scholarly journals Widespread demographic explosion of a non-indigenous hydrozoan on an oceanic island

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Espino ◽  
Francisco J. Otero-Ferrer ◽  
Néstor E. Bosch ◽  
Josep Coca ◽  
Ricardo Haroun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
Structure Patterns

The arrival of non-indigenous species into new areas is one of the main processes altering the oceans globally. Macrorhynchia philippina is a large-sized colonial hydrozoan of an invasive nature. To obtain a deeper understanding of the process of colonization of new areas, it is essential to describe the ecological pattern through scales of temporal and spatial variation. In this study, we describe the colonization by M. Philippina of an oceanic island (Gran Canaria Island, Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic). We describe the abundance and size structure patterns of M. Philippina in three nearshore habitats, rocky reefs, seagrass meadows and rhodolith seabeds, at times before (2014), during (2016) and after (2017) the demographic explosion of this species. On rocky reefs and rhodolith seabeds, the abundance of colonies increased dramatically in 2017 rel­ative to 2014, e.g. from 0 to 138 colonies/100 m2. On seagrass meadows, however, the colonies were smaller. In summary, M. Philippina shows an ecological plasticity to rapidly colonize different types of nearshore habitats, but with varying success.

scholarly journals Variability in the settlement of non-indigenous species in benthic communities from an oceanic island

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Riera ◽  
Patrício Ramalhosa ◽  
João Canning-Clode ◽  
Ignacio Gestoso
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

scholarly journals The temporal and spatial variation of snow pressure on structures

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Otto Larsen ◽  
David M. McClung ◽  
Svein Borg Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Snow Pressure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Snowpack Properties

Measurements of snow creep pressure on an avalanche-defence structure in western Norway are presented. Two different types of measurement methods are described and evaluated. Pressure data from four winters are correlated with the following measured snowpack properties: density, snow depth, snowpack temperature, and snowpack stiffness. The results show that maximum and average pressures are strongly dependent on the product of density and snow depth as well as snowpack stiffness. The highest pressures were observed in spring prior to melting of the snowpack. Key words: snow pressure, snowpack parameters, slope inclination, structures.

scholarly journals Structuring effects of chemicals from the sea fanPhyllogorgia dilatataon benthic communities

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3186
Author(s):  
Felipe V. Ribeiro ◽  
Bernardo A.P. da Gama ◽  
Renato C. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Palythoa Caribaeorum ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Manipulative Experiments ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
Janeiro State

Despite advances in understanding the ecological functions of secondary metabolites from marine organisms, there has been little focus on the influence of chemically-defended species at the community level. Several compounds have been isolated from the gorgonian octocoralPhyllogorgia dilatata, a conspicuous species that forms dense canopies on rocky reefs of northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Manipulative experiments were performed to study: (1) the effects of live colonies ofP. dilatata(physical presence and chemistry) on recruitment of sympatric benthic organisms; (2) the allelopathic effects of its chemicals on competitors; and (3) chemotactic responses of the non-indigenous brittle star,Ophiothela mirabilis. Early establishment of benthic species was influenced on substrates around liveP. dilatatacolonies and some effects could be attributed to the gorgonian’s secondary metabolites.In addition, the gorgonian chemicals also exerted an allelopathic effect on the sympatric zoanthidPalythoa caribaeorum,and positive chemotaxis uponO. mirabilis. These results indicate multiple ecological roles of a chemically-defended gorgonian on settlement, sympatric competitors, and non-indigenous species.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Variation of Anthropogenic Heat in the Central Urban Area: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Ting Peng ◽  
Caige Sun ◽  
Shanshan Feng ◽  
Yongdong Zhang ◽  
Fenglei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat Flux ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Area Expansion

The urban heat island effect caused by the rapid increase in urban anthropogenic heat has gradually become an important factor affecting the living environment of urban residents. Studying the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of urban anthropogenic heat is of great significance for urban planning and urban ecological service systems. In this study, the urban anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) in 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2020 in the central urban area of Guangzhou was retrieved based on Landsat data and the surface energy balance equation, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of different types of anthropogenic heat were explored by combining the transfer matrix and the migration of the gravity center. The results showed that: (1) The overall change trend of anthropogenic heat in the central urban area of Guangzhou was enhanced, and the degree of enhancement was related to the type of urban functional land. (2) Different types of anthropogenic heat had different characteristics in terms of area expansion and spatial changes. Low-value anthropogenic heat (zero-AHF zone, low-AHF zone, medium-AHF zone) changed drastically in terms of area expansion. High-value anthropogenic heat (medium-AHF zone, high-AHF zone) changed more drastically in space. The increase in urban population, rapid economic development, and increased industrial production activities have stimulated the emission of anthropogenic heat, which has a positive impact on the intensity of anthropogenic heat.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic paleoecology: macroecology within an evolutionary framework

Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
James C. Lamsdell ◽  
Curtis R. Congreve
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The burgeoning field of phylogenetic paleoecology (Lamsdell et al. 2017) represents a synthesis of the related but differently focused fields of macroecology (Brown 1995) and macroevolution (Stanley 1975). Through a combination of the data and methods of both disciplines, phylogenetic paleoecology leverages phylogenetic theory and quantitative paleoecology to explain the temporal and spatial variation in species diversity, distribution, and disparity. Phylogenetic paleoecology is ideally situated to elucidate many fundamental issues in evolutionary biology, including the generation of new phenotypes and occupation of previously unexploited environments; the nature of relationships among character change, ecology, and evolutionary rates; determinants of the geographic distribution of species and clades; and the underlying phylogenetic signal of ecological selectivity in extinctions and radiations. This is because phylogenetic paleoecology explicitly recognizes and incorporates the quasi-independent nature of evolutionary and ecological data as expressed in the dual biological hierarchies (Eldredge and Salthe 1984; Congreve et al. 2018; Fig. 1), incorporating both as covarying factors rather than focusing on one and treating the other as error within the dataset.

Meta-analysis on the ecological impacts of widely spread non-indigenous species in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 147375
Author(s):  
Henn Ojaveer ◽  
Jonne Kotta ◽  
Okko Outinen ◽  
Heli Einberg ◽  
Anastasija Zaiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Non Indigenous Species
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