Using Dynamic and Hybrid Bayesian Network for Policy Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Tabassom Sedighi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Support Decision Making

The Bayesian network (BN) method is one of the data-driven methods which have been successfully used to assist problem-solving in a wide range of disciplines including policy making, information technology, engineering, medicine, and more recently biology and ecology. BNs are particularly useful for diverse problems of varying size and complexity, where uncertainties are inherent in the system. BNs engage directly with subjective data in a transparent way and have become a state-of-the-art technology to support decision-making under uncertainty.

Trends and Perspectives of PRC's Energy Policy Making Institutions and Policies

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Chulwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Impact

The future direction of China's approach to energy policy making is, of course, difficult to predict. This is due not only to the opaque and fragmented nature of Chinese energy policy decision-making, but also to the fact that energy policy is a new topic for China's leaders and the individuals they rely on for advice to master that impinges on the interests of actors throughout the Chinese bureaucracy. The wide range of participants in the energy policy debate indicates that more diversified views on it probably reach the top leadership. The impact of the multiplicity of opinions is two-fold. It can result in more informed decision-making, but it can also delay the process as decision makers must assess a larger number of competing and sometimes contradictory views.

scholarly journals Politics, policy-making and the presence of images of suffering children

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-608
Author(s):  
Helen Berents
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Visual Politics ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Political Dimensions

Abstract In 2017 Trump expressed pity for the ‘beautiful babies’ killed in a gas attack on Khan Shaykhun in Syria before launching airstrikes against President Assad's regime. Images of suffering children in world politics are often used as a synecdoche for a broader conflict or disaster. Injured, suffering, or dead; the ways in which images of children circulate in global public discourse must be critically examined to uncover the assumptions that operate in these environments. This article explores reactions to images of children by representatives and leaders of states to trace the interconnected affective and political dimensions of these images. In contrast to attending to the expected empathetic responses prompted by images of children, this article particularly focuses on when such images prompt bellicose foreign policy decision-making. In doing this, the article forwards a way of thinking about images as contentious affective objects in international relations. The ways in which images of children's bodies and suffering are strategically deployed by politicians deserves closer scrutiny to uncover the visual politics of childhood inherent in these moments of international politics and policy-making.

scholarly journals Missing in Analysis: Women in Foreign Policy–Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Karen E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Decision Making

Abstract Foreign policy analysis (FPA) opens the “black box” of the state and provides explanations of how and why foreign policy decisions are made, which puts individuals and groups (from committees to ministries) at the center of analysis. Yet the sex of the decision-maker and the gendered nature of the decision-making process have generally been left out of the picture. FPA has not addressed questions regarding the influence of women in foreign policy decision-making processes or the effects of gender norms on decision-making; indeed, FPA appears to be almost entirely gender-free. This article argues that “gendering” FPA is long overdue and that incorporating gender into FPA frameworks can provide a richer and more nuanced picture of foreign policy–making.

Between the market and the state: the capacity of business associations for policy engagement in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kuteesa ◽  
Joseph Mawejje
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
The State ◽  
Professional Expertise ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Policy Engagement

AbstractThis study assesses the capabilities of business associations for conducting meaningful policy engagements with government. Using information from 21 associations and five state institutions, this work investigates the level of autonomy and ability of business associations to coordinate and order their interests for policy decision-making. Findings reveal that the ability to organise an association's own interests is hindered by weak systems and internal structures, especially at sub-sector level. Most associations are financially weak, have limited professional expertise and experience a low level of commitment from members, which affects their capacity for autonomy. It is important that business associations create regulations to make membership ties binding, so as to strengthen their influence on policy. Associations should also be more aggressive in mobilising finances, and they should identify synergies and develop partnerships with the state to build their capacity for participating in policy-making.

scholarly journals Challenges of Water Policy Involvement of the Community in the East Coast River Basin of Thailand

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3395
Author(s):  
Nittaya Ponok ◽  
Noppol Arunrat ◽  
Nathsuda Pumijumnong ◽  
Hironori Hamasaki ◽  
Sukanya Sereenonchai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Community Sector

Water policy-making requires the dedicated involvement of all stakeholders, but difficulties remain for the community sector. This study aims to examine the critical challenges of community involvement in water policy decision-making in Thailand. Both qualitative and quantitative methods used in this research project consisted of 39 interviews with informants from a variety of interested parties and 403 community members from around the East Coast River Basin in Thailand completing a survey questionnaire. The results have shown that although mechanisms to enable community involvement in decision-making, such as public consultation and water-related committees, exist, problems remain within the community sector. The critical challenges lie in the opportunities of being consulted and the sharing of power in water policy-making. Although the networks are important, at the same time, they are also obstructing the community sectors in linking their requirements to a final decision, as well as dealing with politics, policy-makers, and staff who organized the process. Therefore, the government should further develop water committee mechanisms by setting up a comprehensive yet practically easy consultation process so that new or inexperienced community members get an opportunity to practice and learn the vital elements necessary in water policy-making. Further research should be conducted in order to compare the opportunities in water decision-making between communities in rural and urban areas. Studies at the local government level should be carried out, with results used as a mechanism to enable community involvement at higher levels of water policy decision-making.

scholarly journals UPDATE HEALTH POLICY DECISION MAKING IN SAFE MOTHERHOOD REGIONAL ISSUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Sardjana Atmadja ◽  
Gulam Gumilar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Decision Making

More than a half million women die every year because of complications related to pregnancy and child birth. Nearly all these deaths take place in developing countries. The disparity between maternal death rates in developing and developed countries is greater than for any other common category of death. Poor maternal health during pregnancy is directly linked to poor health in the infant. Therefore, a mother’s health and survival continues to be critically important throughout a child’s life. Pregnant women and children suffer first and most under poor socioeconomic conditions. To reduce maternal and morbidity in half by the 2000, the safe motherhood initiative was launched. The success of safe motherhood initiative depends on the active participation of a wide range of individuals and organizations who can contribute ideas, skills, and funds, because the problem stems not only from inadequate health services, but mostly also from the social, cultural, and economic environment in which women live. Health policy decision making in safe mother-hood at least should be based on the assessment of Maternal Health situation and health services and the assessment of socio- cultural aspects of safe motherhood of each region.

scholarly journals Republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (209) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Analysis System

The NBRB has made substantial progress in improving its forecasting and policy analysis system (FPAS) and integrating it into monetary policy decision-making. The FPAS, and the model-based forecasts and policy analysis, is now well integrated into the policy-making process. Staff are well trained and have become experienced in using the tools developed for policy analysis and forecasting. The forecasting and decision-making process is well structured and has helped increase the two-way interaction between staff and the NBRB board—additional and less formal interaction between staff and board members in between the formal meetings may help enhance the process further.

The Role of Analogical Reasoning in Novel Foreign-Policy Situations

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Patrick Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hostage Crisis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Decision Making

A number of scholars have argued that historical analogizing plays an important role in foreign-policy decision making; the extent of that importance, however, remains largely a mystery to us. This article proposes that analogical reasoning is probably even more commonplace than previously thought, since it may play a crucial role even in ‘novel foreign policy situations’ (scenarios which appear largely unprecedented to the decision makers confronting them).One notable example of a novel foreign-policy situation is provided by the Iranian hostage crisis. Examining the Carter administration's decision-making processes during that crisis, the article concludes that even though many saw the hostage crisis as a unique occurrence, the participants drew upon a wide range of historical analogies in order to make sense of what was occuring and to propose suggested ‘solutions’ to the crisis.

Emotions and EU foreign policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-304
Author(s):  
Karen E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article assesses the role that emotions play in European Union foreign policy-making. EU decision-making has often been depicted as technocratic and ‘de-dramatized’, yet there are still situations in which emotions can affect the process and outcomes of foreign policy decision-making. Using examples of the EU's responses to crises in Ukraine and Myanmar, the article illustrates that emotions can motivate the taking of particular decisions at particular times. Further, the EU expresses emotions in its foreign policy communications, although its use of emotional diplomacy may not be accompanied by substantive action appropriate to the emotions expressed, thus revealing the existence of an emotions–action gap. The ‘emotional turn’ in foreign policy analysis can open up new directions for research in EU foreign policy, and the conclusion considers other promising avenues for researching emotions and EU foreign policy.

What prevents health policy being ‘evidence-based’? New ways to think about evidence, policy and interventions in health

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Lancaster ◽  
Tim Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Abstract Background Evidence-based policy decision-making is a dominant paradigm in health but realizing this ideal has proven challenging. Sources of data This paper conceptually maps health policy, policy studies and social science literature critically engaged with evidence and decision-making. No new data were generated or analysed in support of this review. Areas of agreement Barriers to evidence-based policy have been documented, with efforts made to increase the uptake of evidence. Areas of controversy Evident complexities have been regarded as a problem of translation. However, this assumes that policy-making is a process of authoritative choice, and that ‘evidence’ is inherently valuable policy knowledge, which has been critiqued. Growing points Alternative accounts urge consideration of how evidence comes to bear on decisions made within complex systems, and what counts as evidence. Areas timely for developing research An ‘evidence-making intervention’ approach offers a framework for conceptualizing how evidence and interventions are made relationally in practices, thus working with the politics and contingencies of implementation and policy-making.

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