Comparing the Characteristics of Text-Speak Used by English and Japanese Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Underwood ◽  
Taiichiro Okubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Technological Constraints ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Text messaging is pervasive among the youth of many cultures, but the extent and nature of text-speak, the modified host language, is open to question. This study of English and Japanese undergraduates specifically investigated whether text-speak is a product of the technological constraints on the host language or is influenced by gender differences in communication style. The study had a between-subjects factorial design with two independent variables: language (English, Japanese) and gender (male, female). The dependent variable was frequency and type of text modification. The results show both a qualitative and quantitative difference in texting between the two groups with English texters being more active. However, English and Japanese females made more adaptations to the host-language than their within-culture male peers, even though the structure of the two host languages was very different. The greater use of abbreviations by females compared to males might be explained either by a higher engagement with this mode of communication or diverging goals between the sexes when texting.

Comparing the Characteristics of Text-Speak Used by English and Japanese Students

2013 ◽  
pp. 258-271
Author(s):  
Jean Underwood ◽  
Taiichiro Okubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Technological Constraints ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Text messaging is pervasive among the youth of many cultures, but the extent and nature of text-speak, the modified host language, is open to question. This study of English and Japanese undergraduates specifically investigated whether text-speak is a product of the technological constraints on the host language or is influenced by gender differences in communication style. The study had a between-subjects factorial design with two independent variables: language (English, Japanese) and gender (male, female). The dependent variable was frequency and type of text modification. The results show both a qualitative and quantitative difference in texting between the two groups with English texters being more active. However, English and Japanese females made more adaptations to the host-language than their within-culture male peers, even though the structure of the two host languages was very different. The greater use of abbreviations by females compared to males might be explained either by a higher engagement with this mode of communication or diverging goals between the sexes when texting.

scholarly journals Some New Volterra-Fredholm-Type Discrete Inequalities and Their Applications in the Theory of Difference Equations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zheng ◽  
Qinghua Feng
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equations ◽  
Fredholm Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Discrete Inequalities ◽  
Quantitative Properties ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Some new Volterra-Fredholm-type discrete inequalities in two independent variables are established, which provide a handy tool in the study of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of certain difference equations. The established results extend some known results in the literature.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Evaluating the Pedagogical Usability of E-Learning Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189
Author(s):  
Liubomir Djalev ◽  
Stanislav Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Instructional Designers ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
E Learning ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of the study is to examine the pedagogical usability of interactive e-learning materials for foreign language practice. It is based upon two studies of the expected between-group and within-group differences among participants in the educational process. The sample consists of two groups – lecturers and students, a total of 100 participants, each evaluating four materials specifically prepared for this study. Two consecutive repeated measures ANOVA were conducted in which the gender/age, the position of the participants in the educational process, and usability dimensions were the independent variables. Results indicated that all independent variables and their interactions have a significant effects on the evaluations of the pedagogical usability. Women tend to assign higher values than men. Аge groups generally differ in their evaluations, although there is a tendency to give similar ratings for the individual dimensions of pedagogical usability. The 31-40 years age group evaluates the materials higher while the lowest evaluations are given by the groups of 21-30 and 50+ year old participants. Students tend to rate the pedagogical usability systemically higher than the lecturers. Usability dimensions also have a significant effect on evaluations. The most prominent feature of the materials, by a great margin, is their Applicability. The findings corroborate previous research which show age and gender differences in web usability do exist. We conclude that these differences exist as much in pedagogical usability as in technical usability. Further investigations are suggested to explore more deeply the differences in the perceived pedagogical value of e-learning materials as this has implications for instructional designers, teachers and learners alike.

Differences in Reading Motivation Between American and Japanese Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1086296X2110304
Author(s):  
Hitomi Kambara ◽  
Yu-Cheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Reading Motivation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
American Students ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
And Gender

This cross-cultural study investigated country and gender differences among American (U.S.A.) and Japanese students’ reading motivation. Fourth-grade students (94 from the United States and 102 from Japan) were administered a reading motivation questionnaire. Study results indicated American students had higher reading motivation than Japanese students on most dimensions, including Self-Efficacy, Challenges, Curiosity, Importance, Involvement, Recognition, Grades, Competition, and Social. We found that culture may impact students’ reading motivation and discuss how individualistic and collectivistic cultures influence students’ reading motivation. Contrasting with the existing research, this study did not show any significant gender differences in reading motivation across the two countries. The null effect of gender needs to be re-examined in future studies.

scholarly journals The environmental awareness of secondary school students in Hanoi

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Binh Nga Giap
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
School Students ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
And Gender

This article reports on a study of secondary school students in Hanoi. The author surveyed approximately 500 students from a sample of 10 secondary schools to assess levels of environmental awareness including environmental knowing, concerning and applying. Independent variables included region of school, and the gender of students. Although there are no region and gender differences in environmental awareness, the mediating relationships are found. Báo cáo đề cập kết quả nghiên cứu nhận thức của học sinh trung học cơ sở về khía cạnh môi trường trong các nhà trường tại Hà Nội. Tác giả đã tiến hành khảo sát 500 em học sinh từ 10 trường trung học cơ sở để đánh giá mức độ nhận thức về môi trường bao gồm các biến số: hiểu biết, vấn đề liên quan và áp dụng. Các biến số độc lập bao gồm khu vực và giới tính. Mặc dù không có sự khác biệt về khu vực và giới tính trong nhận thức về môi trường, mối quan hệ điều hòa giữa các biến số được phát hiện.

scholarly journals Effect of Parental Deprivation on Self Confidence of Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Tomer ◽  
Dr. Alpna Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Two Independent Variables

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of parental deprivation on self-confidence of adolescents. In the present study 4×2 factorial design was used. There were two independent variables, the first independent variable was parental deprivation, and distinguished at four levels that is mother deprivation, father deprivation, both deprivation and no deprivation. The second independent variable was gender distinguished at two levels that is male and female. 160 subjects (9th and 10th class) were selected for the study. Out of which 40 subjects have mother deprivation, 40 have father deprivation, 40 have both deprivation and 40 have no deprivation. In each group there were equal no of male and female. Data was collected with the help of “Agnihotri self-confidence Inventory”. Obtained data were analyzed by mean, ANOVA and newman-Keuls comparison test, result reveal that parental deprivation and gender significantly affect the self-confidence of adolescents.

The Vitality of Price Comparison and Product Display for Assortment Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Pranay Verma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Price Comparison ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
Online Shoppers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Two Independent Variables

The objective of this study is to examine factors that influence Indian consumer's assortment satisfaction towards the online purchase of footwear. A questionnaire was used to collect data using stratified sampling from different online shoppers. Structural equation modeling showed a significant impact of product display and price comparison on assortment satisfaction. Arguably, this is the first article which shows a linkage between product display and price comparison on assortment satisfaction for online footwear purchases. Further, a moderation of income and gender upon the two independent variables was studied using hierarchical regression method. Gender along with gender and income interaction with price comparison moderates assortment satisfaction.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Using Apology Strategies in Jordanian Spoken Arabic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rawan E. Al-Sallal ◽  
Madani O. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spoken Arabic

This study investigated apology strategies used in Jordanian spoken Arabic. The main purpose was to find whether gender plays a role in selecting apology strategies related to different situations. A modified version of Harb’s discourse questionnaire was employed for collecting the data. The participants included 20 males and 20 females. The data were codified and classified using Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP), by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984). Both qualitative and quantitative approach was used in analysing the collected data. The findings of the study demonstrate that there are more similarities than differences between females and males in the use of apology strategies. In addition, it was found that both groups tend to use multiple apology strategies in the same utterance; however, their strategies vary in frequency. The results demonstrated that there is no substantial quantitative difference in the use of apology strategies between Jordanian males and females. Further research employing a multi-factor framework (age, gender, education) of addressees is needed.

scholarly journals Topic: Social Support and Gender Differences as Correlates of Self-Esteem: Implications for Improving Health among Patients Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Dennis Uba Donald ◽  
Owoseni Sulaiman Kayode ◽  
Job D. E.
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study examined social support and gender differences as correlates of self-esteem: Implications for improving health among patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ondo State, Nigeria. Using accidental sampling technique, one hundred and ninety-eight patients were tested. The dimensions of social support were measured using scale of Perceived Social Support Assessment and self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. In order to determine the extent and direction of associations among the study variables, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) analysis was conducted. Multiple Regression analysis was then used to test hypothesis 1, 2, and 3. The study revealed that social support had a significant positive relationship with self-esteem The result indicated that gender significantly predicted influence on self-esteem [β = .23; t = .27; p > 0.05]. The result also revealed that social support significantly predicted self-esteem [β = .31; t = .27; p > 0.05]. On the contribution of all the independent variables (gender differences and social support) to the prediction of self-esteem, the outcome of the summary in Table 4.2 signify that all the independent variables when pulled together yield a multiple R of .21 and R2 of .045 [ F (2, 198) = 18.19*, p < 0.01]. Based on the result of the study, it was recommended that government organizations, non-governmental organization, religious organization and communities should all take part in giving the PLWH a holistic support and encouragement needed pending the time they spend in recovery until they begin full adult functional life.

Profiling Year Level and Gender Differences in Adolescent Communication Styles

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe communication style of adolescents was assessed using the factors of the Focus of Communication Questionnaire (FOCQ), gender and year level. The FOCQ has six factors that individuals focus on during conflict including success, task, other-person, concession, withdrawing, and confusing. Data from the 460 adolescent participants showed that there were interaction effects involving success and other-person focused communication. Younger students were lower on concession, task, and confusion focused communication. Females were more withdrawing, concession and less confusion focused than males. The magnitude of the effect sizes resulting from the gender and year level analyses was small. Profile analysis of the six communication factors resulted in two clusters similar to those from previous research. The third cluster comprised a group of students low in all six communication factors. The discussion addresses the relevance of the findings and profile analysis in school settings.

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