Susceptibility of Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) to Major Field Insect Pests as Influenced by Insecticide Application in a Sub-Humid Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
A.O. Akinyemi ◽  
O.O.R. Pitan ◽  
A.A. Osipitan ◽  
M.A. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Major Field ◽  
Humid Environment

scholarly journals Development of Reference Transcriptomes for the Major Field Insect Pests of Cowpea: A Toolbox for Insect Pest Management Approaches in West Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope A. Agunbiade ◽  
Weilin Sun ◽  
Brad S. Coates ◽  
Rousseau Djouaka ◽  
Manuele Tamò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Major Field ◽  
Management Approaches

Increase of numbers of cereal aphids by insecticide application as an aid to plant breeding

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. B. Lowe ◽  
Lydia A. D. Benevicius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Aphid Predators

Increase of pest populations to abnormal levels following application of pesticides is a well-known phenomenon which has been turned to advantage in work on host-plant resistance to insect pests. For example, increases in numbers of aphids followed treatment of potato with carbaryl (Sevin), DDT and other chemicals which killed aphid predators (Peterson, 1963) and carbaryl has been used where enhancement of populations of Myzus persicae was achieved deliberately (Radcliffe & Lauer, 1971; Tingey & Van de Klashorst, 1976). Interest in the possibility of breeding for resistance to cereal aphids, especially Sitobion avenae (F), has increased as more examples of differences between varieties have been reported (e.g. Kolbe, 1969; Hinz & Daebeler, 1974; Lowe, 1978, 1980; Stokes, Lee & Wratten, 1980). This aphid occurs sporadically in the field and natural enemies, notably predaceous and parasitic insects, may contribute significantly to this variation (Vickerman & Wratten, 1979), so the use of insecticides to reduce the effects of the latter appears a promising technique in the development of reliable field screening methods for plant breeding.

scholarly journals Suppression of Rice Planthopper Populations by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae without Affecting the Rice Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Peng ◽  
Jifeng Tang ◽  
Mingsheng Hong ◽  
Jiaqin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Rice Planthoppers ◽  
Good Potential

ABSTRACT Entomopathogenic fungi can regulate insect populations and function as crucial biological control agents against insect pests, but their impacts on nontarget microorganisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the potential of the fungal strain Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 to control rice planthoppers under field conditions and its effects on rice microbiota. This fungus suppressed rice planthoppers during this period, and its control efficiency was more than 60% 7 days after application and did not significantly differ from that of the chemical treatment except in 2019. Both treatments showed a smaller population of rice planthoppers than the controls. After application, M. anisopliae was maintained on rice plants for approximately 14 days, showing a decreasing trend over time. Furthermore, the results showed that the bacterial and fungal richness (operational taxonomic units) and diversity (Shannon index) did not significantly differ between the fungal treatment and the controls after application. The major bacterial taxa of Proteobacteria (including Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria accounted for more than 80% of the bacterial community after fungal application, and the major fungal taxa Ascomycota (including Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes) and Basidiomycota (including Ustilaginomycetes) represented more than 90% of the fungal community. However, the microbial communities of the rice phyllosphere did not significantly change after entomopathogenic-agent application, indicating that the indigenous microbial communities may adapt to fungal insecticide application. Taken together, the results suggest that this fungal agent has good potential for rice planthopper control with no substantial effects on rice microbial communities. IMPORTANCE Entomopathogenic fungi may be used as crucial biocontrol agents for the control of insect pests, but few effective fungal strains have been reported for the control of the rice planthopper, a major pest of rice. More importantly, the impacts of fungal insecticide application on nontarget microorganisms have not been well evaluated, especially under field conditions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of the fungal strain M. anisopliae CQMa421 on rice planthopper populations from 2017 to 2019 and evaluated its potential impacts on the microbiota of rice plants after application. The results suggested that this fungal agent has good potential for use in the control of rice planthoppers with no significant effects on rice microbial communities, representing an alternative strategy for the control of rice pests.

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