Assessment of Fitness Effects Associated with Phosphine Resistance inRhyzopertha dominica(F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) andTribolium castaneum(Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Bajracharya ◽  
G.P. Opit ◽  
J. Talley ◽  
S.G. Gautam ◽  
M.E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

scholarly journals Evaluation of Knockdown Bioassay Methods to Assess Phosphine Resistance in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Cato ◽  
Edwin Afful ◽  
Manoj K. Nayak ◽  
Thomas W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Gas Tight ◽  
Weak Resistance ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Resistance to the fumigant phosphine in Tribolium castaneum occurs worldwide. This study evaluated tests based on adult knockdown time, the time for a beetle to become immobile, when exposed to a high concentration of phosphine. We recorded knockdown times of beetles that remained completely still for 30 s when exposed to 3000 ppm of phosphine in a large, gas-tight glass tube. Beetles were used from 12 populations, of which six were ‘susceptible’ to phosphine, three were ‘weakly resistant’, and three were ‘strongly resistant’. Knockdown times were determined for single beetles, as well as for groups of ten beetles for which the time to knockdown for either five beetles (KT50) or ten beetles (KT100) were recorded. Similar knockdown times occurred across susceptible and resistant populations. However, the KT100 tests generated conservative times for diagnosing strong vs. weak resistance. The strong resistant populations were all over 100 min with KT100, compared to 60 min or less for susceptible and weak resistant populations. Special tests on single beetles revealed higher knockdown times in insects that were deliberately disturbed compared to those without any disturbances. Work reported here suggests a knockdown test conducted on beetles in a matter of minutes or hours could help classify phosphine resistance status prior to decisions on phosphine fumigation.

The Gene Introgression Approach and the Potential Cost of Genes that Confer Strong Phosphine Resistance in Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1547-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J Daglish ◽  
Rajeswaran Jagadeesan ◽  
Manoj K Nayak ◽  
Graham A McCulloch ◽  
Virgine T Singarayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Resistance in pest insects to the grain fumigant phosphine (PH3) poses a threat to trade and food security. The possible pleiotropic effects of PH3 resistance on development and reproduction were investigated in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), by introgressing two genes known to be major contributors to strong resistance (tc_rph1 and tc_rph2) into a susceptible background. The tc_rph2 allele was the G135S variant, whereas the identity of tc_rph1 allele was unknown but could have been one of the three known variants (L119W, V123F, or S349G). The introgressed resistant strain was 288× more resistant than the susceptible strain, based on mortality after a 20 h fumigation with PH3. Molecular screening confirmed that the introgressed strain was homozygous for the resistance genes, but was otherwise indistinguishable from the susceptible strain based on screening with 12 neutral DNA markers. We found no differences of consequence in developmental time between the susceptible and introgressed resistant strains. Similarly, the number of F1 adults produced by these strains was more or less equal, as was the weight of individual F1 adults. The conclusions remained the same regardless of whether the experiments were conducted on a flour-based medium or wheat. Thus, we found no evidence that being fully strongly PH3 resistant (i.e., homozygous for tc_rph1 and tc_rph2) has major consequences in terms of development or reproduction in T. castaneum.

scholarly journals Phosphine Resistance in the Rust Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Inheritance, Gene Interactions and Fitness Costs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e31582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeswaran Jagadeesan ◽  
Patrick J. Collins ◽  
Gregory J. Daglish ◽  
Paul R. Ebert ◽  
David I. Schlipalius
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Selection for resistance to phosphine or methyl bromide in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractThe build-up of resistance to phosphine and methyl bromide in the developmental stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) after six selections in successive generations was investigated in the laboratory at 25 ± 1°C. Responses of the life stages of the fumigant-selected insects were compared with those of untreated controls with a 24 h exposure and mortality was assessed after 14 days. Phosphine induced the development of resistance irrespective of the life stage chosen for selection. The onset of phosphine resistance was noted after the first selection but the levels of resistance attained in the different stages varied depending on the stage tested, and in each case the degree of expression was different in the four stages of T. castaneum. After selection, phosphine resistance was highest in the pupae followed by eggs, adults and larvae. Resistance to methyl bromide in the methyl bromide treated insects increased only slightly (less than × 2.0). Adults derived from egg, larva, pupa and adult-selected methyl bromide lines showed cross-resistance to phosphine (× 1.8 to 11.5 at LD95), while cross-resistance of adults to methyl bromide was noted only in adult-selected phosphine-resistant insects (× 1.5 at LD95).

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