Enhanced Production of Fatty Acids via Redirection of Carbon Flux in Marine Microalga Tetraselmis sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Ae Han ◽  
Seong-Joo Hong ◽  
Z-Hun Kim ◽  
Byung-Kwan Cho ◽  
Hookeun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Marine Microalga ◽  
Enhanced Production

scholarly journals Effect of fosfomycin,Cynara scolymusextract, deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Martínez ◽  
Susana N. Diéguez ◽  
María B. Fernández Paggi ◽  
María B. Riccio ◽  
Denisa S. Pérez Gaudio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Enhanced Production

AbstractIntestinal health of weaning piglets was studied after oral treatments with fosfomycin (FOS),Cynara scolymusextract (CSE), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their combinations. Piglets were divided in groups and received different treatments during 15 days, namely DON (1mg/kg of feed), FOS administered into the drinking water (30 mg/kg b.w.), CSE (300 g/ton of feed) and all possible combinations including a control group that received clean balanced diet. At day 15, three piglets from each group were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate pH, bacteriology (enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria), volatile fatty acids concentration (VFAs), disaccharidases activity (lactase, sucrase and maltase), histology (intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and adherence of bacteria to intestinal mucus. Animals receiving FOS and CSE treatments exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared to animals receiving diets free from these compounds. This was revealed by a lower enterobacteria population together with a lower E/L, an enhanced production of butyric acid, an increased enzymatic activity (particularly maltase), and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal mucus. Interactions between both treatments resulted in similar beneficial effects as their individual administration. On the contrary, DON produced detrimental effects on intestinal health as a decrease was observed on volatile fatty acids production, enzymatic activity and goblet cells count in animals receiving diets containing sub- toxic concentrations of this mycotoxin. The knowledge of the intestinal effects of these compounds contributes to understand the physiological and pathological gut changes and their potential productive consequences.

Abstract 458: Obesity-related Alterations in Cardiac Lipid Profile During the Transition to Diastolic Dysfunction

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent G DeMarco ◽  
David A Ford ◽  
Erik Henriksen ◽  
Annayya Aroor ◽  
Javad Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Myocardial accumulation of fatty acids and lipid intermediates may contribute to cardiac dysfunction, but the interrelationship between different lipid species to diastolic dysfunction is not clearly understood. Herein, we examined changes in levels and composition of different lipid species during the progression to diastolic dysfunction in a clinically relevant model of obese insulin-resistant db/db mice at 12 and 15 wks of age. Obese db/db mice manifested loss of circadian BP dipping and diastolic dysfunction at 15 wks. Myocardial lipidomic analysis demonstrated elevated ceramides and fatty acids in db/db at 12 wks, but their levels were decreased at 15 wk and this was accompanied by increased fatty acid oxidation and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Triacylglyceride and diacylglyceride levels remained elevated at both 12 and 15 wk, but their composition changed to consist of more saturated and less unsaturated fatty acyl at 15 wks of age compared to 12 wk. Dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism persisted at 15 wk in db/db. Changes in triacylglyceride and diacylglyceride composition, phospholipid metabolism, β-oxidation, and oxidative stress that are temporally related to non-dipping of BP and diastolic dysfunction suggest a switch in metabolism of lipid intermediates contributes to the development of diastolic dysfunction in over-nutrition.

Enhanced production of volatile fatty acids by adding a kind of sulfate reducing bacteria under alkaline pH

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 111249
Author(s):  
Guangzhi Wang ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Likun Huang ◽  
Yanmei Song ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

scholarly journals Study on total lipit and free fatty acids extraction from heterotrophic marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Minh Hien ◽  
Luu Thi Tam ◽  
Le Thi Thom ◽  
Nguyen Cam Ha ◽  
Luong Hong Hanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Microalga

scholarly journals CoA regulation and metabolic control

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Suzanne Jackowski ◽  
Charles O. Rock
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Multiple Reactions ◽  
Allosteric Regulator ◽  
Specialized Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Activities

All organisms require coenzyme A (CoA) for intermediary metabolism. CoA ushers organic acid substrates, particularly fatty acids, through multiple reactions that supply energy, building blocks for membrane structure, protein modifications that alter subcellular interactions or activities and secondary metabolite production. Acetyl-CoA is an allosteric regulator of key metabolic activities that direct carbon flux. CoA synthesis from pantothenate is dynamic and responsive to nutritional and environmental conditions, with the goal of cell homoeostasis during proliferation and in support of specialized tissue functions. Pantothenate is the unique precursor of CoA, and the pantothenate kinase (PanK) family of enzymes exerts control over the amount of CoA produced. The PanKs are regulated co-ordinately by several mechanisms, and the complexity of CoA regulation is currently unfolding. Little is known about the mechanisms of CoA degradation that work together with biosynthesis to maintain a threshold level of cellular CoA.

scholarly journals Enhanced production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzyme engineering of tandem acyl carrier proteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Hayashi ◽  
Yasuharu Satoh ◽  
Tetsuro Ujihara ◽  
Yusuke Takata ◽  
Tohru Dairi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Acyl Carrier Proteins ◽  
Enhanced Production

scholarly journals Diurnal variations in the effects of an unsaturated-fat-containing diet on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in rat hepatocytes

1986 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
G F Gibbons ◽  
C R Pullinger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Fat Feeding ◽  
Stimulation Of

Rats were fed ad libitum on either a standard high-carbohydrate diet, or a standard diet supplemented with 15% corn oil. Hepatocytes were prepared either during the light phase (L2-hepatocytes) or during the dark phase (D6-hepatocytes) of the diurnal cycle. In hepatocytes from rats fed on the fat-containing diet, fatty acid synthesis (lipogenesis) was suppressed to a much greater extent at D6 than at L2. The magnitude of the increase in plasma-free fatty acid concentration was similar at the two times of day. The rate of cholesterol synthesis was also significantly suppressed in the D6- but not in the L2-hepatocytes. This differential inhibition resulted in the abolition of the normal diurnal rhythm of cholesterogenesis. The initial activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in hepatocytes was also suppressed by corn-oil feeding at D6 but not at L2. In D6-hepatocytes, the inhibitory effect of the high-fat diet on the conversion of lactate into cholesterol and fatty acids was greater than that on total carbon flux into these substances for all endogenous sources. Despite this, under these conditions a high concentration of lactate and pyruvate resulted in a several-fold stimulation of total carbon flux into fatty acids. In hepatocytes prepared at L2, fat-feeding had little effect on the degree of stimulation of lipogenesis by insulin or inhibition by glucagon. However, at D6, fat-feeding blunted the response of lipogenesis to both these hormones.

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