A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING AIR-CONDITIONED BUILDINGS IN KUWAIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Aboelyazied Kulaib ◽  
Abdulrahim Kalendar ◽  
Shafqat Hussain ◽  
Yousuf Alhendal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Target Energy ◽  
Ac Systems

ABSTRACT In Kuwait air-conditioning systems consume approximately 70% of the grid energy during the long summer months. In this paper, various practical approaches are investigated to enhance the energy efficiency and decrease the energy consumption of five existing air-conditioned (AC) buildings in Kuwait City. The process of energy management in air-conditioned buildings in Kuwait is overwhelming due to high energy consumption in the building sector. This study proposed an optimization technique for the proper energy management of installed AC systems to target energy-efficient buildings. In this study the aim is to explore the effect of different operating parameters, both theoretically and experimentally, and to contribute to the reduction of AC energy consumption. Consequently, the relationship between the thermal load in the air-conditioned buildings and the actual electrical energy consumption is determined, and remedial measures, along with different recommendations for energy saving, are presented. The actual thermal loads of each selected building were calculated and compared with the installed cooling capacity of the AC systems. From the results obtained it was concluded that, by implementing the suggested remedial measures, the predicted load in the selected buildings could be decreased significantly from the existing installed capacity of the cooling systems. Most of the remedial measures suggested for energy management lead to a reduction in power consumption and increased energy efficiency at different levels based on the specifications of the buildings considered and the AC systems installed, resulting in improved in economy, a reduced carbon footprint, and a cleaner environment.

scholarly journals Smart energy management of combined ventilation systems in a nZEB

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier M. Rey-Hernández ◽  
Sergio Lorenzo González ◽  
Julio F. San José-Alonso ◽  
Ana Tejero-González ◽  
Eloy Velasco-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The high energy consumption, attached to a high energy demand in buildings, has led the development of several research projects with the target of reducing the energy consumption in the buildings. As a result of this high consumption, the increased CO2 emissions that have been generated in recent years, have reached alarming levels, which is why it is necessary to reduce the environmental impact which we are contributing to our planet through the use of energy. The European Directive on Building Performance (EPBD 2018/844/EU), recently updated, requires new buildings to be close to the Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs), increasing the use of renewable energies on-site, and also highlight how to get to improve the cost-effective renovation of existing buildings with the introduction of building control and automation systems ( smart systems), as well as the energy savings and increase the efficiency of energy systems, by reducing CO2 emissions. The use of new renewable energy technologies integrated in buildings, with the aim of reducing the consumption of the facilities that all nZEB buildings must have, such as the ventilation system used as an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) control technique. In this study, the energy management of the enthalpy ventilation control system is analysed, where dynamic monitoring is going on in the building controlled through Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), in combination with different ventilation systems as free-cooling, heat recovery and geothermal energy of an Earth Air Heat eXchanger (EAHX), all of them as strategies implemented in a real nZEB building (LUCIA) located on the campus at the University of Valladolid, with the goal of improving energy efficiency in ventilation. In order to get this aims, monitoring data of several energy parameters (temperature, air velocity, air flow rate, enthalpy, etc.) are measurements, they allow us to perform a control of the combined ventilation systems to achieve a high IAQ and analyze an optimization of the energy efficiency of the all systems and to study of energy recovery and savings of carbon emissions that directly affect the reduction of the impact of climate change. The results achieved are the energy efficiency of the building in ventilation and optimum system operation in cooling and heating mode. In addition, by controlling the ventilation, the IAQ of the nZEB building is improved.

scholarly journals Sustainable Water Supply Systems Management for Energy Efficiency: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5101
Author(s):  
Izabela Zimoch ◽  
Ewelina Bartkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Machnik-Slomka ◽  
Iwona Klosok-Bazan ◽  
Adam Rak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Systems Management ◽  
Hydraulic Models ◽  
Supply Systems

A prerequisite for achieving high energy efficiency of water supply systems (understood as using less energy to perform the same task) is the appropriate selection of all elements and their rational use. Energy consumption in water supply systems (WSS) is closely connected with water demand. Especially in the case of oversized water supply systems for which consumers’ water demand is at least 50% less than previously planned and flow velocity in some parts of the system is below 0.01 m·s−1, this problem of excessive energy consumption can be observed. In the literature, it is difficult to find descriptions and methods of energy management for such a case. The purpose of this study was both an evaluation of the current demand of an oversized WSS and a preliminary technical analysis of the possibility for energy saving. Solutions are presented that resulted in improvements in energy management, thus increasing energy efficiency. The conducted analyses indicate the wide use of numerical, hydraulic models, among others, for the needs of the sustainable oversize water supply systems management in order to improve energy efficiency. Those simulations only give energy consumption results as a first step in the process of decision-making for the modernization process, in which investment costs should be taken into account as a second step. Thus, this paper emphasizes the crucial role of hydraulic models as a good analytical tool used in decision support systems (DSS), especially for large, oversized water supply systems.

scholarly journals Improving the Energy Efficiency, Limiting Costs and Reducing CO2 Emissions of a Museum Using Geothermal Energy and Energy Management Policies

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Cadelano ◽  
Francesco Cicolin ◽  
Giuseppe Emmi ◽  
Giulia Mezzasalma ◽  
Davide Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Management Policies

Museums are major energy consumers amongst buildings, especially if they are housed in historical constructions. Museums usually present high energy demand for the air-conditioning due to their architectonical and structural characteristics, such as the presence of large exhibition rooms and open spaces. At the same time, temperature and humidity have to be strictly controlled in order to assure proper microclimate conditions for the conservation of the housed collections and adequate thermal comfort for visitors and personnel. Moreover, despite being subjected to architectural protection that limits most structural refurbishment interventions, these buildings must be adequate from an energy point of view to allow their reuse or continuity of use according to current quality standards, while retaining their heritage significance. In this awkward context, ground source heat pump working with high temperature terminals is proposed as a viable refurbishment solution. The use of shallow geothermal systems can improve the energy efficiency of the heating ventilation air-conditioning systems and, at the same time, increases the renewable energy source exploitation without affecting the indoor environmental conditions. However, after the interventions, the expected benefits and the sought-after limitation of energy consumption/cost may not occur for different reasons. In fact, even if the installed solution is working perfectly and properly designed, every effort will be in vain if adequate attention is not paid to the management of the plants during the operational phase. This document is meant to evaluate and compare the magnitude that invasive (i.e., technical interventions) and not invasive (i.e., energy management policies) actions respectively and their combined interaction, have on a museum. Through energy simulations it has been possible to quantify the effects that different interventions and energy management strategies had on an existing museum housed in an historical building, from energy consumption, energy costs and CO2 emission standpoints.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Energy Management and Charging Strategy for Electric Bus Fleets in Cities Using Various ECO Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7865
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahedi Hasan ◽  
Nikos Avramis ◽  
Mikaela Ranta ◽  
Andoni Saez-de-Ibarra ◽  
Mohamed El Baghdadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Eco Features

The paper presents use case simulations of fleets of electric buses in two cities in Europe, one with a warm Mediterranean climate and the other with a Northern European (cool temperate) climate, to compare the different climatic effects of the thermal management strategy and charging management strategy. Two bus routes are selected in each city, and the effects of their speed, elevation, and passenger profiles on the energy and thermal management strategy of vehicles are evaluated. A multi-objective optimization technique, the improved Simple Optimization technique, and a “brute-force” Monte Carlo technique were employed to determine the optimal number of chargers and charging power to minimize the total cost of operation of the fleet and the impact on the grid, while ensuring that all the buses in the fleet are able to realize their trips throughout the day and keeping the battery SoC within the constraints designated by the manufacturer. A mix of four different types of buses with different battery capacities and electric motor specifications constitute the bus fleet, and the effects that they have on charging priority are evaluated. Finally, different energy management strategies, including economy (ECO) features, such as ECO-comfort, ECO-driving, and ECO-charging, and their effects on the overall optimization are investigated. The single bus results indicate that 12 m buses have a significant battery capacity, allowing for multiple trips within their designated routes, while 18 m buses only have the battery capacity to allow for one or two trips. The fleet results for Barcelona city indicate an energy requirement of 4.42 GWh per year for a fleet of 36 buses, while for Gothenburg, the energy requirement is 5 GWh per year for a fleet of 20 buses. The higher energy requirement in Gothenburg can be attributed to the higher average velocities of the bus routes in Gothenburg, compared to those of the bus routes in Barcelona city. However, applying ECO-features can reduce the energy consumption by 15% in Barcelona city and by 40% in Gothenburg. The significant reduction in Gothenburg is due to the more effective application of the ECO-driving and ECO-charging strategies. The application of ECO-charging also reduces the average grid load by more than 10%, while shifting the charging towards non-peak hours. Finally, the optimization process results in a reduction of the total fleet energy consumption of up to 30% in Barcelona city, while in Gothenburg, the total cost of ownership of the fleet is reduced by 9%.

scholarly journals Specific Electrical Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions Assessment of Agrifood Industries in the Central Region of Portugal

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1880-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro D. Silva ◽  
Pedro Dinis Gaspar ◽  
J. Nunes ◽  
L.P.A Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Result Analysis

This paper provides a characterization of the electrical energy consumption of agrifood industries located in the central region of Portugal that use refrigeration systems to ensure the food safety. The study is based on the result analysis of survey data and energy characteristics of the participating companies belonging to the following agrifood sectors: meat, dairy, horticultural, distribution and wine. Through the quantification of energy consumption of companies is possible to determine the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions indexed to its manufacturing process. Comparing the energy and GHGs emissions indexes of companies of a sector and between sectors is possible to create reference levels. With the results of this work is possible to rating the companies in relation to reference levels of energy and GHGs emissions and thus promote the rational use of energy by the application of practice measures for the improvement of the energy efficiency and the reduction of GHGs emissions.

scholarly journals The methodical issues of industrial energy monitoring systems implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
V. Nakhodov ◽  
O. Borychenko ◽  
A. Cherniavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Management System ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Energy Monitoring

Statistics show that energy is one of the highest operating costs in a manufacturing enterprise. So, improving energy efficiency can lead to a significant increase in profits and reduce the impact of the enterprise on the environment. To increase the performance of energy efficiency activities, it is necessary to implement an energy management system. One of the components of this system is energy monitoring, which, in turn, is based on the periodic collection and analysis of data to assess the state of the monitoring objects in terms of energy efficiency. In this paper, the role and place of energy monitoring in the energy management system of an industrial enterprise are noted. The paper proposes the concept of creating energy monitoring system in industrial companies, which is based on the combination of a monitoring system based on specific energy consumption, and usage of group energy characteristics of production facilities. Implementing such energy monitoring systems will allow to conduct operational control of energy efficiency of production facilities by creating individual systems for monitoring energy efficiency, as well as successfully carry out such monitoring at the enterprise and its subdivisions over longer periods of time using specific energy consumption indicators. It also provides general guidelines for conducting energy monitoring. These guidelines were formed based on the results of studying various methods and scientific publications in the field of energy monitoring, as well as on the basis of practical experience in the development and implementation of energy management systems. Particular attention is paid to the issues of processing and analysis of information about the objects of energy monitoring of industrial enterprises. The practical application of the concept of creating energy monitoring systems envisages gradual improvement of the existing monitoring system based on the specific energy consumption, which will be further completely replaced with individual energy efficiency monitoring systems.

scholarly journals Eagle Strategy with Cauchy Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization for Energy Management in Cloud Computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Archana Kollu ◽  
◽  
Sucharita Vadlamudi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Cauchy Mutation ◽  
Eagle Strategy

Energy management of the cloud datacentre is a challenging task, especially when the cloud server receives a number of the user’s request simultaneously. This requires an efficient method to optimally allocate the resources to the users. Resource allocation in cloud data centers need to be done in optimized manner for conserving energy keeping in view of Service Level Agreement (SLA). We propose, Eagle Strategy (ES) based Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (ES-MPSO) to minimize the energy consumption and SLA violation. The Eagle Strategy method is applied due to its efficient local optimization technique. The Cauchy Mutation method which schedules the task effectively and minimize energy consumption, is applied to the proposed ES-MPSO method for improving the convergence performance. The simulation result shows that the energy consumption of ES-MPSO is 42J and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is 51J. The proposed method ES-MPSO achieves higher efficiency compared to the PSO method in terms of energy management and SLA.

scholarly journals Drivers and Barriers to Industrial Energy Efficiency in Textile Industries of Bangladesh

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S M Monjurul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Rokonuzzaman ◽  
Rashedul Amin Tuhin ◽  
Shah Md. Salimullah ◽  
Mahfuz Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Service ◽  
Textile Industries

Bangladesh faced a substantial growth in primary energy demand in the last few years. According to several studies, energy generation is not the only means to address energy demand; efficient energy management practices are also very critical. A pertinent contribution in the energy management at the industrial sector ensures the proper utilization of energy. Energy management and its efficiency in the textile industries of Bangladesh are studied in this paper. The outcomes demonstrate several barriers to energy management practices which are inadequate technical cost-effective measures, inadequate capital expenditure, and poor research and development. However, this study also demonstrates that the risk of high energy prices in the future, assistance from energy professionals, and an energy management scheme constitute the important drivers for the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the studied textile mills. The studied textile industries seem unaccustomed to the dedicated energy service company concept, and insufficient information regarding energy service companies (ESCOs) and the shortage of trained professionals in energy management seem to be the reasons behind this. This paper likewise finds that 3–4% energy efficiency improvements can be gained with the help of energy management practices in these industries.

scholarly journals Perspectives and Intensification of Energy Efficiency in Commercial and Residential Buildings Using Strategic Auditing and Demand-Side Management

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar ◽  
Brar ◽  
Singh ◽  
Nikolovski ◽  
Baghaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Energy Auditing

With the ever-growing power demand, the energy efficiency in commercial and residential buildings is a matter of great concern. Also, strategic energy auditing (SEA) and demand-side management (DSM) are cost-effective means to identify the requirements of power components and their operation in the energy management system. In a commercial or residential building, the major components are light sources and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. The number of these components to be installed depends upon the technical and environmental standards. In this scenario, energy auditing (EA) allows identifying the methods, scope, and time for energy management, and it helps the costumers to manage their energy consumption wisely to reduce electricity bills. In the literature, most of the traditional strategies employed specific system techniques and algorithms, whereas, in recent years, load shifting-based DSM techniques were used under different operating scenarios. Considering these facts, the energy data in a year were collected under three different seasonal changes, i.e., severe cold, moderate, and severe heat for the variation in load demand under different environmental conditions. In this work, the energy data under three conditions were averaged, and the DSM schemes were developed for the operation of power components before energy auditing and after energy auditing. Moreover, the performance of the proposed DSM techniques was compared with the practical results in both scenarios, and, from the results, it was observed that the energy consumption reduced significantly in the proposed DSM approach.

Monitoring of Pumping Unit Operation in Indicators of Energy Efficiency of its Work

2014 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Mykola I. Sotnyk ◽  
Serhii Sapozhnikov ◽  
Kateryna Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping Unit

The influence of pumping unit’s elements on the overall energyefficiency of its work is viewed in the article. The areas of pumping unit’s operation effectiveness are identified and evaluated within the field of his QH characteristics and efficiency of its use in real technological process. The methodology of pumping unit’s operation evaluation in different modes through indicators of unit electrical energy consumption is developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document