scholarly journals Cost-benefit of three different methods for studying Mediterranean rocky benthic assemblages

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natàlia Sant ◽  
Eglantine Chappuis ◽  
Conxi Rodríguez-Prieto ◽  
Montserrat Real ◽  
Enric Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reduced Light

Here we compare the applicability, the information provided and the cost-benefit of three sampling methods usually used in the study of rocky benthic assemblages. For comparative purposes, sampling was performed seasonally and along a depth gradient (0-50 m) in the Cabrera Archipelago (western Mediterranean). The destructive scraping (collection) method was the least cost-effective but provided the best qualitative and quantitative information. The in situ visual method was the most time-effective but provided low levels of taxonomic resolution and its accuracy decreased with depth due to the increasing difficulty of recognizing species in situ due to nitrogen narcosis, reduced light and cold. The photoquadrat method showed intermediate values of cost-effectiveness and information but was not suitable for multilayered assemblages, as it only accounted for the overstory. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that depth was highlighted as the main environmental gradient (16.0% of variance) by the three methods. However, differences due to the sampling method (7.9% of variance) were greater than differences due to temporal variability (5.8% of variance), suggesting that the three methods are valid but their selection has to be carefully assessed in relation to the targeted assemblages and the specific goals of each study.

scholarly journals ANN-Based Decision Making in Station Keeping for Geotechnical Drilling Vessel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Murugan Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan ◽  
Yaseen Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Arun Kr Dev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Offshore vessels (OVs) often require precise station-keeping and some vessels, for example, vessels involved in geotechnical drilling, generally use Spread Mooring (SM) or Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems. Most of these vessels are equipped with both systems to cover all ranges of water depths. However, determining which system to use for a particular operational scenario depends on many factors and requires significant balancing in terms of cost-benefit. Therefore, this research aims to develop a platform that will determine the cost factors for both the SM and DP station-keeping systems. Operational information and cost data are collected for several field operations, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are trained using those data samples. After that, the trained ANN is used to predict the components of cost for any given environmental situation, fieldwork duration and water depth. Later, the total cost is investigated against water depth for both DP and SM systems to determine the most cost-effective option. The results are validated using two operational scenarios for a specific geotechnical vessel. This decision-making algorithm can be further developed by adding up more operational data for various vessels and can be applied in the development of sustainable decision-making business models for OVs operators.

scholarly journals Cost–effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of oliceridine in the treatment of acute pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit N Simpson ◽  
Michael J Fossler ◽  
Linda Wase ◽  
Mark A Demitrack
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Opioid Receptor Agonist ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor ◽  
The Cost

Aim: Oliceridine, a new class of μ-opioid receptor agonist, is selective for G-protein signaling (analgesia) with limited recruitment of β-arrestin (associated with adverse outcomes) and may provide a cost-effective alternative versus conventional opioid morphine for postoperative pain. Patients & methods: Using a decision tree with a 24-h time horizon, we calculated costs for medication and management of three most common adverse events (AEs; oxygen saturation <90%, vomiting and somnolence) following postoperative oliceridine or morphine use. Results: Using oliceridine, the cost for managing AEs was US$528,424 versus $852,429 for morphine, with a net cost savings of $324,005. Conclusion: Oliceridine has a favorable overall impact on the total cost of postoperative care compared with the use of the conventional opioid morphine.

Cost benefit analysis of measures to reduce industrial effluent discharges

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1623-1628
Author(s):  
Åsa Sivard ◽  
Tomas Ericsson ◽  
Nippe Hylander ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
Mikael Malmaeus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

In an environmentally harmonized society the most cost effective measures to reduce the total effluent discharges should be taken into account. Generalised discharge values are presented for organic material and nutrients in this paper. Depending on conditions in the receiving water any of these parameters can be the determining factor for the eutrophication and oxygen demand. These parameters can be generalized into equivalent loads of TOC, nitrogen or phosphorus by recalculation according to the Redfield ratio. The cost for reduction of organic material and nutrients from a pulp and paper mill is calculated as a cost per unit pollutant (cost equivalent). This cost equivalent is compared with alternative costs, expressed in the same way, for reduction of organic material and nutrients in adjacent industries, municipal treatment plants, impact from transportation, farming, air deposits etc. In order to find where the most cost efficient measures for the society should be taken the cost equivalent for the mill is compared with the alternative measures and their equivalent costs.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of a Problem-Solving Intervention Aimed to Prevent Sickness Absence among Employees with Common Mental Disorders or Occupational Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5234
Author(s):  
Marijke Keus Van De Poll ◽  
Gunnar Bergström ◽  
Irene Jensen ◽  
Lotta Nybergh ◽  
Lydia Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
The Cost

The cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of a work-directed intervention implemented by the occupational health service (OHS) for employees with common mental disorders (CMD) or stress related problems at work were investigated. The economic evaluation was conducted in a two-armed clustered RCT. Employees received either a problem-solving based intervention (PSI; n = 41) or care as usual (CAU; n = 59). Both were work-directed interventions. Data regarding sickness absence and production loss at work was gathered during a one-year follow-up. Bootstrap techniques were used to conduct a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) from both an employer and societal perspective. Intervention costs were lower for PSI than CAU. Costs for long-term sickness absence were higher for CAU, whereas costs for short-term sickness absence and production loss at work were higher for PSI. Mainly due to these costs, PSI was not cost-effective from the employer’s perspective. However, PSI was cost-beneficial from a societal perspective. CEA showed that a one-day reduction of long-term sickness absence costed on average €101 for PSI, a cost that primarily was borne by the employer. PSI reduced the socio-economic burden compared to CAU and could be recommended to policy makers. However, reduced long-term sickness absence, i.e., increased work attendance, was accompanied by employees perceiving higher levels of production loss at work and thus increased the cost for employers. This partly explains why an effective intervention was not cost-effective from the employer’s perspective. Hence, additional adjustments and/or support at the workplace might be needed for reducing the loss of production at work.

Cost Effectiveness of the Oncotype DX DCIS Score for Guiding Treatment of Patients With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (33) ◽  
pp. 3963-3968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C. Raldow ◽  
David Sher ◽  
Aileen B. Chen ◽  
Abram Recht ◽  
Rinaa S. Punglia
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The Oncotype DX DCIS Score short form (DCIS Score) estimates the risk of an ipsilateral breast event (IBE) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with breast-conserving surgery without adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). We determined the cost effectiveness of strategies using this test. Materials and Methods We developed a Markov model simulating 10-year outcomes for 60-year-old women eligible for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E5194 study (cohort 1: low/intermediate-grade DCIS, ≤ 2.5 cm; cohort 2: high-grade DCIS, ≤ 1 cm) with each of five strategies: (1) no testing, no RT; (2) no testing, RT only for cohort 2; (3) no RT for low-grade DCIS, test for intermediate- and high-grade DCIS, RT for intermediate- or high-risk scores; (4) test all, RT for intermediate- or high-risk scores; and (5) no testing, RT for all. We used utilities and costs extracted from the literature and Medicare claims to determine incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and examined the number of women needed to irradiate per IBE prevented. Results No strategy using the DCIS Score was cost effective. The most cost-effective strategy (RT for none or RT for all) was sensitive to small differences between the utilities of receiving or not receiving RT and remaining without recurrence. The numbers needed to irradiate per IBE prevented were 10.5, 9.1, 7.5, and 13.1 for strategies 2 to 5, respectively, relative to strategy 1. Conclusion Strategies using the DCIS Score lowered the proportion of women undergoing RT per IBE prevented. However, no strategy incorporating the DCIS Score was cost effective. The cost effectiveness of RT was exquisitely utility sensitive, highlighting the importance of engaging patient preferences in this decision. Physicians should discuss trade-offs associated with omitting or adding adjuvant RT with each patient to maximize quality-of-life outcomes.

scholarly journals ANN-Based Decision Making in Station Keeping for Geotechnical Drilling Vessel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugan Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan ◽  
Yaseen Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Arun Kr Dev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Offshore vessels (OVs) often requires precise station-keeping and some vessels, for example, vessel involves in geotechnical drilling generally use Spread Mooring (SM) or Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems. Most of these vessels are equipped with both systems to cover all ranges of water depths. However, determining which systems to use for a particular operational scenario depends on many factors and requires significant balancing in terms of cost-benefit. Therefore, this research aims to develop a platform that will determine the cost factors for both the SM and DP station keeping systems. Operational information and cost data are collected for several field operations, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is trained using those data samples. After that, the trained ANN is used to predict the components of cost for any given environmental situation, fieldwork duration and water depth. Later, the total cost is investigated against water depth for both DP and SM systems to determine the most cost-effective option. The results are validated using two operational scenarios for a specific geotechnical vessel. This decision-making algorithm can be further developed by adding up more operational data for various vessels and can be applied in the development of sustainable decision-making business models for OVs operators.

A cost-benefit analysis for sonographic screening for renal tumors.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 665-665
Author(s):  
Shmuel Roizman ◽  
Moshe Leshno ◽  
Miki Haifler ◽  
Yishai Hode Rappaport ◽  
Amnon Zisman
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Stage Migration ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
The Cost

665 Background: In the last 2 decades, the rates of metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) at diagnosis declined from 33% to 17%This fact is attributed to massive penetration of cross sectional imaging leading to a marked stage migration. The cost of targeted therapy for metastatic RCC patients is very high. These trends led us to hypothesize that screening for RCC with ultrasound may be cost effective. Objective: To assess the cost effectiveness of screening with ultrasound for renal tumors in the general population over 60 years of age. Methods: Using the Markov model, a mathematical framework was set up describing the course of disease with and without screening for RCC using abdominal ultrasonography. Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) and financial costs were the outputs of the model. Results: Average costs for the screening strategy was 137.4 U$ and for non-screening was 31.4 U$. Screening and non-screening strategy would add an average of 21.7396 and 21.7385 QALY, respectively. An increase of 0.001 QALY equates to Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of 86,4 U$ per QALY, Currently, the cost which is considered cost effective for 1 QALY point is approximately 27,548.21 U$. The two variables most influential on the model output were prevalence of RCC and US cost. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the sole cost benefit screening study performed for RCC in the targeted therapy era. Screening for renal tumors using abdominal ultrasonography at a cost of 35.81 U$ per exam is cost effective. Our findings are highly suggestive that early screening for RCC may be cost effective for preventing RCC metastatic disease and nevertheless will save lives.

In-situ Formation of Co3O4 Nanocrystals Embedded in Laser-Induced Graphene Foam for High-Energy Flexible Micro-supercapacitor

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Ding ◽  
Ruilai Liu ◽  
Jiapeng Hu ◽  
Jingyun Zhao ◽  
Jinjin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
In Situ Formation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power Densities

The cost-effective synthesis of flexible energy storage devices with high energy and power densities is a challenge in wearable electronics. Here, we report a facile, efficient, and scalable approach for...

Selecting a Cost-Effective Number of Samples To Use at Preselected Locations

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Stephen Grotzinger ◽  
Douglas Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Contamination Control ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Effective Number Of Samples ◽  
The Cost

In the control of environmental contaminants, it is often useful to sample at preselected locations to determine concentrations and their means. These locations might be on a surface, throughout a room, or outdoors. Applications include air and water pollution control, industrial hygiene, and contamination control in industry. Contamination is a major cause of yield and reliability losses in the microelectronics industry. Sampling the cleanroom environment or sampling the product surfaces can help diagnose and prevent contamination problems, but sampling is becoming increasingly expensive. One wants to use sampling resources effectively to achieve desired low levels of uncertainly. We assume that the locations to be sampled have been selected, perhaps as described by Cooper et al. We show how to calculate the optimal number of samples to be taken at each location so as to minimize the uncertainty in the mean over the entire region under study, subject to a cost constraint. We consider two distinet criteria for measuring this uncertainty. We also address the optimal allocation for minimizing the cost, subject to an upper bound on the standard error. We also discuss the differences between these approximate solutions and the true solutions, which are integers.

Benefit of Distributed Security Queuing for Reducing Risks Associated With Improvised Explosive Device Attacks in Airport Terminals

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Grant ◽  
Mark G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Improvised Explosive Device ◽  
Suicide Bombers ◽  
Distributed Security ◽  
Explosive Device ◽  
Airport Terminals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Improvised Explosive

Brussels Airport ceased operations for 12 days after a coordinated improvised explosive device (IED) attack by suicide bombers in March 2016, demonstrating that critical transport hubs can be disrupted for significant durations by terrorists. Designers of critical infrastructure need to consider countermeasures to such attacks, reducing a target's attractiveness and improving opportunities for business continuity. This can be achieved by considering the cost–benefit of potential countermeasures during the design phase for infrastructure. This paper uses a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) model for IED attack to assess the costs and benefits of using distributed security queuing at airport terminals. Our results demonstrate that the use of distributed security queuing will offer casualty reductions when used in preference to centralized security queuing. However, when considering the cost–benefit of introducing distributed security queuing, on the basis of a single small to medium IED attack, it is likely that implementing this countermeasure would not be deemed cost-effective from a purely financial perspective, particularly when the threat likelihood is very low.

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