scholarly journals Sulfate Reduction for Bioremediation of AMD Facilitated by an Indigenous Acidand Metal-Tolerant Sulfate-Reducer

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012
Author(s):  
Hai Thi Nguyen ◽  
Huong Lan Nguyen ◽  
Minh Hong Nguyen ◽  
Thao Kim Nu Nguyen ◽  
Hang Thuy Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Sulfate Reducer

scholarly journals Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Thorup ◽  
Andreas Schramm ◽  
Alyssa J. Findlay ◽  
Kai W. Finster ◽  
Lars Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Sulfate Reducer ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Pure Cultures

ABSTRACT This study demonstrates that the deltaproteobacterium Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus can grow chemolithotrophically by coupling sulfide oxidation to the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to ammonium. Key genes of known sulfide oxidation pathways are absent from the genome of D. alkaliphilus. Instead, the genome contains all of the genes necessary for sulfate reduction, including a gene for a reductive-type dissimilatory bisulfite reductase (DSR). Despite this, growth by sulfate reduction was not observed. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a very high expression level of sulfate-reduction genes during growth by sulfide oxidation, while inhibition experiments with molybdate pointed to elemental sulfur/polysulfides as intermediates. Consequently, we propose that D. alkaliphilus initially oxidizes sulfide to elemental sulfur, which is then either disproportionated, or oxidized by a reversal of the sulfate reduction pathway. This is the first study providing evidence that a reductive-type DSR is involved in a sulfide oxidation pathway. Transcriptome sequencing further suggests that nitrate reduction to ammonium is performed by a novel type of periplasmic nitrate reductase and an unusual membrane-anchored nitrite reductase. IMPORTANCE Sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction, the two major branches of the sulfur cycle, are usually ascribed to distinct sets of microbes with distinct diagnostic genes. Here we show a more complex picture, as D. alkaliphilus, with the genomic setup of a sulfate reducer, grows by sulfide oxidation. The high expression of genes typically involved in the sulfate reduction pathway suggests that these genes, including the reductive-type dissimilatory bisulfite reductases, are also involved in as-yet-unresolved sulfide oxidation pathways. Finally, D. alkaliphilus is closely related to cable bacteria, which grow by electrogenic sulfide oxidation. Since there are no pure cultures of cable bacteria, D. alkaliphilus may represent an exciting model organism in which to study the physiology of this process. IMPORTANCE Sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction, the two major branches of the sulfur cycle, are usually ascribed to distinct sets of microbes with distinct diagnostic genes. Here we show a more complex picture, as D. alkaliphilus, with the genomic setup of a sulfate reducer, grows by sulfide oxidation. The high expression of genes typically involved in the sulfate reduction pathway suggests that these genes, including the reductive-type dissimilatory bisulfite reductases, are also involved in as-yet-unresolved sulfide oxidation pathways. Finally, D. alkaliphilus is closely related to cable bacteria, which grow by electrogenic sulfide oxidation. Since there are no pure cultures of cable bacteria, D. alkaliphilus may represent an exciting model organism in which to study the physiology of this process.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Desulfofundulus thermobenzoicus subsp. thermosyntrophicus DSM 14055, a Moderately Thermophilic Sulfate Reducer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Bertran ◽  
Lewis M. Ward ◽  
David T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Sulfate Reducer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Microbial Sulfate Reduction

Here, we describe the genome of Desulfofundulus thermobenzoicus subsp. thermosyntrophicus DSM 14055, a member of the Clostridiales that is capable of sulfate reduction coupled to the oxidation of propionate, lactate, pyruvate, and H2/CO2. This genome expands our understanding of microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) in anaerobic methanogenic environments.

scholarly journals Effects of Sulfate Reduction on Trichloroethene Dechlorination by Dehalococcoides-Containing Microbial Communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Mao ◽  
Alexandra Polasko ◽  
Lisa Alvarez-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Sulfate Reducer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dehalococcoides Mccartyi ◽  
Sulfide Inhibition ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Sulfate

ABSTRACT In order to elucidate interactions between sulfate reduction and dechlorination, we systematically evaluated the effects of different concentrations of sulfate and sulfide on reductive dechlorination by isolates, constructed consortia, and enrichments containing Dehalococcoides sp. Sulfate (up to 5 mM) did not inhibit the growth or metabolism of pure cultures of the dechlorinator Dehalococcoides mccartyi 195, the sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, or the syntroph Syntrophomonas wolfei. In contrast, sulfide at 5 mM exhibited inhibitory effects on growth of the sulfate reducer and the syntroph, as well as on both dechlorination and growth rates of D. mccartyi. Transcriptomic analysis of D. mccartyi 195 revealed that genes encoding ATP synthase, biosynthesis, and Hym hydrogenase were downregulated during sulfide inhibition, whereas genes encoding metal-containing enzymes involved in energy metabolism were upregulated even though the activity of those enzymes (hydrogenases) was inhibited. When the electron acceptor (trichloroethene) was limiting and an electron donor (lactate) was provided in excess to cocultures and enrichments, high sulfate concentrations (5 mM) inhibited reductive dechlorination due to the toxicity of generated sulfide. The initial cell ratio of sulfate reducers to D. mccartyi (1:3, 1:1, or 3:1) did not affect the dechlorination performance in the presence of sulfate (2 and 5 mM). In contrast, under electron donor limitation, dechlorination was not affected by sulfate amendments due to low sulfide production, demonstrating that D. mccartyi can function effectively in anaerobic microbial communities containing moderate sulfate concentrations (5 mM), likely due to its ability to outcompete other hydrogen-consuming bacteria and archaea. IMPORTANCE Sulfate is common in subsurface environments and has been reported as a cocontaminant with chlorinated solvents at various concentrations. Inconsistent results for the effects of sulfate inhibition on the performance of dechlorination enrichment cultures have been reported in the literature. These inconsistent findings make it difficult to understand potential mechanisms of sulfate inhibition and complicate the interpretation of bioremediation field data. In order to elucidate interactions between sulfate reduction and reductive dechlorination, this study systematically evaluated the effects of different concentrations of sulfate and sulfide on reductive dechlorination by isolates, constructed consortia, and enrichments containing Dehalococcoides sp. This study provides a more fundamental understanding of the competition mechanisms between reductive dechlorination by Dehalococcoides mccartyi and sulfate reduction during the bioremediation process. It also provides insights on the significance of sulfate concentrations on reductive dechlorination under electron donor/acceptor-limiting conditions during in situ bioremediation applications. For example, at a trichloroethene-contaminated site with a high sulfate concentration, proper slow-releasing electron donors can be selected to generate an electron donor-limiting environment that favors reductive dechlorination and minimizes the sulfide inhibition effect.

scholarly journals Tetrachloroethene Dehalorespiration and Growth of Desulfitobacterium frappieri TCE1 in Strict Dependence on the Activity of Desulfovibrio fructosivorans

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Drzyzga ◽  
Jan C. Gottschal
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Sulfate Reducer ◽  
Interspecies Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Tetrachloroethene (PCE) dehalorespiration was investigated in a continuous coculture of the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio fructosivorans and the dehalorespiring Desulfitobacterium frappieri TCE1 at different sulfate concentrations and in the absence of sulfate. Fructose (2.5 mM) was the single electron donor, which could be used only by the sulfate reducer. With 2.5 mM sulfate, the dehalogenating strain was outnumbered by the sulfate-reducing bacterium, sulfate reduction was the dominating process, and only trace amounts of PCE were dehalogenated by strain TCE1. With 1 mM sulfate in the medium, complete sulfate reduction and complete PCE dehalogenation to cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) occurred. In the absence of sulfate, PCE was also completely dehalogenated to cis-DCE, and the population size of strain TCE1 increased significantly. The results presented here describe for the first time dehalogenation of PCE by a dehalorespiring anaerobe in strict dependence on the activity of a sulfate-reducing bacterium with a substrate that is exclusively used by the sulfate reducer. This interaction was studied under strictly controlled and quantifiable conditions in continuous culture and shown to depend on interspecies hydrogen transfer under sulfate-depleted conditions. Interspecies hydrogen transfer was demonstrated by direct H2 measurements of the gas phase and by the production of methane after the addition of a third organism, Methanobacterium formicicum.

Sulfate reduction, acetate turnover and carbon metabolism in sediments of the Ao Nam Bor mangrove, Phuket, Thailand

1994 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kristensen ◽  
GM King ◽  
M Holmer ◽  
GT Banta ◽  
MH Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Carbon Metabolism

The Kinetics of Glucose Decomposition with Sulfate Reduction in the Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsui ◽  
R. Ikemoto Yamamoto ◽  
Y. Tsuchiya ◽  
B. Inanc
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
First Order Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Glucose Decomposition ◽  
Reaction Equations ◽  
Kinetics Of

Using a fluidized bed reactor, experiments on glucose decomposition with and without sulfate reduction were conducted. Glucose in the reactor was mainly decomposed into lactate and ethanol. Lactate was mainly decomposed into propionate and acetate, while ethanol was decomposed into propionate, acetate, and hydrogen. Sulfate reduction was not involved in the decomposition of glucose, lactate, and ethanol, but was related to propionate and acetate decomposition. The stepwise reactions were modeled using either a Monod expression or first order reaction kinetics in respect to the reactions. The coefficients of the kinetic equations were determined experimentally. The modified Monod and first order reaction equations were effective at predicting concentrations of glucose, lactate, ethanol, propionate, acetate, and sulfate along the beight of the reactor. With sulfate reduction, propionate was decomposed into acetate, while without sulfate reduction, accumulation of propionate was observed in the reactor. Sulfate reduction accelerated propionate conversion into acetate by decreasing the hydrogen concentration.

Effect of sulfate on anaerobic processes fed with dual substrates

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongchin Polprasert ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Optimal Feed

Anaerobic reactors were operated in a semi-batch mode and fed with the dual substrates glucose (G) plus acetic acid (Ac) as primary organic sources to study the effect of sulfate on COD oxidation. With glucose, COD removal by methane formation was seriously inhibited, resulting in COD accumulation in the reactor. Although acetic acid can be consumed by some sulfate-reducing species, it was not a major substrate for sulfate reduction, but was largely responsible for methane formation in the anaerobic mixed culture used in this study. With dual substrates, extreme inhibition of methanogenesis did not occur as did with glucose alone. Instead, methanogens were found to work in harmony with acid formers as well as sulfate reducers to oxidise COD. Interestingly, from 12-hour monitoring, increased G/Ac COD ratios decreased COD removal rates as well as biogas production, but resulted in higher sulfate reduction. This suggests that there should be an optimal feed G/Ac COD ratio, for which removal of both organics could be maximised.

Biological sulfate removal in an acidogenic bioreactor with an ultrafiltration membrane system

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mizuno ◽  
H. Takagi ◽  
T. Noike
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Chemostat Reactor

The biological sulfate removal in the acidogenic bioreactor with an ultrafiltration membrane system was investigated at 35°C. Sucrose was used as the sole organic substrate. The sulfate concentration in the substrate ranged from 0 to 600mgS·1−1. The chemostat reactor was operated to compare with the membrane bioreactor. The fouling phenomenon caused by FeS precipitate was observed at higher concentration of sulfate. However, it was possible to continuously operate the membrane bioreactor by cleaning the membrane. The efficiency of sulfate removal by sulfate reduction reached about 100% in the membrane bioreactor, and 55 to 87% of sulfide was removed from the permeate by the membrane filtration. The composition of the metabolite was remarkably changed by the change in sulfate concentration. When the sulfate concentration increased, acetate and 2-proponol significantly increased while n-butyrate and 3-pentanol decreased. The sulfate-reducing bacteria play the role as acetogenic bacteria consuming volatile fatty acids and alcohols as electron donors under sulfate-rich conditions. The results show that the acidogenesis and sulfate reduction simultaneously proceed in the membrane bioreactor.

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