Evaluation of Asbestos Fibers Release from MSW Treatment Facilities

Hideto Nagatsuka; Yasuo Kawabe; Hideaki Fujiyoshi

doi:10.3985/wmr.17.271

Reactivity of Pulmonary Alveolar Cells to Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054285 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 334-335

Author(s):

Charles L. Sanders ◽

Roy R. Adee

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Intratracheal Instillation ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Fiber Suspension ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Alveolar Cells ◽

Asbestos Fibers ◽

Fischer Rats ◽

Mineral Silicates

Asbestos is a generic name for a group of hydrated mineral silicates that occur naturally in a fibrous form. The early interactions of asbestos fibers with alveolar cells in large part determines their long-term toxicity. Young adult, SPF, Fischer rats were given a single intratracheal instillation of 2 mg crocidolite asbestos suspended in 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. About 80% of the fibers had lengths of less than 10 ym as measured on light micrographs of the fiber suspension. Two rats were killed at 3 hr, 1 d and 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk after instillation and the lungs instilled with 8 ml McDowell - Trumps at 20 cm H2O. Lung tissue was dehydrated and sputtered coated with palladium-gold for SEM or post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in epoxy resin and sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for TEM.

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Development of a Rapid Survey Method of Sampling and Analysis for Asbestos in Ambient Air

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100096400 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 630-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. E. Heffelfinger ◽

C. W. Melton ◽

D. L. Kiefer ◽

W. M. Henry ◽

R. J. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Neutron Activation ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Survey Method ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Comparative Analyses ◽

Asbestos Fibers ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Unequivocal Identification ◽

Identification And Quantification

A methodology has been developed and demonstrated which is capable of determining total amounts of asbestos fibers and fibrils in air ranging from as low as fractional nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) of air to several micrograms/m3. The method involves the collection of samples on an absolute filter and provides an unequivocal identification and quantification of the total asbestos contents including fibrils in the collected samples.The developed method depends on the trituration under controlled conditions to reduce the fibers to fibrils, separation of the asbestos fibrils from other collected air particulates (beneficiation), and the use of transmission microscopy for identification and quantification. Its validity has been tested by comparative analyses by neutron activation techniques. It can supply the data needed to set emissions criteria and to serve as a basis for assessing the potential hazard for asbestos pollution to the populace.

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Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100169626 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

J. D. Shelburne ◽

Peter Ingram ◽

Victor L. Roggli ◽

Ann LeFurgey

Keyword(s):

Operating Room ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Microprobe Analysis ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

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Scanning electron microscopy of asbestos-containing material where the asbestos fibers are considered locked in a binder

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100148198 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 472-473

Author(s):

J. R. Millette ◽

R. S. Brown

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Building Materials ◽

The United States ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Asbestos Fibers ◽

Different Types ◽

Binder Material ◽

Scanning Electron

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labeled as “friable” those building materials that are likely to readily release fibers. Friable materials when dry, can easily be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder using hand pressure. Other asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) where the asbestos fibers are in a matrix of cement or bituminous or resinous binders are considered non-friable. However, when subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or other forms of abrasion, these non-friable materials are to be treated as friable asbestos material. There has been a hypothesis that all raw asbestos fibers are encapsulated in solvents and binders and are not released as individual fibers if the material is cut or abraded. Examination of a number of different types of non-friable materials under the SEM show that after cutting or abrasion, tuffs or bundles of fibers are evident on the surfaces of the materials. When these tuffs or bundles are examined, they are shown to contain asbestos fibers which are free from binder material. These free fibers may be released into the air upon further cutting or abrasion.

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