Sustainable Ecological Aquaculture Systems: The Need for a New Social Contract for Aquaculture Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry A. Costa-Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Aquaculture Development

AbstractEcohistories of aquaculture suggest that aquaculture is a natural part of human development throughout history and that modern, industrial aquaculture could strengthen its social and ecological roots by articulating its evolution along a sustainability trajectory and by adopting fully the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ecosystems approach to aquaculture (EAA; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib121">Soto et al., 2008</xref>). The EAA creates a new code for global aquaculture development, combining into one common framework the two most important social‐ecological trajectories for global aquaculture—aquaculture for the world’s rich and aquaculture for the world’s poor. Knowledge of the rich archeology and anthropology of aquaculture connects this FAO code to antiquity, creating a single development pathway for aquaculture throughout human history. Without widespread adoption of an EAA, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib50">FAO (2009)</xref> projections of aquaculture development over the next 30 years may provide a far too optimistic scenario for its global growth. In this regard, aquaculture over the last 20 years has been criticized as lacking adequate attention and investment in developing grassroots, democratic, extension processes to engage a broader group of stakeholders to evolve the “blue revolution.” As an example, there has been a failure of fisheries and aquaculture to plan together to ensure sustainable supplies of seafood—the world’s most valuable proteins for human health—for seafood-eating peoples. Nonfed aquaculture (seaweeds, shellfish) has received worldwide attention for its rapid movement toward greater sustainability, which has led to more widespread social acceptance. For fed aquaculture, recent trends analyses have suggested that aquaculture is turning from the ocean to land-based agriculture to provide its protein feeds and oils. As such, more sophisticated, ecologically planned and designed “aquaculture ecosystems” will become more widespread because they better fit the social‐ecological context of both rich and poor countries. Ecological aquaculture provides the basis for developing a new social contract for aquaculture that is inclusive of all stakeholders and decision makers in fisheries, agriculture, and ecosystems conservation and restoration.

scholarly journals AS AÇÕES DE GOVERNO E A GOVERNANÇA FLORESTAL NO PARANÁ

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Renê Galiciolli ◽  
Anadalvo Juazeiro dos Santos ◽  
Vitor Afonso Hoeflich
Keyword(s):  
Forest Governance ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
United Nations Food

Governança florestal é tema de relevância entre as mais importantes organizações internacionais, como a Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO), a Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OECD) e o Banco Mundial que, de forma convergente, defendem a importância das florestas no equilíbrio físico, econômico e cultural e a necessidade de sua conservação e utilização sensata. Essas organizações desenvolvem e testam indicadores de governança florestal discutindo sobre governança das florestas e de desenvolvimento florestal. O presente artigo objetiva analisar a percepção dos atores sociais do setor florestal paranaense acerca da governança florestal, tomando-se como referência um “modelo” de análise adotado pela OECD (2005). Como instrumento metodológico, adaptou-se o modelo de questionário desenvolvido pela OECD, aplicado então aos atores sociais envolvidos na gestão florestal do Paraná, que foram indagados sobre governança florestal. O estudo teve como referencial teórico o quadro desenvolvido pela FAO (2011), em que se determinam três pilares de boa governança florestal: a política legal regulamentar, o planejamento e tomada de decisões e a implementação dos processos de políticas florestais.Palavras-chave: Governo do Paraná; governança florestal; FAO. AbstractThe government actions and forest governance in Paraná. Forest governance is a matter of relevance among the most important international organizations like the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank. Such organizations, in a convergent way, advocate the importance of forests in physical, economic and cultural balance as well as the need for their conservation and wise use. These organizations develop and test indicators of forest governance discussing forests governance and development. This article aims to analyze the perception of social actors in the forest sector in Paraná on forest governance, taking as reference a "model" analysis adopted by the OECD (2005). As a methodological tool, we adapted the questionnaire model developed by the OECD, then applied it to the social actors involved in forest management in Paraná, who were asked about forest governance. The study had as theoretical bases the framework developed by FAO (2011) which determines three pillars of good forest governance: legal policy regulations; planning and decision-making processes and implementation of forest policies.Keywords: Government of Paraná; forest; FAO.

scholarly journals Creating an enabling environment for accelerating condominium energy retrofitting: case studies in Grenoble (FR) and Brussels (BE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
S Monfils ◽  
A van Zeijl-Rozema
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Energy retrofitting in condominiums involves collective decision making, the complexity of which is believed to be one of the main barriers to retrofitting projects. A strong heterogeneity among the occupants in terms of age, education, income, or occupancy status, as well as varying interests and perceptions, can make it difficult to gather people around and agree on a common project. In this paper, we present the results of two in depth case studies about condominium renovation projects that took place in Grenoble (France) and Brussels (Belgium). Those in-depth case studies investigate the elements that are needed to create an enabling environment stimulating the acceleration of energy retrofitting of condominiums, and took place within the Interreg NWE “ACE Retrofitting” project. The enabling environment surrounding a successful retrofit is shown in these case studies to be more than just providing process facilitation or a financing scheme. It takes time to put an enabling environment in place. For different locations across Europe, different enabling environments are needed. Clearly, this requires giving more attention to condominiums at the local, regional, national and European levels. Among other crucial element to look for, social acceptance is at the heart of decision-making in retrofitting projects. This study concludes with propositions and policy recommendations, at the different levels of the social-ecological model.

scholarly journals Towards a Natural Social Contract

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-79
Author(s):  
Patrick Huntjens
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Innovation ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractIn this chapter I will explain why and how the sustainability transition is humankind’s search for a new social contract: a Natural Social Contract (conceptualization by author). I will start with a brief introduction on the origins of the social contract (Sect. 3.1), followed by a debate on the question whether there can be human progress without economic growth (Sect. 3.2) and a section on redesigning economics based on ecology, including circular and regenerative economies and cultures (Sect. 3.3). This chapter includes a debate on the role and scope of the free market (Sect. 3.4), as well as an examination of how the Anglo-Saxon and Rhineland models fare in this debate (Sect. 3.5). This chapter will also describe why we need a new social contract and what it should entail (Sect. 3.6). In doing so, I will embark on a quest for a Natural Social Contract (Sect. 3.7) and its theoretical foundations with multiple dimensions and crossovers (Sect. 3.8). This section concludes with an overview of fundamentals and design principles for a societal transformation towards a Natural Social Contract (see Table 3.4), which is a summary of Sect. 3.8 shaped as a course of action and is intended to help readers to grasp the core rationale of this book. For a better understanding of, and advancing the process towards, a Natural Social Contract this chapter presents a conceptual framework for Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (Sect. 3.9), and how this will play out at various governance levels (Sect. 3.10).

Efficiency and Resource Implications of Food Losses and Waste in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110204
Author(s):  
Emerta Aragie
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
United Nations Food

Reducing the huge level of food losses and waste is arguably one of the sustainable ways of closing the food requirement gap in developing countries. Examining selected sub-Saharan Africa countries and utilizing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ Food Balance Sheet data, this study suggests that these countries lose over 29% (58.8 million tons) of the primary equivalent component of food. Exploiting the rich data on water and land footprints of food commodities, this study also identified considerable losses in resources – 21% of total water use and 15% of cropland use – associated with the food supply chain losses, with noticeable implications for agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: A wake-up call at science-policy-society to work towards a livable future

MASKANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jan Feyen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
World Population ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition

The year 2021 is nearing its end when the online version of the journal MASKANA 12(2) is published. 2021, means that already one-fifth of the 21st century has passed. Since 2000 raised the world population from 6.1 to 7.9 billion, or 29.5%. Different models predict that the world population in 2030, the year that the world leaders in Glasgow (UK) during the GOP26 meeting agreed to limit global warming to 1.5°C, will increase to 8.5 billion. Wonder if the world possesses the capacity to secure food, given the continuing exponential growth of the population, and at the same time will be able to limit the warming up of the planet by 1.5°C? According to the yearly study of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) on the state of food security increased the number of people experiencing undernourishment since 2014, and today the world experiences an unprecedented setback in its hunger eradication effort. The major drivers behind the decline in food security and nutrition are according to FAO: conflict, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns. The impacts the people experience are exacerbated by the levels of inequality in terms of income, productive capacity, assets, technology, education and health. The COVID-19 pandemic has been an additional factor that put the world off track to ending world hunger, malnutrition, climate change, immigration, that the rich are getting richer, and the poor are becoming poorer, among other phenomena of inequality. Parallel to these evolutions, democracy worldwide is in decline. According to IDEA (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance), is the trend of democratic erosion ongoing since 2006 and is today worse than ever before.

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