The Use of Microbial Coatings, Nutrients and Chemical Defense Systems in Oyster Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Manning ◽  
Weldon Lane ◽  
Richard Darren Williams ◽  
Matt Cowan ◽  
Marcus Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Oyster Spat ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Oyster Restoration ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractMany oyster species are keystone species that help mitigate shoreline erosion, provide habitats for juvenile fishes, and improve water quality. A number of human-driven factors have led to a decline in their populations worldwide. This article focuses on the chemistry of a novel substrate (nutrient-enriched concrete, or NEC) used to induce settlement and colonization of wild diploid oyster spat and is divided into four sections: (1) composition of the bulk material used for oyster restoration, (2) nutrients added to stimulate growth of bacterial and or algal biofilms, (3) nutrients included for the recently settled oyster spat, and (4) the potential use of natural chemical defense systems to control predators and competing marine life. The goal is to develop a material that can be manufactured and used on a large scale.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Low-Cost Commercial Actigraph and Its Potential Use in Detecting Cultural Variations in Physical Activity and Sleep

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3774
Author(s):  
Pavlos Topalidis ◽  
Cristina Florea ◽  
Esther-Sevil Eigl ◽  
Anton Kurapov ◽  
Carlos Alberto Beltran Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Scale Step ◽  
Potential Use

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost commercial smartwatch, the Xiaomi Mi Band (MB), in extracting physical activity and sleep-related measures and show its potential use in addressing questions that require large-scale real-time data and/or intercultural data including low-income countries. We evaluated physical activity and sleep-related measures and discussed the potential application of such devices for large-scale step and sleep data acquisition. To that end, we conducted two separate studies. In Study 1, we evaluated the performance of MB by comparing it to the GT3X (ActiGraph, wGT3X-BT), a scientific actigraph used in research, as well as subjective sleep reports. In Study 2, we distributed the MB across four countries (Austria, Germany, Cuba, and Ukraine) and investigated physical activity and sleep among these countries. The results of Study 1 indicated that MB step counts correlated highly with the scientific GT3X device, but did display biases. In addition, the MB-derived wake-up and total-sleep-times showed high agreement with subjective reports, but partly deviated from GT3X predictions. Study 2 revealed similar MB step counts across countries, but significant later wake-up and bedtimes for Ukraine than the other countries. We hope that our studies will stimulate future large-scale sensor-based physical activity and sleep research studies, including various cultures.

scholarly journals A new pest management research facility Scions largescale precision track sprayer

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
S.F. Gous ◽  
T.M. Withers ◽  
A.J. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Plant Canopies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Use

A new large scale precision track sprayer has been developed and evaluated for spray deposition and pesticide application research under controlled conditions The spray room is fitted with a 4 m wide electrically driven boom suspended 4 m above ground running on a 12 m long Ibeam It is fitted with 9 independently controlled shut off valves and nozzles Sprays can be applied to live plant canopies up to 3 m tall within a 2 m times; 3 m sample area The number location and type of nozzle on the boom can be altered as can spray liquid pressure and boom speed in order to simulate a wide range of spray application scenarios Calibration of the largescale precision track sprayer has been undertaken for a range of droplet spectra from extremely coarse to very fine This paper documents the calibration results and discusses the potential use of this facility for pesticide application research

Neuroecology, Chemical Defense, and the Keystone Species Concept

2007 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Zimmer ◽  
Ryan P. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Keystone Species

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera: A short review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
I.A. Raubilu ◽  
U. Isah ◽  
M.A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is well – known for its various medicinal properties. It grows wild in the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In Nigeria, Moringa oleifera trees are planted at a large scale especially in the northern part of the country. It has been widely used in the treatment of certain diseases as a traditional medicinal herb. Antimicrobial activity is the most studied property of Moringa oleifera. Many studies have shown that nearly all types of Moringa oleifera tissues exhibit antimicrobial activity including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti parasitic property. This review describes progress on research conducted to understand the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera and discusses the potential use of Moringa oleifera in the control of pathogenic microbes. Key words: Antimicrobial activity; Moringa oleifera; pathogenic microbes, control.  

scholarly journals Copper Oxide Nanomaterials Prepared by Solution Methods, Some Properties, and Potential Applications: A Brief Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Ha Tran ◽  
Viet Tuyen Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Narrow Bandgap ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Near Future

Cupric oxide (CuO), having a narrow bandgap of 1.2 eV and a variety of chemophysical properties, is recently attractive in many fields such as energy conversion, optoelectronic devices, and catalyst. Compared with bulk material, the advanced properties of CuO nanostructures have been demonstrated; however, the fact that these materials cannot yet be produced in large scale is an obstacle to realize the potential applications of this material. In this respect, chemical methods seem to be efficient synthesis processes which yield not only large quantities but also high quality and advanced material properties. In this paper, the effect of some general factors on the morphology and properties of CuO nanomaterials prepared by solution methods will be overviewed. In terms of advanced nanostructure synthesis, microwave method in which copper hydroxide nanostructures are produced in the precursor solution and sequentially transformed by microwave into CuO may be considered as a promising method to explore in the near future. This method produces not only large quantities of nanoproducts in a short reaction time of several minutes, but also high quality materials with advanced properties. A brief review on some unique properties and applications of CuO nanostructures will be also presented.

SMALL SCALE PILOT PROJECT AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING LARGE SCALE RESTORATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Craig ◽  
Tom Pride
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oyster Reef ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Oyster Restoration

ABSTRACT The use of pilot studies can be a useful tool in determining the most appropriate location, method and design for a large scale restoration project. This paper provides a case study where Trustees implemented a small pilot project and feasibility study to determine the best approach for a large scale oyster reef creation project. While the specific case study is the result of a CERCLA settlement (Alafia River Acid Spill of 1997), this model is transferable to other instances where Trustees are scoping for the most appropriate sites and methods to conduct settlement funded restoration. The Restoration Plan and Environmental Assessment on which the case settlement was based called for creation of approximately 4 acres of oyster reef in addition to 4 acres of estuarine marsh restoration. Through an initial scoping process, the Trustees determined that more information was needed to select the most appropriate locations and techniques to implement the large scale oyster restoration project. The Trustees identified 3 general locations with potential for larger scale oyster reef creation. A portion of settlement funding was used to contract for construction and monitoring of an oyster reef pilot project to examine the efficacy of oyster reef construction at the three locations using 4 different cultch materials. At each of the locations, 4 small reefs (approximately 75’ × 20’) were constructed and monitored for spat set, oyster survival and growth as well as subsidence. A baseline construction report and final monitoring report detailed the results. In addition, a separate report was completed that outlined the feasibility of constructing a 4 acre oyster reef in Hillsborough Bay, FL. This report included several construction considerations such as local sources and costs of cultch materials, shipping/transport, staging areas, construction equipment as well as potential local contractors. This paper reports the results of the oyster pilot project and feasibility report as well as lessons learned from each approach.

scholarly journals Oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) boatwhistle call detection and patterns within a large-scale oyster restoration site

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0182757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon W. Ricci ◽  
DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl ◽  
David B. Eggleston ◽  
M. Lisa Kellogg ◽  
R. Patrick Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Restoration Site ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Oyster Restoration

Low-cost manufacturing process for nanostructured metals and alloys

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2484-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis L. Brown ◽  
Srinivasan Swaminathan ◽  
Srinivasan Chandrasekar ◽  
W. Dale Compton ◽  
Alexander H. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Low Cost Manufacturing

In spite of their interesting properties, nanostructured materials have found limited uses because of the cost of preparation and the limited range of materials that can be synthesized. It has been shown that most of these limitations can be overcome by subjecting a material to large-scale deformation, as occurs during common machining operations. The chips produced during lathe machining of a variety of pure metals, steels, and other alloys are shown to be nanostructured with grain (crystal) sizes between 100 and 800 nm. The hardness of the chips is found to be significantly greater than that of the bulk material.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of standardized samples reveal patterns of marine benthic diversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 2076-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Leray ◽  
Nancy Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Oyster Reefs ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Documenting the diversity of marine life is challenging because many species are cryptic, small, and rare, and belong to poorly known groups. New sequencing technologies, especially when combined with standardized sampling, promise to make comprehensive biodiversity assessments and monitoring feasible on a large scale. We used this approach to characterize patterns of diversity on oyster reefs across a range of geographic scales comprising a temperate location [Virginia (VA)] and a subtropical location [Florida (FL)]. Eukaryotic organisms that colonized multilayered settlement surfaces (autonomous reef monitoring structures) over a 6-mo period were identified by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcoding (>2-mm mobile organisms) and metabarcoding (sessile and smaller mobile organisms). In a total area of ∼15.64 m2 and volume of ∼0.09 m3, 2,179 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were recorded from 983,056 sequences. However, only 10.9% could be matched to reference barcodes in public databases, with only 8.2% matching barcodes with both genus and species names. Taxonomic coverage was broad, particularly for animals (22 phyla recorded), but 35.6% of OTUs detected via metabarcoding could not be confidently assigned to a taxonomic group. The smallest size fraction (500 to 106 μm) was the most diverse (more than two-thirds of OTUs). There was little taxonomic overlap between VA and FL, and samples separated by ∼2 m were significantly more similar than samples separated by ∼100 m. Ground-truthing with independent assessments of taxonomic composition indicated that both presence–absence information and relative abundance information are captured by metabarcoding data, suggesting considerable potential for ecological studies and environmental monitoring.

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