EXPERIMENTS IN THE QUANTITATIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN DIADEGMA INSULARIS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) AND MICROPLITIS PLUTELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) WITH THEIR HOST PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Food Plant ◽  
Single Female ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Cage Size ◽  
Total Progeny

AbstractIn the laboratory, second- and third-instar Plutella maculipennis (Curtis) larvae were about equally susceptible to parasitism by Diadegma insularis (Cresson) or by Microplitis plutellae Muesebeck. The fourth and last instar was less susceptible than the second and third. Larvae of the first instar, although usually within the tissues of the food plant, could be parasitized. Maximum progeny obtained from female parasites during a lifetime, with regularly renewed supplies of hosts, averaged 516 in D. insularis, and 232 in M. plutellae. Effectiveness of D. insularis among a given number of host larvae improved slightly, reaching 85/100 as cage size increased from 50 to 200 sq. in., and declined somewhat, from 124/200 to 94/200, when cage size was further increased from 200 to 1500 sq. in. In field cages of 1, 2, and 4 sq. yd, with 200 host larvae, single female D. insularis parasitized about 35, 20, and 7% of hosts respectively. With 50, 100, 200, and 400 host larvae in 200-sq.-in. cages, and one female per unit, average progeny of D. insularis were respectively 39, 70, 113, and 150; of M. plutellae, approximately the same. In competition, two females, one of each species, operating among the same lot of larval hosts, produced more total progeny than two of the same species. Increasing constant temperatures from 20° to 30° favoured D. insularis slightly, but viability and effectiveness of M. plutellae at 30° was reduced.

scholarly journals Carulaspis juniperi (Bouche)-juniper pest (Juniperus spp.) in the Belgrade area

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207-1214
Author(s):  
Draga Graora ◽  
Radoslava Spasic ◽  
Milica Ckrkic
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Population Number ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Attack Intensity

The scale insect, Carulaspis juniperi (Bouche) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is a significant pest on juniper (Juniperus spp.). Its population number has increased in the Belgrade area in recent years. It is present in large numbers on plant twigs, needles and cones, and causes a slowdown in growth, needle chlorosis and premature needle fall, the loss of aesthetic value, drying of branches and whole plants. The presence and attack intensity of C. juniperi were determined on Juniperus spp. in 19 localities in the Belgrade area in 2007 and 2008. Its life cycle and harmfulness were also studied. C. juniperi develops one generation per year and overwinters as a fertilized female on juniper branches and needles. Oviposition starts at the end of April and beginning of May. The number of eggs laid by a single female is 16- 44. First instar larvae hatch in May and second instars appear at the beginning of June. At the end of June and in July males and females form. After copulation the males die and the fertilized females remain on the plants feeding until overwintering.

Anatomical impact and notes on viviparous development related to infestation by neotenic females of Stylops advarians (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) on adult female Andrena milwaukeensis (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zachary S. Balzer ◽  
Arthur R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Parasite ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Asynchronous Development ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
First Instar

Abstract Stylops advarians Pierce (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) is a prevalent parasite of adult Andrena milwaukeensis Graenicher (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. By dissecting adult bees and examining histological sections, we sought to determine how neotenic females of S. advarians impact female hosts of A. milwaukeensis anatomically. Adult bees with 1–3 females of S. advarians within their gasters were compared to nonstylopised bees (control). The presence of a single female parasite inhibited development of the host’s ovaries. The bee’s foregut shifted laterally when one parasite occupied the gaster and ventrally when two or three were present, thereby reducing the crop’s expandable capacity and the amount of nectar and pollen that stylopised bees can ingest. The midgut and hindgut were less significantly affected by stylopisation. Female parasites typically occupied the host’s gaster dorsolaterally, where each was supported by one of the host’s air sacs. If a third female parasite was present, she resided dorsally along the midline of the host’s gaster, mostly supported by the two female parasites to either side. Asynchronous development within neotenic female parasites was demonstrated, wherein mature first-instar larvae occupied the cephalothorax and abdomen at the same time that the adult female was still supporting multiple embryos.

Rediagnoses of the Asian genera Xylaplothrips and Mesandrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae, Haplothripini), with keys to Australian species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4613 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
LAURENCE A. MOUND ◽  
DESLEY J. TREE
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis

The genus Xylaplothrips is re-diagnosed, 11 species are listed as appropriately included in this genus of which three are new combinations from Haplothrips (X. acaciae; X. collyerae; X. gahniae). A further six species are listed as incertae sedis within Xylaplothrips and a key is provided to the four species of this genus known from Australia including X. anarsius sp.n. The genus Mesandrothrips is recalled from synonymy with Xylaplothrips, and a list is provided of 20 appropriately included species of which 14 are new combinations from Xylaplothrips (M. caliginosus; M. clavipes; M. darci; M. dubius; M. emineus; M. flavitibia; M. flavus; M. inquilinus; M. montanus; M. pictipes; M. pusillus; M. reedi; M. subterraneus; M. tener), and one is a new combination from Haplothrips (M. inquinatus). A key is provided to 10 species of this genus known from Australia, including three species transferred from Haplothrips, together with M. austrosteensia sp.n., M. googongi sp.n., M. kurandae sp.n., M. lamingtoni sp.n. and M. oleariae sp.n. The type species, M. inquilinus, is widespread across Southeast Asia as an invader of thrips galls, and Haplothrips darci Girault based on a single female from Queensland is considered closely related. 

scholarly journals A new species of Ampulicomorpha Ashmead from Eocene French amber, with a list of fossil and extant Embolemidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Cédric Chény ◽  
Elvis Guillam ◽  
André Nel ◽  
Vincent Perrichot
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Eocene Amber

Embolemidae is a cosmopolitan but species-poor group of chrysidoid wasps with a scarce fossil record, despite a long evolutionary history since at least the Early Cretaceous. Here, the new species, Ampulicomorpha quesnoyensis sp. nov., is illustrated and described based on a single female found in Early Eocene amber of Oise (France). The new species is compared with the three other known fossil species of the genus, and a key to all fossil species of Ampulicomorpha is provided. This is the third European fossil species of Ampulicomorpha, which suggests that the genus was once well established in Western Europe while it is more widely distributed in the Eastern Palaearctic region today. A list of all fossil and extant Embolemidae of the world, as well as a map of their geographical distribution map, are provided.

Evidence from mtDNA sequences that common laboratory strains of inbred mice are descended from a single female

Nature ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 295 (5845) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Ferris ◽  
Richard D. Sage ◽  
Allan C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Common Laboratory

Jumpstarting Health With a 15-Day Whole-Food Plant-Based Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110063
Author(s):  
Susan M. Friedman ◽  
Carol Hee Barnett ◽  
Robert Franki ◽  
Bruce Pollock ◽  
Beth Garver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Average Drop

The 15-day Jumpstart was developed as an evidence-based, affordable, standardized, replicable, and scalable program, designed to demonstrate quickly to patients that changing what they eat can improve their health. The program was designed using the principles of the self-determination theory of motivation and personality. Patients were instructed to eat an Esselstyn-compliant, whole-food plant-based diet consisting of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes. Of the 389 participants in the program from September 2018 to February 2020, average weight loss was 5.8 pounds (7.3 for those whose body mass index was >30), average systolic blood pressure drop was 6.8 points (16.8 points for those with systolic blood pressure >140), average drop in cholesterol was 26 points (44 points for those with a cholesterol >200), average drop in low-density lipoprotein was 19 points (33 points for those with a low-density lipoprotein >100), and average drop in fasting blood sugar was 5.1 points (28.4 points for those starting in the diabetic range); P value was <.005 for fasting blood sugar and <.001 for all other comparisons. A 15-day program that helps patients adopt an Esselstyn-style whole-food plant-based diet, through education, individualized medical feedback, social support, and facilitated small group work, rapidly improves health.

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