scholarly journals Variations in oil, protein, fatty acids and vitamin E contents of pumpkin seeds under deficit irrigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kirnak ◽  
H. A. Irik ◽  
O. Sipahioglu ◽  
A. Unlukara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Irrigation Levels

In the present study, pumpkin (Cucurbita Pepo L.) was grown under water stress to determine its effects on the chemical composition of the seeds (i.e., oil, protein, fatty acids and vitamin E), in Kayseri, Turkey. Irrigation treatments were designed to supply different portions of depleted moisture within the efficient root zone of the plants (60 cm). The treatments were arranged as supplying 100% (I100), 80% (I80), 60% (I60), 40% (I40), 20% (I20) and 0% (I0) of depleted moisture through a drip irrigation system. The effects of irrigation levels on the oil content of pumpkin seeds were found to be significant (p < 0.01). The oil contents of irrigation treatments varied between 26% (I0, dry) and 64% (I100, full irrigation). However, the effects of deficit irrigation on protein, fatty acids and vitamin E contents were not found to be significant. The vitamin E contents varied from 41.6 – 55.3 mg/100 g; while the protein contents varied from 28.5–37.7%. Six different fatty acids (linolenic, linoleic, oleic, stearic, palmitic and myristic acid) were examined. The average concentration of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids ranged from 10.7–12.6%, 6.4–10.4%, 39.6–48.9% and 32.4–35%, respectively. Myristic and linolenic acids were not detected in the pumpkin seeds.

DISTRIBUTION OF FATTY ACIDS AND VITAMIN E CONTENT IN PUMPKIN SEEDS (CUCURBITA PEPO L.) IN BREEDING LINES

1999 ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MURKOVIC ◽  
A. HILLEBRAND ◽  
S. DRAXL ◽  
W. PFANNHAUSER ◽  
J. WINKLER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

Variability of vitamin E content in pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo L)

1996 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Murkovic ◽  
A. Hillebrand ◽  
J. Winkler ◽  
W. Pfannhauser
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

Modeling N Concentration and Uptake for Maize Hybrids under Growth Stage-Based Deficit Irrigations

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2067-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanxiao Fang ◽  
Liwang Ma ◽  
Thomas J. Trout ◽  
Louise H. Comas ◽  
Kendall C. DeJonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Crop N Uptake ◽  
N Demand

Abstract. Current maize hybrids have lower critical aboveground biomass nitrogen (N) concentration (TCNP) and grain N concentration (GNC) compared to older hybrids, but few crop models have incorporated this trend. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative algorithms for calculating TCNP (biomass-based method) and GNC (grain N demand based on N dilution curve) for predicting crop N concentration and N uptake for a current maize hybrid in the CERES-Maize model as implemented in the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). Experimental data were obtained from a field study on maize irrigated to meet various percentages (40% to 100%) of evapotranspiration demand at both vegetative and reproductive stages in 2012 and 2013 in Greeley, Colorado. The original RZWQM showed little response of aboveground N concentration (AGBNC) to the irrigation treatments and overpredicted GNC in both years. As a result, crop N uptake was generally overpredicted, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 28 to 60 kg N ha-1 for the two years. Adjusted coefficients in the original TCNP and GNC algorithms (RZWQM_ADJ) effectively reduced the overpredicted GNC but with less improvement in response to the irrigation treatments in 2013 compared with the original RZWQM simulations. The RZWQM with modified TCNP and GNC algorithms simulated lower GNC and AGBNC than the original version, significantly improved the responses to the irrigation treatments, and captured the variations in measured GNC among seasons. The corresponding crop N uptake simulations improved more in 2012 than in 2013, with lower RMSE values of 16 to 32 kg N ha-1 than the original and RZWQM_ADJ versions. The better-predicted grain N uptake by the alternative algorithms could be helpful to making better crop N management decisions under different deficit irrigation conditions. Keywords: CERES-Maize, Crop N concentration, Crop N demand, Crop N uptake, Deficit irrigation, Maize hybrid, RZWQM.

scholarly journals Water Saving and Yield of Potatoes under Partial Root-Zone Drying Drip Irrigation Technique: Field and Modelling Study Using SALTMED Model in Saudi Arabia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Ibrahim Louki ◽  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Abd El-Wahed ◽  
Abdullah Obadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Irrigation Levels

This study aims to evaluate the Partial Root Zone Drying Irrigation System (PRD) as one of the modern technologies that provide irrigation water and increase the efficiency of its use on potato crop. The effect of applying the PRD conventional deficit irrigation (CDI) on the efficiency and water saving in potato crops using the drip surface (S) and subsurface (SS) irrigation methods were investigated. SALTMED model used to predict soil moisture and salinity distribution, soil nitrogen dynamics, and yield of potato crop using the different irrigation levels (150%, 100%, and 50% of Crop evapotranspiration (ETc)). The study showed that the water use efficiency (WUE) decreases with increasing levels of irrigation water, as it ranged between 2.96 and 8.38 kgm−3, 2.77 and 7.01 kgm−3 for surface irrigation PRD and CDI, respectively, when the amounts of irrigation water varied from 308 mm to 1174 mm, respectively. The study showed that the irrigation efficiencies were the highest when using PRD system in all treatments when irrigating the potato crop during the spring season, and it was more efficient in the case of using subsurface irrigation method. The results show that the soil moisture (SM) was high in 25–45 cm at 150% of ETc was 0.166 and 0.263 m3m−3 for the first and last stages of growth, respectively. 100% of ETc, (SM) was 0.296 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–45 cm, 0.179 m3m−3 at 45–62 cm, depths, respectively. whereas 50% of ETc, (SM) was 0.162 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–85 cm, depths. At 100% of ETc, soil salinity was 5.15, 4.37, 3.3, and 4.5 dSm−1, whereas at 50%, ETc, these values were 5.64, 9.6, 3.3, and 4.2 dSm−1. Statistical indicators showed that the model underestimated yield, for 150%, 100%, and 50% of ETc. Therefore, it can be concluded that yield and WUE using PRD systems were the highest in the potato crop compare to CDI surface and sub-surface, and SALTMED model can predict the moisture distribution, salinity, and yield of potatoes after accurate adjustment.

Growth and physiological responses of the citrus rootstock Swingle citrumelo seedlings to partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MELGAR ◽  
J. M. DUNLOP ◽  
J. P. SYVERTSEN
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

SUMMARYThe effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on the growth and mineral nutrition of citrus rootstock seedlings in the glasshouse were determined, as well as the potential of DI and PRD to trigger root-to-shoot signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) to increase the growth per amount of water used (water use efficiency (WUE)). In the DI study, 3-month-old seedlings of the important citrus rootstock Swingle citrumelo with intact roots received three irrigation treatments: control (1·00 evapotranspiration (ET)), 0·75 ET and 0·50 ET. DI clearly decreased growth, the net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2), WUE and the total content of N and K in leaves, even though concentrations of leaf N and K were increased in the drought-stressed smaller plants. Root K was not affected by DI treatments. Leaf ABA concentration increased linearly with DI. For the PRD study, root systems of 6-month-old Swingle citrumelo were split into half and allowed to become established in adjacent pots. There were three irrigation treatments: control (1·00 of the total crop ET, 0·50 in each pot), PRD 50-0 (0·50 ET by weight applied to only one-half of root zone) and DI 25-25 (0·50 ET in total, with 0·25 ET applied to each root half). Although the total root length was decreased by the DI 25-25 treatment, PRD 50-0 did not affect any growth characteristics compared to control plants. The dry root zone of the PRD 50-0 treatment had a higher specific root length, longer roots per dry weight, than the wet root zone. Leaf ACO2 and WUE of the DI 25-25 treatment were significantly lower than control plants after 11 weeks. Although the total contents of N and K in leaves were not affected by either PRD treatment, the concentrations of N and K in leaves were increased by DI 25-25. Root K was decreased by PRD treatments. Leaf ABA concentration was increased by PRD 50-0 but not by DI 25-25. Although all drought stress treatments increased the levels of ABA in leaves, DI and PRD treatments did not affect the whole plant WUE. Compared to well-irrigated control plants, DI reduced growth, whereas PRD 50-0 did not.

Saline water irrigation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under Mediterranean conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Yazar ◽  
Çigdem Incekaya ◽  
S. Metin Sezen ◽  
Sven-Erik Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Set Up

Field experiments were set up in order to evaluate the yield response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cv. Titicaca) to irrigation with saline and fresh water under Mediterranean climate from 2010 to 2012 in Adana, Turkey. Irrigation treatments in 2010 and 2011 comprised full irrigation with fresh water, full irrigation with saline water of different salt concentrations (40, 30, 20, 10 dS m–1), deficit irrigations with fresh water (50%, 75% of full irrigation), partial root-zone drying, and deficit irrigation with saline water of 40 dS m–1 (50%). In 2012, in addition to the full irrigation treatments, two deficit irrigation levels of 67% and 33% of full irrigation with fresh or saline (30, 20, 10 dS m–1) water were considered. The results indicated that grain yields were slightly reduced by irrigation water salinity up to 30 dS m–1 compared with fresh water irrigation. Salinity and drought stress together interfered considerably with crop grain and biomass yields. However, salinity stress alone did not interfere with grain and biomass yield significantly; therefore, quinoa may be defined as a crop tolerant to salinity. Yield parameters such as aboveground biomass, seed yield and harvest index suggested a good adaptation of quinoa cv. Titicaca to Mediterranean environments.

scholarly journals Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on growth, flowering and physiological responses of potted Syringa meyeri ‘Palibin’

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Koniarski ◽  
Bożena Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

<p>The aim of this study was to analyze the physiological and morphological response of <em>Syringa meyeri </em>‘Palibin’ to different levels of irrigation and to evaluate regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) as a possible technique for saving water in nursery production and promoting of flowering. Plants were grown in 3 liter containers in an unheated greenhouse and were subjected to six irrigation treatments for 18 weeks from the be- ginning of June to mid-October 2011. A drip irrigation system was used. Irrigation treatments were established on the basis of evapotranspiration (ETp). Three constant irrigation treatments were used: 1) 1 ETp; 2) 0.75 ETp; 3) 0.5 ETp, while the other three with irrigation varying between phases were as follows: 4) 1–0.5–1; 5) 1–0.25–1; and 6) 0.5–1–0.5 ETp. The 0.75 ETp and 0.5 ETp irrigation regimes adversely affected the growth and visual quality index of plants as well as they resulted in reduced leaf conductance, transpiration, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and CCI (chlorophyll content index). Plants grown under the 1–0.5–1 ETp regime had the same morphological parameters as plants grown under the 0.5 ETp treatment. A further reduction of water quantity supplied to plants in the 1–0.25–1 ETp regime resulted in further deterioration of the visual quality index of plants. In this study, the quality index of plants exposed to 0.5–1–0.5 ETp was similar to control plants (1 ETp). These plants were lower, more compact, and had smaller leaves than control plants. The irrigation regimes imposed in this study had no significant effect on the number of floral buds formed in relation to the control regime, except for 1–0.25–1 ETp where this number decreased.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Mulching Techniques and Irrigation Levels on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Growth Parameters Under Drip Irrigation System During Dry Season of Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088
Author(s):  
Tasisa Temesgen Tolossa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The increasing scarcity and competition for irrigation water entails adoption of innovative practices that increase efficient water use. The objective of this research was to compare different mulching techniques and investigated the combined effect of irrigation levels under drip irrigation system based on the parametric evaluation system in western part of Ethiopia during the 2018 dry season. A factorial combination of five levels of water (namely 100%, 80% and 70%, 60% and 50%ETc) combined with three mulch treatments (namely, Normal Mulch (NM), Straw Mulch (SM) and Plastic Mulch (PM)) with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that, days to 50% maturity, leaf number per plant, mean leaf length, plant height and leaf area were significantly affected by the main effects of deficit irrigation levels and mulching materials. The interaction effects of deficit irrigation levels and mulching materials significantly influenced plant height, number of leaf per plant, plant height, Leaf length and Leaf area of the onion. The present study suggests that, in water scarce area, farmers are advised to adopt deficit irrigation level with 80% ETc under plastic mulch. It is important even to undertake similar studies at different seasons with different varieties in consideration of their cost benefit analysis. However, if water is not a limiting factor, farmers are advised to apply full irrigation water application under plastic mulch.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities of Two Seed Oil Samples of Cucurbita pepo L. and Their Fatty Acid Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilge Sener ◽  
Ilkay Orhan ◽  
Berrin Ozcelik ◽  
Murat Kartal ◽  
Sinem Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Pumpkin seeds are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and the active constituents have been reported to be the sterols and fatty acids. In this study, the oils extracted from the two seed samples of pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L. ssp. pepo) growing in Turkey were analyzed for their fatty acid contents. Fatty acids were determined by capillary gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) equipped with a flame ionization detector. The results showed that both samples, which had very similar fatty acid compositions, were quite rich in linoleic acid (43.3 and 43.8%), followed by oleic (36.8 and 35.8%), palmitic (11.9 and 10.9), and stearic acids (6.7 and 7.6%). Saponification, esterification, iodine, peroxide, acidification indexes, and unsaponifiable matter of the oils were also calculated. In addition, the two oil samples were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Both of the oils displayed the same activity profile, having a good antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinobacter baumannii (16 μg/mL), potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (8 μg/mL), as well as a moderate antiviral effect towards Parainfluenza virus type-3 (16–8 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Partial Root-Zone Drying and Deficit Irrigation Effect on Growth, Yield, Water Use and Quality of Greenhouse Grown Grafted Tomato

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branimir Urlić ◽  
Marko Runjić ◽  
Marija Mandušić ◽  
Katja Žanić ◽  
Gabriela Vuletin Selak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

The tomato is an important horticultural crop, the cultivation of which is often under influence of abiotic and biotic stressors. Grafting is a technique used to alleviate these problems. Shortage of water has stimulated the introduction of new irrigation methods: deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD). This study was conducted in two spring–summer season experiments to evaluate the effects of three irrigation regimes: full irrigation (FI), PRD and DI on vegetative growth, leaf gas-exchange parameters, yield, water-use efficiency (WUE), nutrients profile and fruit quality of grafted tomatoes. In both years, the commercial rootstocks Emperador and Maxifort were used. In the first year, the scion cultivar Clarabella was grown on one stem and in the second year the cultivar Attiya was grown on two stems. Self-grafted cultivars were grown as a control. In both experiments, higher vegetative traits (leaf area and number, height, shoot biomass) were recorded in tthe plants grafted on commercial rootstocks. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were higher under FI. Under DI, transpiration was lowest and photosynthetic WUE was highest. Photosynthetic rate changed between irrigation treatments depending on plant type. In both years, the total yield was highest in grafted plants as result of more and bigger fruits per plant. In the 2nd year, grafted plants under FI had higher yield compared to PRD, but not to DI, while self-grafted plants did not differ between irrigation treatments. WUE was highest in DI and PRD treatments and in grafted plants. Leaf N, P, K and Ca was highest in tthe plants grafted on Emperador and Maxifort, while more Mg was measured in self-grafted plants. More Ca and Mg were recorded in tthe plants under DI and PRD. Fruit mineral concentrations were higher in tthe plants grafted on commercial rootstocks. Total soluble solids differed between irrigation regarding plant types, while fruit total acidity was higher in Emperador and Maxifort. In conclusion, our study showed that grafted plants could be grown under DI with minor yield reduction with 30–40% less water used for irrigation. Moderate DI could be used before PRD for cultivation of grafted tomato and double stemmed plants did not show negative effect on tomato yield so it can be used as standard under reduced irrigation.

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