scholarly journals Toward the widespread application of low-cost technologies in coastal ocean observing (Internet of Things for the Ocean)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO MARCELLI ◽  
VIVIANA PIERMATTEI ◽  
RICCARDO GERIN ◽  
FABIO BRUNETTI ◽  
ERMANNO PIETROSEMOLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Ocean Observing

The ability to access user-friendly, low-cost instrumentation remains a limiting factor in coastal ocean observing. The majority of currently available marine observation equipment is difficult to deploy, costly to operate, and requires specific technical skills. Moreover, a harmonized observation program for the world’s coastal waters has not yet been established despite the efforts of the global ocean organizations. Global observational systems are mainly focused on open ocean waters and do not include coastal and shelf areas, where models and satellites require large data sets for their calibration and validation. Fortunately, recent technological advances have created opportunities to improve sensors, platforms, and communications that will enable a step-change in coastal ocean observing, which will be driven by a decreasing cost of the components, the availability of cheap housing, low-cost controller/data loggers based on embedded systems, and low/no subscription costs for LPWAN communication systems. Considering the above necessities and opportunities, POGO’s OpenMODs project identified a series of general needs/requirements to be met in an Open science development framework. In order to satisfy monitoring and research necessities, the sensors to be implemented must be easily interfaced with the data acquisition and transmission system, as well as compliant with accuracy and stability requirements. Here we propose an approach to co-design a cost-effective observing modular instrument architecture based on available low-cost measurement and data transmission technologies, able to be mounted/operated on various platforms. This instrument can fit the needs of a large community that includes scientific research (including those in developing countries), non-scientific stakeholders, and educators.

scholarly journals Accelerating Global Ocean Observing: Monitoring the Coastal Ocean Through Broadly Accessible, Low-Cost Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Aleck Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fishing Fleets

Abstract The global coastal ocean provides food and other critical resources to human societies. Yet this habitat, for which many depend, has experienced severe degradation from human activities. The rates of human-induced changes along the coast demand significantly improved coverage of ocean observations in order to support science-based decision making and policy formation tailored to specific regions. Our proposal envisions developing a global network of low-cost, easily produced and readily deployed oceanographic sensors for use on a wide variety of platforms in the coastal ocean. A substantially large number of these sensors can thus be installed on existing infrastructure, ships of opportunity, and fishing fleets, or even individually along the coast, particularly in vulnerable and disadvantaged regions. This would vastly increase the spatiotemporal resolution of the current data coverage along the coast, allowing greater equitable access. It would also offer significant opportunities for partnership with communities, NGOs, governments, and other stakeholders, as well as a wide range of commercial and industrial sectors to develop and deploy sensors in scalable networks transmitting data in near-real time. Finally, it presents a vastly lowered bar for participation by citizen scientists and other engaged members of the public to address location-specific coastal problems anywhere in the world.

Development of a Coastal Ocean Observing System for the Gulf of Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Jochens ◽  
Worth D. Nowlin
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Ocean Observing Systems ◽  
Observing Systems

The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System (GCOOS) is being developed as one of the regional coastal ocean observing systems under the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), which is a contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). GCOOS will be a sustained ocean observing system that provides data, information, and products on marine and estuarine systems to a wide range of users. A GCOOS Regional Association (GCOOS-RA) has been established to develop GCOOS. Activities to build GCOOS have included development of an inventory of extant observing systems, connection of real-time physical data from extant systems into the National Data Buoy Center via the Internet, and establishment and implementation of mechanisms for ongoing identification of (1) stakeholder requirements and priorities and (2) priority pilot projects to meet regional needs. A storm surge and inundation workshop is being held to identify the measurements and products needed by emergency managers and responders to better predict and mitigate effects of storm surge and inundation in the southeastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico. Funding for enhancements to the GCOOS is being sought from governmental and private sources. For GCOOS to evolve to its full potential, new federal resources targeted to regional coastal ocean observing systems must be committed.

Development of an Ocean Forecasting System off the West Coast of the United States: Sea Level Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Yi Chao ◽  
Paul M. DiGiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Model Management ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Ocean Forecasting ◽  
Ocean Observing

In the context of continuing development and implementation of global and regional ocean observing systems, we describe here the need and essential ingredients for a coastal ocean forecasting system focused on sea level and associated inundation issues and applications. Such a system must consist of the following key components: 1) satellite and in situ observations, 2) atmospheric forcing, 3) ocean circulation and tide modeling, 4) data assimilation for initialization, 5) forecast error estimation, and 6) data and model management. We describe these components, their continuing development and integrated implementation and application as part of a prototype coastal ocean forecast system for the U.S. West Coast. The multiscale nested modeling approach utilized here has demonstrated that sea level simulation can be improved by increasing the spatial resolution of observations. This and other regional ocean forecast systems are complementary and necessary elements of the emerging Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) needed to predict changes in sea level. Building on the increasing maturity of ocean observing and forecasting capabilities, there are a number of significant challenges that require immediate attention, planning and development. These include: 1) further development of models, data assimilation algorithms and information management system, 2) adaptive sampling to reduce uncertainty in ocean forecasting, 3) Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) to optimize observing system design, 4) bridging the land-sea boundary, and 5) moving from measurements to information in support of management and decision-making.

SOCIB: The Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System Responding to Science, Technology and Society Needs

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Tintoré ◽  
Guillermo Vizoso ◽  
Benjamín Casas ◽  
Emma Heslop ◽  
Ananda Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Mass ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Technology And Society ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Ocean Observing

AbstractNew monitoring technologies are being progressively implemented in open-ocean and coastal observatories. The Mediterranean Sea is a well-known, reduced-scale ocean, an ideal natural laboratory to study global ocean processes, in particular those associated with meso- and submesoscale variability, interactions with mean flows and associated ecosystem response. SOCIB, the Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, is one of such observatories, a multiplatform distributed and integrated system, a facility of facilities that extends from the nearshore to the open sea. SOCIB profits from the strategic position of the Balearic Islands at the Atlantic/Mediterranean transition area, one of the “hot spots” of biodiversity in the world’s oceans, and also of societal needs in islands where preservation of the environment is essential to assure both residents’ welfare and the competitiveness of the tourist sector. SOCIB is unique in that, from peer-reviewed excellence, its mission and objectives are science-, technology-, and society-driven. These types of new marine infrastructures, because of their critical mass and sustained funding, are presently establishing new ways of international cooperation, leading to major science breakthroughs, innovations in oceanographic instrumentation, and new ways of more efficient and science-based coastal and ocean management. We describe the major elements and structure of SOCIB and present some recent scientific, technological, and society-related results that are of relevance at a global ocean scale.

scholarly journals Coastal Ocean Observing and Modeling Systems in Brazil: Initiatives and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Franz ◽  
Carlos A. E. Garcia ◽  
Janini Pereira ◽  
Luiz Paulo de Freitas Assad ◽  
Marcelo Rollnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Ocean Observing

Coastal ocean observing and modeling systems (coastal observatories), connected with regional and global ocean systems, improve the quality of information and forecasts for effective management of safe and sustainable maritime activities. The public availability of systematic and long-term information of the ocean is an engine for the Blue Economy, boosting economic growth, employment, and innovation. An overview of some Brazilian initiatives is presented in this paper, involving universities, private companies, federal and state agencies, covering institutions from south to north of Brazil. Although these initiatives focus mainly on ocean physics, integrated efforts can extend the scope to include biogeochemistry and marine biodiversity, helping to address interdisciplinary problems. Existing initiatives can be connected, and new ones fostered, to fill in the gaps of temporal and spatial coverage of ocean monitoring in the vast oceanic area under Brazilian jurisdiction (nationally referred to as the Blue Amazon, in reference to the similar richness of the Amazon Forest). The alignment among national and regional initiatives, as well as with international programs, can be promoted if coordinated by a national-level organization, maximizing the return of public investment and socioeconomic benefits. In light of international examples, possible future institutional arrangements are discussed, leveraging from existing national public policies and international cooperation that Brazil is taking part. The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development is a timely opportunity to encourage an institutional arrangement to support and articulate an integrated network of coastal observatories in Brazil.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Acoustic Sensors on a Coastal Ocean Monitoring Platform for Measurements of Biological Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Locascio ◽  
David Mann ◽  
Kyle Wilcox ◽  
Mark Luther
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Level Function ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters ◽  
Ocean Observing

AbstractOcean observing stations have mainly focused on data collection of physical parameters measured in the ocean and atmosphere and also, to some extent, of biogeochemical parameters. Robust sensors capable of measuring biological data reflective of higher tropic level function at the same time scales as other parameters are not yet commonly incorporated into the sensor array used on observing platforms. In this project, we reengineered a coastal ocean observatory to include two hydrophones for this purpose. One hydrophone (HTI 96-MIN) was used to record ambient acoustic signals of fish reproductive sounds, and a second hydrophone (Vemco VR2C) was used to receive transmissions from acoustic tags implanted in fishes. This project demonstrates that it is possible at a regional ocean observing station to collect data on biological-physical processes at the same time scales over long periods and on a cost-effective basis. This will allow a better understanding of natural variability in ecosystem processes and potential impacts on these from anthropogenic sources and climate change. Technical details of the reengineering methods used to make the station operational and URLs of data tables and archives are provided.

scholarly journals The Limpet: A ROS-Enabled Multi-Sensing Platform for the ORCA Hub

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed E. Sayed ◽  
Markus P. Nemitz ◽  
Simona Aracri ◽  
Alistair C. McConnell ◽  
Ross M. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Offshore Platforms

The oil and gas industry faces increasing pressure to remove people from dangerous offshore environments. Robots present a cost-effective and safe method for inspection, repair and maintenance of topside and marine offshore infrastructure. In this work, we introduce a new immobile multi-sensing robot, the Limpet, which is designed to be low-cost and highly manufacturable, and thus can be deployed in huge collectives for monitoring offshore platforms. The Limpet can be considered an instrument, where in abstract terms, an instrument is a device that transforms a physical variable of interest (measurand) into a form that is suitable for recording (measurement). The Limpet is designed to be part of the ORCA (Offshore Robotics for Certification of Assets) Hub System, which consists of the offshore assets and all the robots (UAVs, drones, mobile legged robots etc.) interacting with them. The Limpet comprises the sensing aspect of the ORCA Hub System. We integrated the Limpet with Robot Operating System (ROS), which allows it to interact with other robots in the ORCA Hub System. In this work, we demonstrate how the Limpet can be used to achieve real-time condition monitoring for offshore structures, by combining remote sensing with signal processing techniques. We show an example of this approach for monitoring offshore wind turbines. We demonstrate the use of four different communication systems (WiFi, serial, LoRa and optical communication) for the condition monitoring process. By processing the sensor data on-board, we reduce the information density of our transmissions, which allows us to substitute short-range high-bandwidth communication systems with low-bandwidth long-range communication systems. We train our classifier offline and transfer its parameters to the Limpet for online classification, where it makes an autonomous decision based on the condition of the monitored structure.

An Operational European Global Ocean Observing System for the Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin: The Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Zodiatis ◽  
Robin Lardner ◽  
Georgios Georgiou ◽  
Encho Demirov ◽  
Giuseppe Manzella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Levantine Basin ◽  
Ocean Forecasting ◽  
Ocean Observing

The countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea have joined together in several multinational initiatives to conduct long-term, integrated, operational oceanographic observations and modelling of this important region. Some of these initiatives and the country members involved are discussed in this paper. Particular emphasis is given to long-term observing systems and modelling conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin and the region around the island of Cyprus. A complete operational oceanographic forecasting and observing system has been developed in Cyprus, and has been operational since early 2002. The system is called CYCOFOS—Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System—and is a component of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and its European (EuroGOOS) and Mediterranean (MedGOOS) modules. CYCOFOS is the result of several years of research activities all carried out within the framework of European Union-funded projects including: (1) Mediterranean forecasting system, both pilot project and towards environmental predictions (MFSPP and MFSTEP), (2) Mediterranean network to Access and upgrade Monitoring and forecasts Activities in the region (MAMA), (3) European Sea level Service Research Infrastructure (ESEAS-RI), (4) Mediterranean network of Global sea Level Observing System (MedGLOSS), and (5) Marine Environment and Security in the European Areas (MERSEA strand 1). CYCOFOS at present consists of several operational modules, including flow and offshore waves forecasts, satellite remote sensing, coastal monitoring stations and end user-derived applications. All these operational modules provide regular near-real-time information, both to local and sub-regional end users in the Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin. This paper discusses these as well as additional ocean observation stations and features soon to be added to CYCOFOS.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

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