggling of mass consumption products develops when demand for a product is not adequately fulfilled by the legitimate market. The difficulties encountered in supplying are, in most contemporary cases, caused by real rarity of the desired product. For other cases, however, the rarity is largely virtual in that government taxes aimed at the product in question lead to increasing the product's price to a prohibitive end. This was the case with cigarettes in Canada between 1985 and 1994. Before both, the federal and provincial, governments decided to drastically decrease cigarette taxes in February 1994, the price for a pack of cigarettes was five to six times higher than the same product in the United States. This article begins with a brief review of the contribution made by economists in regard to contemporary smuggling. Focus will be aimed at common characteristics of the smuggling phenomenon across the world. Elements which are more particular to the Canadian smuggling situation will be identified as well. While the difference in the price of cigarettes between Canada and the United States would seem to be the undeniable driving force behind the development of smuggling activities at the countries ' border, one key question remains unexplained. Why was the volume of contraband unequally distributed across Canada even though the price of cigarettes remained largely consistent throughout all provinces? The level of organization of smuggling networks was much higher in Eastern Canada, and particularly in Quebec, than it was in the western provinces. It is argued that the reasons for this are not only due to price, but to a series of political, historical, and geographical factors which allowed cigarette smugglers to function better in Quebec than in the rest of the country.

WORLD WAR I AND THE PARADOX OF WILSONIANISM

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Lloyd E. Ambrosius
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
New World ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
New World Order ◽  
World War ◽  
Imperial Germany ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

One hundred years ago, on April 6, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson led the United States into the First World War. Four days earlier, in his war message to Congress, he gave his rationale for declaring war against Imperial Germany and for creating a new world order. He now viewed German submarine attacks against neutral as well as belligerent shipping as a threat to the whole world, not just the United States. “The present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind,” he claimed. “It is a war against all nations.” He now believed that Germany had violated the moral standards that “citizens of civilized states” should uphold. The president explained: “We are at the beginning of an age in which it will be insisted that the same standards of conduct and responsibility for wrong done shall be observed among nations and their governments that are observed among the individual citizens of civilized states.” He focused on protecting democracy against the German regime of Kaiser Wilhelm II. “A steadfast concert for peace,” he said, “can never be maintained except by a partnership of democratic nations. No autocratic government could be trusted to keep faith within it or observe its covenants.” Wilson called on Congress to vote for war not just because Imperial Germany had sunk three American ships, but for the larger purpose of a new world order. He affirmed: “We are glad, now that we see the facts with no veil of false pretense about them, to fight thus for the ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the German peoples included: for the rights of nations great and small and the privilege of men everywhere to choose their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundation of political liberty.”

scholarly journals Speaking about the War of 1812: Reinterpreting History in the Rhetoric Surrounding Canada’s Inter-War Diplomacy (1919–1939)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
International Forum ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Application

A remarkable feature of Canada’s external relations in the years between the two world wars of the twentieth century is the extent to which Canada’s conduct and speeches by its representatives on international affairs were dominated by imagery of North American harmony. Past clashes, most notably the War of 1812, or simply differences of views were forgotten or overlooked in the construction of a myth that served to justify inaction and the denial of commitments in imperial and world affairs. An aloof, unhelpful stance internationally was depicted more positively as a worthy example of peaceful attitudes and conduct. Thus, the inter-war period was dominated by rhetoric about ‘the longest undefended border in the world,’ ‘[more than a] century of peace in North America,’ and the contrast between the ‘New World’ and the ‘Old World’ in world affairs. No Canadian speech in an international forum seemed complete without some variation on these themes and without an admonition to Europeans and other miscreants to settle disputes by conciliation, negotiation and arbitration – rather than resort to war – as was the tradition in relations between Canada and the United States. This paper deals with the development, application and effect in the inter-war period of the lessons supposedly drawn from the experience and especially the aftermath of the War of 1812.

scholarly journals The Gulf War (1990–1991) and new foreign political concept of George Herbert Walker Bush

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Dmitrii N. Khristenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
New World ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
George Herbert ◽  
New World Order ◽  
The World

The article examines the foreign policy concept of the «new world order» of George Herbert Walker Bush, which he put forward during the Gulf War (1990-1991). Despite its short duration, the Middle East conflict has become a symbol of the transformation of international relations initiated by the crisis of the bipolar system and arising of the United States as the main military and political world power. Consequently, Washington sought to rethink its role in the world arena. This task was intended to solve by the concept of a «new world order». The main sources for this article were the memoirs of the former American president and James Addison Baker III (U.S. Secretary of State), documents of White House’ administration, as well as publications of «Foreign Affairs» – the most influential journal on international relations in the United States. The research methodology includes the space-time analysis of Fernand Paul Achille Braudel, historical-descriptive and historical-genetic methods. It is noted that the foreign policy concept of a «new world order» was in the centre of public attention and caused a heated discussion in the United States, as a result of which was rejected its main element – reliance on allies and the rule of international law. The attempts of Russian diplomacy to propose a corrected interpretation of the concept of a «new world order» did not meet the understanding overseas. Washington took a course towards sole leadership in the world that triggered the deterioration of the state of affairs in the world arena in the long term.

Immigration and the Historical Formation of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Moya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Regional Inequalities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Brazilian Culture

More than 98 percent of the Brazilian population descend from people who arrived in the country, willingly or forced, during the last five centuries. French and Dutch Calvinists established colonies during the 1500s and 1600s. The Portuguese, including Jewish conversos, expelled these imperial rivals and, unlike in Portuguese India, managed to forge the Luso-Brazilian culture to which later arrivals would eventually assimilate. Close to four-tenths of the eleven million slaves trafficked across the Atlantic landed in Brazil, giving the country the largest Afro-descendant population in the world outside Nigeria. The large numbers, the traffic’s long temporal span, and the country’s close connection to Portuguese Africa infused Brazil with distinctively intense and varied African ethnic cultures that shaped both the slaves’ strategies of adaptation and resistance and the national ethos. Brazil also received over five million immigrants after its independence in 1822, most of them between the 1880s and the 1920s. Latin Europe accounted for four-fifths of the arrivals (1.8 million Portuguese, 1.5 million Italians, and 700,000 Spaniards). Others came from elsewhere in Europe and beyond, giving Brazil the largest population of Japanese descendants in the world outside Japan, the largest of Lebanese descendants outside Lebanon, and the second largest of German descendants outside Germany (after the United States). This engendered a strikingly multicultural society. Yet over a few generations, Brazil absorbed these new populations in a manner that resembles the experience of the rest of the New World. Economically, immigrants turned southern Brazil from a colonial backwater into the richest region of the country, but, in the process, they also brought racially embedded regional inequalities to the forefront.

scholarly journals The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1033 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY A.P. GIBSON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
World Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Accidental Introduction

The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) are revised, keyed and illustrated. Sixteen species are recognized, including two that are newly classified in the genus, B. reticulata(Nikol’skaya) n. comb. and B. splendida (Girault) n. comb., and eight that are described as new, B. camptogastra n. sp., B. dictyota n. sp., B. enoptra n. sp., B. eximiassita n. sp., B. laciniosa n. sp., B. punctiscutum n. sp., B. reburra n. sp., and B. reticulifrons n. sp. Evidence for the monophyly of Balcha is discussed and the 16 species are segregated into four species groups based on morphological features. Balcha indica (Mani & Kaul) is newly recorded from the eastern United States (Maryland, Michigan, Virginia) as an accidental introduction from the Oriental region and as an adventitious parasitoid of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).

Central America’s vaccine efforts face mixed prospects

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
World Health ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Roll Out

Significance Elsewhere in the region, only Panama has so far received a first vaccine shipment, suggesting roll-outs initially will be patchy. Central American governments are sourcing their vaccines either through direct purchases from manufacturers or through programmes run by the World Health Organization (WHO). Impacts A black market is likely to emerge both for vaccines and vaccination certificates. Poorer countries will receive more vaccine support once roll-outs have advanced in wealthier countries globally, but this may take time. Vaccine roll-out in the United States will benefit Central America in terms of tourism, business travel and investment recovery.

The Historical Manuscripts at Lambeth

1917 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Claude Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
James I ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Historical Manuscripts ◽  
The World ◽  
Back Door ◽  
John Selden ◽  
The Times

When Peter the Great was wearied with London and Londoners, and even receiving visits of ‘the thin gentleman’ in ‘a modest looking coach’ to his lodgings in Norfolk Street, Strand, and returning them through the back door of Kensington House had ceased to amuse, he was induced to make an expedition from Deptford to Lambeth where, we are told, ‘nothing in England astonished him so much as the Archiepiscopal library … he declared that he had never imagined that there were so many printed volumes in the world.’ One would like to know if they displayed to him among the MSS. that Elizabethan atlas (463) with its wonderful map of the New World and its mariner's compass in the wooden cover—an atlas made, as it shows, in days when Africa was better known than Scotland and Canada included what we now know as the United States; or Sir Henry Maynwaring's treatise on nautical terms (91, cf. 268), parent of many similar works. They form at any rate part of the original collection which the Archbishops hold in trust ‘to ye service of God and his Church, of the Kings and Commonwealth of this Realme, and particularly of the Archbishops of Canterbury,’ in the terms of Archbishop Abbott's will, ‘as they will answere unto me, and my predecessor [Richard Bancroft] in that fearefull day of God.’ Those treasures thus preserved have been added to, under sanctions less tremendous, not only by the munificence of Archbishops such as Sheldon and Tenison, Secker and Manners-Sutton, but also by the gifts of readers: or if Lambeth Library is the only one in London, public or private, of which it can be said that access has been given to students for over three hundred years, it may be allowed to the enthusiasm of one of the youngest as well as the latest of its Keepers to venture the opinion that it has gained thereby not less than it has given. It was a reader, John Selden, who saved it in the days of the Commonwealth: it was yet other readers, William Dugdale, and in the following century Richard Trevor, Bishop of Durham, who recovered for it valuable MSS. which, owing to the change of the times, could no longer be regained, as had been done in earlier days, by the weapons of the major excommunication and that godly discipline as to which some of my brother librarians probably agree with the Prayer Book that its restoration is much to be wished. And while there are many other readers down to the present time to whom the Library is indebted not only for books but even for MSS., there have been few I believe, who share with King James I the ignominy of having abused their privilege.

A REVISION OF THE GENERA MYCETOPORUS MANNERHEIM AND ISCHNOSOMA STEPHENS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE: TACHYPORINAE) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (S156) ◽  
pp. 3-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
New World ◽  
Central American ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
The North ◽  
Palearctic Region ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
Central American Species

AbstractThe North and Central American species formerly placed in the genus Mycetoporus are revised. Two genera are recognized, Mycetoporus Mannerheim and Ischnosoma Stephens, each with 18 species. The morphological and historical basis for this division is discussed. Ten species of Mycetoporus are described as new: bipunctatu, floridensis, impunctatus, neomexicanus, nidicola, pacificus, rufohumeralis, segregatus, smetanai, and triangulatus. Ten species of Ischnosoma are described as new: arizonense, ashei, costale, durangoense, fimbriatum, hermani, lecontei, mexicanum, pecki, and suteri. Mycetoporus boreelus J. Sahlberg, a species restricted to the Palearctic region, is removed from synonymy with M. nigrans Mäklin and Mycetoporus insignis Mäklin is found to be a junior synonym of M. americanus Erichson. Mycetoporus discalis, M. punctatissimus, and M. punctulatus, all species described by Hatch (1957), are transferred to the genus Bryoporus subgenus Bryophacis and the name Tachinus humidus Say is treated as a nomen dubium in the genus Mycetoporus.The usage of the generic names Mycetoporus Mannerheim and Ischnosoma Stephens is discussed. The North American species of the genus Mycetoporus are placed in six species groups and those of the genus Ischnosoma are placed in four species groups.A neotype is designated for Mycetoporus nigrans Mäklin and lectotypes are designated for M. americanus Erichson, M. insignis Mäklin, M. tenuis Horn, M. lucidulus LeConte, M. consors LeConte, Ischnosoma pictum (Horn) and I. flavicolle (LeConte). The following species were transferred from Mycetoporus to Ischnosoma and are new combinations: pictum Horn, splendidum Gravenhorst, flavicolle LeConte, virginiense Bernhauer, coxale Sharp, hospitale Fall, californicum Bernhauer and Schubert, and curtipenne Bernhauer.All genera, species groups, and species are described and the species are illustrated with line drawings and scanning electron photomicrographs. Keys are provided to distinguish the genera Mycetoporus and Ischnosoma and for all the species in each genus. The New World distribution of each species is mapped. The biology of each species, if known, is discussed.

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