Intrusion Detection Using Deep Belief Network and Extreme Learning Machine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahangir Alom ◽  
Venkata Ramesh Bontupalli ◽  
Tarek M. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Deep Belief Networks ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Testing Accuracy ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
The Impact

Security threats for computer networks have increased dramatically over the last decade, becoming bolder and more brazen. There is a strong need for effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) that are designed to interpret intrusion attempts in incoming network traffic intelligently. In this paper, the authors explored the capabilities of Deep Belief Networks (DBN) – one of the most influential deep learning approach – in performing intrusion detection after training with the NSL-KDD dataset. Additionally, they examined the impact of using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Regularized ELM on the same dataset to evaluate the performance against DBN and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approaches. The trained system identifies any type of unknown attack in the dataset examined. In addition to detecting attacks, the proposed system also classifies them into five groups. The implementation with DBN and SVM give a testing accuracy of about 97.5% and 88.33% respectively with 40% of training data selected from the NSL-KDD dataset. On the other hand, the experimental results show around 98.20% and 98.26% testing accuracy respectively for ELM and RELM after reducing the data dimensions from 41 to 9 essential features with 40% training data. ELM and RELM perform better in terms of testing accuracy upon comparison with DBN and SVM.

scholarly journals An Application and Performance Evaluation of Twin Extreme Learning Machine Classifier for Intrusion Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Twin Support Vector Machine ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Learning Machine

Network along with Security is most significant in the digitalized environment. It is necessary to secure data from hackers and intruders. A strategy involved in protection of information from hackers will be termed as Intrusion Detection System (IDS).By taking into nature of attack or the usual conduct of user, investigation along with forecasting activities of the clients will be performed by mentioned system.Variousstrategies are utilized for the intrusion detection system. For the purpose of identification of hacking activity, utilization of machine learning based approach might be considered as novel strategy.In this paper, for identification of the hacking activity will be carried out by Twin Extreme Learning Machines (TELM).Employing the concept of Twin Support Vector Machine with the fundamental structure of Extreme Learning Machine is considered in the establishment of Twin Extreme Learning Machine (TELM).Also, its performance and accuracy are compared with the other intrusion detection techniques

scholarly journals The Evolution of Vector Machine Support in the Field of Intrusion Detection Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouafae Elaeraj ◽  
Cherkaoui Leghris
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Detection Systems

With the increase in Internet and local area network usage, malicious attacks and intrusions into computer systems are growing. The design and implementation of intrusion detection systems became extremely important to help maintain good network security. Support vector machines (SVM), a classic pattern recognition tool, has been widely used in intrusion detection. They make it possible to process very large data with great efficiency and are easy to use, and exhibit good prediction behavior. This paper presents a new SVM model enriched with a Gaussian kernel function based on the features of the training data for intrusion detection. The new model is tested with the CICIDS2017 dataset. The test proves better results in terms of detection efficiency and false alarm rate, which can give better coverage and make the detection more effective.

scholarly journals Multi-layer intrusion detection system with ExtraTrees feature selection, extreme learning machine ensemble, and softmax aggregation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivitesh Sharma ◽  
Charul Giri ◽  
Ole-Christoffer Granmo ◽  
Morten Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Weighted Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Multi Class Classification

Abstract Recent advances in intrusion detection systems based on machine learning have indeed outperformed other techniques, but struggle with detecting multiple classes of attacks with high accuracy. We propose a method that works in three stages. First, the ExtraTrees classifier is used to select relevant features for each type of attack individually for each (ELM). Then, an ensemble of ELMs is used to detect each type of attack separately. Finally, the results of all ELMs are combined using a softmax layer to refine the results and increase the accuracy further. The intuition behind our system is that multi-class classification is quite difficult compared to binary classification. So, we divide the multi-class problem into multiple binary classifications. We test our method on the UNSW and KDDcup99 datasets. The results clearly show that our proposed method is able to outperform all the other methods, with a high margin. Our system is able to achieve 98.24% and 99.76% accuracy for multi-class classification on the UNSW and KDDcup99 datasets, respectively. Additionally, we use the weighted extreme learning machine to alleviate the problem of imbalance in classification of attacks, which further boosts performance. Lastly, we implement the ensemble of ELMs in parallel using GPUs to perform intrusion detection in real time.

scholarly journals Sample Selected Extreme Learning Machine Based Intrusion Detection in Fog Computing and MEC

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingshuo An ◽  
Xianwei Zhou ◽  
Xing Lü ◽  
Fuhong Lin ◽  
Lei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Learning Machine

Fog computing, as a new paradigm, has many characteristics that are different from cloud computing. Due to the resources being limited, fog nodes/MEC hosts are vulnerable to cyberattacks. Lightweight intrusion detection system (IDS) is a key technique to solve the problem. Because extreme learning machine (ELM) has the characteristics of fast training speed and good generalization ability, we present a new lightweight IDS called sample selected extreme learning machine (SS-ELM). The reason why we propose “sample selected extreme learning machine” is that fog nodes/MEC hosts do not have the ability to store extremely large amounts of training data sets. Accordingly, they are stored, computed, and sampled by the cloud servers. Then, the selected sample is given to the fog nodes/MEC hosts for training. This design can bring down the training time and increase the detection accuracy. Experimental simulation verifies that SS-ELM performs well in intrusion detection in terms of accuracy, training time, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) value.

scholarly journals Feature Selection Method based on Chaotic Salp Swarm Algorithm and Extreme Learning Machine for Network Intrusion Detection Systems

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽  
pp. 626-640
Author(s):  
Rana Nazhan Hadi ◽  
Dr. Rasha Orban Mahmoud ◽  
Dr. Adly S. Tag Eldien
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Network Intrusion Detection ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Network Intrusion ◽  
Network Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Learning Machine

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have been widely used to monitor and manage network connections and prevent unauthorized connections. Machine learning models have been utilized to classify the connections into normal connections or attack connections based on the users' behavior. One of the most common issues facing the IDSs is the detection system's low classification accuracy and high dimensionality in the feature selection process. However, the feature selection methods are usually used to decrease the datasets' redundancy and enhance the classification performance. In this paper, a Chaotic Salp Swarm Algorithm (CSSA) was integrated with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier to select the most relevant subset of features and decrease the dimensionality of a dataset. Each Salp in the population was represented in a binary form, where 1 represented a selected feature, while 0 represented a removed feature. The proposed feature selection algorithm was evaluated based on NSL-KDD dataset, which consists of 41 features. The results were compared with others and have shown that the proposed algorithm succeeded in achieving classification accuracy up to 97.814% and minimized the number of selected features.

SVM–ELM: Pruning of Extreme Learning Machine with Support Vector Machines for Regression

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif F. Mahmood ◽  
Mohammad H. Marhaban ◽  
Fakhrul Z. Rokhani ◽  
Khairulmizam Samsudin ◽  
Olasimbo Ayodeji Arigbabu
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Clustering And Classification ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Hidden Nodes ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractExtreme Learning Machine provides very competitive performance to other related classical predictive models for solving problems such as regression, clustering, and classification. An ELM possesses the advantage of faster computational time in both training and testing. However, one of the main challenges of an ELM is the selection of the optimal number of hidden nodes. This paper presents a new approach to node selection of an ELM based on a 1-norm support vector machine (SVM). In this method, the targets of SVM yi ∈{+1, –1} are derived using the mean or median of ELM training errors as a threshold for separating the training data, which are projected to SVM dimensions. We present an integrated architecture that exploits the sparseness in solution of SVM to prune out the inactive hidden nodes in ELM. Several experiments are conducted on real-world benchmark datasets, and the results attained attest to the efficiency of the proposed method.

DIESEL ENGINE MODELLING USING EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE UNDER SCARCE AND EXPONENTIAL DATA SETS

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAK KIN WONG ◽  
CHI MAN VONG ◽  
CHUN SHUN CHEUNG ◽  
KA IN WONG
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Logarithmic Transformation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Learning Machine

To predict the performance of a diesel engine, current practice relies on the use of black-box identification where numerous experiments must be carried out in order to obtain numerical values for model training. Although many diesel engine models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have already been developed, they have many drawbacks such as local minima, user burden on selection of optimal network structure, large training data size and poor generalization performance, making themselves difficult to be put into practice. This paper proposes to use extreme learning machine (ELM), which can overcome most of the aforementioned drawbacks, to model the emission characteristics and the brake-specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine under scarce and exponential sample data sets. The resulting ELM model is compared with those developed using popular ANNs such as radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and advanced techniques such as support vector machine (SVM) and its variants, namely least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM). Furthermore, some emission outputs of diesel engines suffer from the problem of exponentiality (i.e., the output y grows up exponentially along input x) that will deteriorate the prediction accuracy. A logarithmic transformation is therefore applied to preprocess and post-process the sample data sets in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the model. Evaluation results show that ELM with the logarithmic transformation is better than SVM, LS-SVM, RVM and RBFNN with/without the logarithmic transformation, regardless the model accuracy and training time.

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