scholarly journals Incorporation of Acoustic Sensors on a Coastal Ocean Monitoring Platform for Measurements of Biological Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Locascio ◽  
David Mann ◽  
Kyle Wilcox ◽  
Mark Luther
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Level Function ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters ◽  
Ocean Observing

AbstractOcean observing stations have mainly focused on data collection of physical parameters measured in the ocean and atmosphere and also, to some extent, of biogeochemical parameters. Robust sensors capable of measuring biological data reflective of higher tropic level function at the same time scales as other parameters are not yet commonly incorporated into the sensor array used on observing platforms. In this project, we reengineered a coastal ocean observatory to include two hydrophones for this purpose. One hydrophone (HTI 96-MIN) was used to record ambient acoustic signals of fish reproductive sounds, and a second hydrophone (Vemco VR2C) was used to receive transmissions from acoustic tags implanted in fishes. This project demonstrates that it is possible at a regional ocean observing station to collect data on biological-physical processes at the same time scales over long periods and on a cost-effective basis. This will allow a better understanding of natural variability in ecosystem processes and potential impacts on these from anthropogenic sources and climate change. Technical details of the reengineering methods used to make the station operational and URLs of data tables and archives are provided.

scholarly journals Toward the widespread application of low-cost technologies in coastal ocean observing (Internet of Things for the Ocean)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO MARCELLI ◽  
VIVIANA PIERMATTEI ◽  
RICCARDO GERIN ◽  
FABIO BRUNETTI ◽  
ERMANNO PIETROSEMOLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Ocean Observing

The ability to access user-friendly, low-cost instrumentation remains a limiting factor in coastal ocean observing. The majority of currently available marine observation equipment is difficult to deploy, costly to operate, and requires specific technical skills. Moreover, a harmonized observation program for the world’s coastal waters has not yet been established despite the efforts of the global ocean organizations. Global observational systems are mainly focused on open ocean waters and do not include coastal and shelf areas, where models and satellites require large data sets for their calibration and validation. Fortunately, recent technological advances have created opportunities to improve sensors, platforms, and communications that will enable a step-change in coastal ocean observing, which will be driven by a decreasing cost of the components, the availability of cheap housing, low-cost controller/data loggers based on embedded systems, and low/no subscription costs for LPWAN communication systems. Considering the above necessities and opportunities, POGO’s OpenMODs project identified a series of general needs/requirements to be met in an Open science development framework. In order to satisfy monitoring and research necessities, the sensors to be implemented must be easily interfaced with the data acquisition and transmission system, as well as compliant with accuracy and stability requirements. Here we propose an approach to co-design a cost-effective observing modular instrument architecture based on available low-cost measurement and data transmission technologies, able to be mounted/operated on various platforms. This instrument can fit the needs of a large community that includes scientific research (including those in developing countries), non-scientific stakeholders, and educators.

An Innovative Coastal-Ocean Observing Network (ICON)

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Paduan ◽  
Steven R. Ramp ◽  
Leslie K. Rosenfeld ◽  
Curtis A. Collins ◽  
Ching-Sang Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Ocean Observing

The Carolinas Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Buckley ◽  
M.M. Fletcher ◽  
L.J. Pietrafesa ◽  
M.K. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Ocean Observing

Expanding the Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System into the nearshore region

2012 Oceans ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Canals ◽  
J. Morell ◽  
J. E. Corredor ◽  
S. Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Ocean Observing

Analytical Study of ZnO-based HEMT for Power Switching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Sumit Chaudhary ◽  
Md Arif Khan ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Shaibal Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Electron Mobility Transistor ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Group Iii

Abstract We investigate the power switching mechanism to evaluate the power loss ( P D ) and efficiency ( η ) in MgZnO/ZnO (MZO)-based power high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), and physical parameters responsible for P D in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and dual ion beam sputtering (DIBS) grown MZO HEMT and compare the performance with the group III-nitride HEMTs. This work extensively probes all physical parameters such as two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density, mobility, switching frequency, and device dimension to study their impact on power switching in MZO HEMT. Results suggest that the MBE and DIBS grown MZO HEMT with the gate width ( W G ) of ∼ 205 and ∼ 280 mm at drain current coefficient (k) of 11 and 15, respectively, will achieve 99.96 and 99.95% of η and 9.03 and 12.53 W of P D , respectively. Moreover, W G value for DIBS-grown MZO HEMT is observed to further reduce in the range of 112-168 mm by using a Y 2 O 3 spacer layer leading to the maximum η in the range of 99.98-99.97% and the minimum P D in the range of 5-7 W. This work is significant for the development of cost-effective HEMTs for power switching applications.

scholarly journals High Frequency Electromagnetic Shielding by Biochar-Based Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Daniele Torsello ◽  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Mauro Giorcelli ◽  
Massimo Rovere ◽  
Rossella Arrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Permittivity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Microwave Shielding

We report on the microwave shielding efficiency of non-structural composites, where inclusions of biochar—a cost effective and eco-friendly material—are dispersed in matrices of interest for building construction. We directly measured the complex permittivity of raw materials and composites, in the frequency range 100 MHz–8 GHz. A proper permittivity mixing formula allows obtaining other combinations, to enlarge the case studies. From complex permittivity, finally, we calculated the shielding efficiency, showing that tailoring the content of biochar allows obtaining a desired value of electromagnetic shielding, potentially useful for different applications. This approach represents a quick preliminary evaluation tool to design composites with desired shielding properties starting from physical parameters.

scholarly journals Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic—The Glider Project

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6752
Author(s):  
Lionel Camus ◽  
Hector Andrade ◽  
Ana Sofia Aniceto ◽  
Magnus Aune ◽  
Kanchana Bandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Ocean Observing Systems ◽  
Observing Systems

Effective ocean management requires integrated and sustainable ocean observing systems enabling us to map and understand ecosystem properties and the effects of human activities. Autonomous subsurface and surface vehicles, here collectively referred to as “gliders”, are part of such ocean observing systems providing high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, we present some of the results achieved through the project “Unmanned ocean vehicles, a flexible and cost-efficient offshore monitoring and data management approach—GLIDER”. In this project, three autonomous surface and underwater vehicles were deployed along the Lofoten–Vesterålen (LoVe) shelf-slope-oceanic system, in Arctic Norway. The aim of this effort was to test whether gliders equipped with novel sensors could effectively perform ecosystem surveys by recording physical, biogeochemical, and biological data simultaneously. From March to September 2018, a period of high biological activity in the area, the gliders were able to record a set of environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, and oxygen, map the spatiotemporal distribution of zooplankton, and record cetacean vocalizations and anthropogenic noise. A subset of these parameters was effectively employed in near-real-time data assimilative ocean circulation models, improving their local predictive skills. The results presented here demonstrate that autonomous gliders can be effective long-term, remote, noninvasive ecosystem monitoring and research platforms capable of operating in high-latitude marine ecosystems. Accordingly, these platforms can record high-quality baseline environmental data in areas where extractive activities are planned and provide much-needed information for operational and management purposes.

On Coastal Ocean Systems, Coupled Model Architectures, Products and Services: Morphing from Observations to Operations and Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
L.J. Pietrafesa ◽  
E. B. Buckley ◽  
M. Peng ◽  
S. Bao ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Prediction Systems ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Regional Effort ◽  
Observing Systems

The national build-up of “coastal ocean observing systems” (COOSs) to establish the coastal observing component of the national component of the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) network must be well organized and must acknowledge, understand and address the needs of the principal clients, the federal, and in some cases state as well, agencies that provide financial support if it is to have substantive value. The funds being spent in support of COOS should be invested in pursuit of the establishment of the National Backbone (NB) that is needed: to greatly improve atmospheric, oceanic and coastal “weather” forecasting, broadly defined; for ecosystem management; and to document climate variability and change in coastal zones. However, this process has not occurred in a well conceived, orderly, well integrated manner due to historical and cultural bases and because of local priorities. A sub-regional effort that is designed to meet federal agency needs and mission responsibilities with an emphasis on meeting societal needs is presented by way of example to show that university and industry partners with federal agencies have an important role to play in the future of building out ocean and coastal observing and prediction systems and networks.

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