scholarly journals The influence of environmental heterogeneity on the morphological and genetic diversity of Circaea lutetiana (Onagraceae) in Hyrcanian forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. e110
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Nikzat ◽  
Somayeh Ghasemzadeh-Baraki ◽  
Somayeh Naghiloo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
Genetic Clustering ◽  
Genetic Pool

Environmental gradients are important factors that can potentially influence the genetic diversity and differentiation of populations. The present study examines the effect of environmental heterogeneity of the Hyrcanian forests on populations of Circaea lutetiana L. (Onagraceae). Using morphometrics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of leaf epidermis, and molecular markers, we analyzed genetic diversity and differentiation among nine populations from environmentally divergent habitats. Three different gene pools were observed. Our results indicate that the genetic structure is significantly correlated to environmental factors, but not to the geographical distance. Genetic clustering in C. lutetiana is affected by temperature, humidity, elevation, and average annual rainfall. Overall, our data indicate that gene flow does not contribute to explaining spatial patterns of genetic structure and the adaptation to the environment is the main factor shaping the genetic structure of the C. lutetiana populations. The populations belonging to each of the three gene pools have similarities in microclimate parameters, despite their geographical proximity, and populations from the same genetic pool can be up to 470 km apart. This evidence, as well as morphological and genetic similarities of the populations with greater geographical distance, suggest the possibility of cryptic speciation in this species.

scholarly journals Geographical range size and latitude predict population genetic structure in a global survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20170566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara A. Pelletier ◽  
Bryan C. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Learning Framework

While genetic diversity within species is influenced by both geographical distance and environmental gradients, it is unclear what other factors are likely to promote population genetic structure. Using a machine learning framework and georeferenced DNA sequences from more than 8000 species, we demonstrate that geographical attributes of the species range, including total size, latitude and elevation, are the most important predictors of which species are likely to contain structured genetic variation. While latitude is well known as an important predictor of biodiversity, our work suggests that it also plays a key role in shaping diversity within species.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic diversity and differentiation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in East African natural and stocked populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Papius Dias Tibihika ◽  
Manuel Curto ◽  
Esayas Alemayehu ◽  
Herwig Waidbacher ◽  
Charles Masembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
East African ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Abstract Background The need for enhancing the productivity of fisheries in Africa triggered the introduction of non-native fish, causing dramatic changes to local species. In East Africa, the extensive translocation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major factors in this respect. Using 40 microsatellite loci with SSR-GBS techniques, we amplified a total of 664 individuals to investigate the genetic structure of O. niloticus from East Africa in comparison to Ethiopian and Burkina Faso populations. Results All three African regions were characterized by independent gene-pools, however, the Ethiopian population from lake Tana showed to be more divergent than expected suggesting that it might be a different species. In East Africa, the genetic structure was congruent with both geographical location and anthropogenic activities. O. niloticus from Lake Turkana (Kenya) was isolated, while in Uganda, despite populations being rather similar to each other, two main natural catchments were able to be defined. We show that these two groups contributed to the gene-pool of different non-native populations. Moreover, admixture and possible hybridization with other tilapiine species may have contributed to the genetic divergence found in some populations such as Lake Victoria. We detected other factors that might be affecting Nile tilapia genetic variation. For example, most of the populations have gone through a reduction of genetic diversity, which can be a consequence of bottleneck caused by overfishing, genetic erosion due to fragmentation or founder effect resulting from stoking activities. Conclusions The anthropogenic activities particularly in the East African O. niloticus translocations, promoted admixture and contact with the native congenerics which may contribute to outbreeding depression and hence compromising the sustainability of the species in the region.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic diversity and differentiation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in East African natural and stocked populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Papius Dias Tibihika ◽  
Manuel Curto ◽  
Esayas Alemayehu ◽  
Herwig Waidbacher ◽  
Charles Masembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
East African ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Abstract Background The need for enhancing the productivity of fisheries in Africa triggered the introduction of non-native fish, causing dramatic changes to local species. In East Africa, the extensive translocation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major factors in this respect. Using 40 microsatellite loci with SSR-GBS techniques, we amplified a total of 664 individuals to investigate the genetic structure of O. niloticus from East Africa in comparison to Ethiopian and Burkina Faso populations. Results All three African regions were characterized by independent gene-pools, however, the Ethiopian population from lake Tana showed to be more divergent than expected suggesting that it might be a different species. In East Africa, the genetic structure was congruent with both geographical location and anthropogenic activities. O. niloticus from Lake Turkana (Kenya) was isolated, while in Uganda, despite populations being rather similar to each other, two main natural catchments were able to be defined. We show that these two groups contributed to the gene-pool of different non-native populations. Moreover, admixture and possible hybridization with other tilapiine species may have contributed to the genetic divergence found in some populations such as Lake Victoria. We detected other factors that might be affecting Nile tilapia genetic variation. For example, most of the populations have gone through a reduction of genetic diversity, which can be a consequence of bottleneck caused by overfishing, genetic erosion due to fragmentation or founder effect resulting from stoking activities. Conclusions The anthropogenic activities particularly in the East African O. niloticus translocations, promoted admixture and contact with the native congenerics which may contribute to outbreeding depression and hence compromising the sustainability of the species in the region.

scholarly journals High genetic diversity and strong genetic structure of Strongyllodes variegatus populations in oilseed rape production areas of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HaiXia Zhan ◽  
ZhongPing Hao ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
LiNi Zhu ◽  
JingJiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract Background: Strongyllodes variegatus (Fairmaire) is a major insect pest of oilseed rape in China. Despite its economic importance, the contribution of its population genetics in the development of any suitable protection control strategy for the management of oilseed rape crops is poorly studied. It is a much urgent need to prevent its spread to the rest of the world. Results: Using the sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) as genetic markers, we analyzed the population genetic diversity and structure of 437 individuals collected from 15 S. variegates populations located in different oilseed rape production areas in China. In addition, we estimated the demographic history using neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis. The high level of genetic diversity was detected among the COI and Cytb sequences of S. variegates. The population structure analyses strongly suggested three distinct genetic and geographical regions in China with limited gene flow. The Mantel test showed that the genetic distance was greatly influenced by the geographical distance. The demographic analyses showed that S. variegates had experienced population fluctuation during the Pleistocene Epoch, which was likely to be related to the climatic changes.Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrate that the strong genetic structure of S. variegates populations in China, which is attributed by the isolation through the geographical distance among populations, their weak flight capacity and subsequent adaptation to the regional ecological conditions.

scholarly journals Range-wide neutral and adaptive genetic structure of an endemic herb from Amazonian Savannas

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R Silva ◽  
Luciana C Resende-Moreira ◽  
Carolina S Carvalho ◽  
Eder C M Lanes ◽  
Mabel P Ortiz-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Genetic Clustering

Abstract Conserving genetic diversity in rare and narrowly distributed endemic species is essential to maintain their evolutionary potential and minimize extinction risk under future environmental change. In this study we assess neutral and adaptive genetic structure and genetic diversity in Brasilianthus carajensis (Melastomataceae), an endemic herb from Amazonian Savannas. Using RAD sequencing we identified a total of 9365 SNPs in 150 individuals collected across the species’ entire distribution range. Relying on assumption-free genetic clustering methods and environmental association tests we then compared neutral with adaptive genetic structure. We found three neutral and six adaptive genetic clusters, which could be considered management units (MU) and adaptive units (AU), respectively. Pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) ranged between 0.024 and 0.048, and even though effective population sizes were below 100, no significant inbreeding was found in any inferred cluster. Nearly 10 % of all analysed sequences contained loci associated with temperature and precipitation, from which only 25 sequences contained annotated proteins, with some of them being very relevant for physiological processes in plants. Our findings provide a detailed insight into genetic diversity, neutral and adaptive genetic structure in a rare endemic herb, which can help guide conservation and management actions to avoid the loss of unique genetic variation.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Laurus nobilis L. Inferred From Transferred Nuclear Microsatellites

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Marzouki ◽  
N. Nasri ◽  
B. Jouaud ◽  
C. Bonnet ◽  
A. Khaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellites ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Species with fragmented populations and low population size often display low within-population genetic diversity and strong among-population differentiation. Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), common laurel, has a scattered distribution throughout the Mediterranean, with only few autochthonous populations. Our goal was to elucidate if this species has range-wide genetic structure and if planted material can be traced back to its origin. Genetic diversity was investigated using 4 polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) transferred from two species of Lauraceae. Sixty-six laurel trees were selected from 7 widely separated populations within the Mediterranean distribution area of the species. A total of 34 alleles (9 alleles per locus on average) were found. Mean genetic diversity within-population (Hs), was 0.558. Genetic differentiation among populations (GST = 0.243) was high compared to that of other angiosperms. Laurus nobilis can be separated into two main gene pools, one from western (Tunisia, Algeria and France) and the other from eastern Mediterranean (Turkey). The Algerian, Tunisian and French populations presented a strong genetic similarity, compatible with the fact that North African laurel populations could be recently introduced from north-western Mediterranean stock.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure, Differentiation and Originality of Pinus sylvestris L. Populations in the East of the East European Plain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Yulia Vasilyeva ◽  
Nikita Chertov ◽  
Yulia Nechaeva ◽  
Yana Sboeva ◽  
Nina Pystogova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
East European

In order to carry out activities aimed at conservation and rational use of forest resources; it is necessary to study the main forest-forming plant species in detail. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae) is mainly found in the boreal forests of Eurasia and is not so often encountered in the east of the East European Plain. The aim of the study was to study the genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of Scots pine populations in the east of the East European Plain. We studied ten populations of P. sylvestris using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)-based DNA polymorphism detection method. Natural populations are demonstrated by relatively high rates of genetic diversity (He = 0.167; ne = 1.279; I = 0.253). At the same time, there is a tendency for a decrease in the genetic diversity of the studied populations of P. sylvestris from west to east. Analysis of the genetic structure shows that the studied populations are highly differentiated (GST = 0.439), the intrapopulation component accounts for about 56% of the genetic diversity. Using various algorithms for determining the spatial genetic structure, it is found that the studied populations form two groups of populations in accordance with geographic location. With the help of a genetic originality coefficient, populations with specific and typical gene pools are identified. They are recommended as sources of genetic diversity and reserves for the conservation of genetic resources of the species.

scholarly journals Differentiation and genetic diversity of Phaseolus lunatus wild populations from Chiapas, Mexico, and their genetic relationships with MI and MII groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Gil ◽  
Gabriel Chepe-Cruz ◽  
Rubén Humberto Andueza-Noh ◽  
Matilde Margarita Ortiz-García ◽  
Jaime Martínez-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
High Level

<p><strong>Background</strong><em>. </em>Understanding the genetic structure of wild relatives of domesticated species is crucial for its conservation and to elucidate the sites of crop domestication. Lima bean is one of the five domesticated <em>Phaseolus</em> species and Mexico is one of its centers of domestication. Recent studies showed the existence of two wild gene pools (MI and MII) of this species in Mexico and suggested that their genetic divergence occurred in southeast Mexico.</p><p><strong>Question</strong><em>. </em>Did MI and MII groups diverged around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico?</p><p><strong>Studied species</strong><em>. </em>Lima bean: Neotropical plant species, herbaceous, with an annual/short life cycle and with autogamous tendency.</p><p><strong>Study site and years of study</strong><em>. </em>Seven wild populations were collected in 2012 in the State of Chiapas, México, area underrepresented in previous studies.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong><em>. </em>Genetic diversity and grouping patterns of collected populations and their relationship to MI and MII groups were analyzed at eight microsatellite loci.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>. High genetic structure (<em>F</em><sub>ST</sub>: 0.42 to 0.96) and a high level of genetic diversity (<em>H</em><sub>E </sub>= 0.48) were found. The analyses, and presence of admixed populations in MI and MII, suggested that the genetic divergence of these groups is an ongoing process centered around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><em>. </em>Our results support the hypothesis that MI and MII groups diverged around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; however, sampling should be increased both at population and genomic levels, to determine the precise organization of the genetic diversity of wild <em>P. lunatus</em> from Mexico.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of breeds of Askanian sheep by analysing polymorphisms in qualitative trait loci

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
V. Iovenko ◽  
Yu. Vdovychenko ◽  
N. Pysarenko ◽  
K. Skrepets ◽  
I. Hladii
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Qualitative Trait ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Genotype A

Aim. To determine the level of polymorphism of some genes, pertaining to the quantitative traits of sheep and to study the genetic diversity and population structure of breeds of Askanian sheep and one of its hybrids. Methods. Molecular–genetic, population–statistical, biometric methods. Results. The genetic structure of populations of the Askanian Fine-Fleeced (AFF, n = 33), Askanian Meat-and-Wool (AMW, n = 22) and Askanian Karakul (AK, n = 46) breeds and a hybrid of Askanian Fine-Fleeced × Texel (AFFT, n = 40) has been studied for the fi rst time in terms of the polymorphisms of the following qualitative trait genes (loci) : meat productivity genes: ovine growth hormone (GH), calpastatin (CAST) and myostatin (MSTN); prolifi cacy genes: Booroola (fecundity gene FecB) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP15). The sheep in all studied breeds and the hybrid mentioned above are characterized by the polymorphism of two loci, GH and CAST. The other three loci studied did not show polymorphism for the markers studied. GH is present as two genotypes (A/A, A/B), and CAST as three genotypes (A/A, A/B, B/B). The remaining genes were found to be in the monomorphic state. The frequencies of certain genotypes and alleles change in the direction from fi ne–fl eeced to meat animals. For instance, the concentration of heterozygous growth hormone (GH) genotype A/B increases from 0.0 % (AFFB) to 38.2 % (AMWB), and the concentration of allele A – from 0.083 to 0.191. The live bodyweight of fi ne–fl eeced lambs with GH genotype A/B at birth equaled 4.5 kg, and those with homozygous genotype A/A – 4.9 kg (P < 0.001). Therefore, homozygous genotype А/А determined the increased level of meat productivity of sheep. A similar dependence was established at birth for the Askanian Karakul breed. Conclusions. The specifi city of genetic structure of Askanian breeds and hybrid is polymorphism of the GH and CAST and absence of polymorphism of BMP15 and FecB genes, determining the prolifi cacy (reproduction) trait. According to the distribution of polymorphic loci variants, the gene pools of Askanian Meat-and-Wool breed and the local Askanian-Texel hybrid are closely related and therefore explains the same direction of their productivity. At the same time, all populations are in a state of genetic equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg, which indicates a high level of their consolidation. Sheep which have the A/A homozygote of the gene growth hormone are characterized by an increased level of the body weight development.

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour Populations in Perm Krai Based on Polymorphism ISSR-PCR markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Nechaeva ◽  
N. Pystogova ◽  
N. Chertov ◽  
S. Boronnikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Pinus Sibirica Du Tour ◽  
Issr Pcr

DNA polymorphism has been studied, indicators of genetic diversity and genetic structure of 3 populations of Pinus sylvestris L. and 3 populations of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Perm Krai have been determined. In the populations of P. sibirica, 102 ISSR-PCR markers were found, of which 88 were polymorphic (P95 = 0.863), and in the populations of P. sylvestris — 113 ISSR-PCR markers, 100 of which were polymorphic (P95 = 0.885). The populations of the two studied species of woody plants are characterized by high genetic diversity. At the same time, in P. sibirica, the indices of genetic diversity were slightly higher (HE = 0.195; ne = 1.335; na = 1.330) than in P. sylvestris (HE = 0.166; ne = 1.268; na = 1.212). The analysis of the genetic structure showed that the coefficient of genetic subdivision (GST) in the two studied species of the genus Pinus are similar and amount to 0.320 in P. sibirica and 0.303 in P. sylvestris. The populations of Siberian pine and Scots pine are characterized by an average degree of genetic differentiation, since the interpopulation component accounts for 32.0% and 30.3% of the genetic diversity of these species, respectively. Using the Mantel test, a high correlation was found between genetic and geographical distances in P. sibirica populations (R2 = 0.6871), while P. sylvestris showed a low correlation (R2 = 0.0649). The data obtained are relevant for the preservation of the gene pools of the studied two species of the genus Pinus in the Perm Krai.

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